scholarly journals Workload and Injury in Professional Soccer Players: Role of Injury Tissue Type and Injury Severity

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (02) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Enright ◽  
Matthew Green ◽  
Gordon Hay ◽  
James J. Malone
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Bivariate Correlation ◽  
Gps Devices

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of workload prior to injury on injury (tissue type and severity) in professional soccer players. Twenty-eight days of retrospective training data prior to non-contact injuries (n=264) were collated from 192 professional soccer players. Each injury tissue type (muscle, tendon and ligament) and severity (days missed) were categorised by medical staff. Training data were recorded using global positioning system (GPS) devices for total distance (TD), high speed distance (HSD,>5.5 m/s−1), and sprint distance (SPR,>7.0 m/s−1). Accumulated 1, 2, 3, 4-weekly loads and acute:chronic workload ratios (ACWR) (coupled, uncoupled and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) approaches) were calculated. Workload variables and injury tissue type were compared using a one-way ANOVA. The association between workload variables and injury severity were examined using a bivariate correlation. There were no differences in accumulated weekly loads and ACWR calculations between muscle, ligament, and tendon injuries (P>0.05). Correlations between each workload variable and injury severity highlighted no significant associations (P>0.05). The present findings suggest that the ability of accumulated weekly workload or ACWR methods to differentiate between injury type and injury severity are limited using the present variables.

scholarly journals Comparison of external load on high speed actions in friendly macth and training sessions (Comparación de carga externa en las acciones de alta velocidad en paridos amistosos y sesiones de entrenamientos)

Retos ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Toscano Bendala ◽  
Miguel Angel Campos Vázquez ◽  
Luis Jesús Suarez-Arrones ◽  
Francisco Javier Núñez Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
High Velocity ◽  
External Load ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Sampling Frequency ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Soccer Team ◽  
Gps Devices ◽  
And Training

The aim of the current research was to find out the differences that exist between the external load in high-velocity actions (SP+) in competitions and in training sessions of professional soccer team. We took as SP+ indicators those actions that the soccer players performed over 23 km·h-1 and could be held for at least 1 second. It was monitored 25 professional players belonging to the first team of a team of the first Spanish soccer division, and were used 10 GPS devices were used (SPI, ELITE model, GPSport, Canberra, Australia). These GSPORT transmitters have a sampling frequency of 1 Hz. The results of our study showed how during the game, the players performed substantially more number of SP+ de 1 s, 2 s, 3 s y 4 s (per minute of activity) than during training.Resumen.  El objetivo de esta investigación fue encontrar las diferencias que existen entre la carga externa en acciones de alta velocidad (SP+) en paridos amistosos de pretemporada y las sesiones de entrenamientos en un equipo de fútbol profesional. Tomamos como indicadores SP + aquellas acciones que realizan los jugadores de fútbol por encima de 23 km·h-1 y pudiendo ser mantenidas durante al menos 1 segundo. Se monitorizaron 25 jugadores profesionales pertenecientes a la primera plantilla de un equipo de la primera división de fútbol español, y se utilizaron 10 dispositivos GPS (SPI, ELITE model, GPSport, Canberra, Australia). Estos transmisores GPSORT, tienen una frecuencia de muestreo de 1 Hz. Los resultados de nuestro estudio manifestaron como durante el partido, los jugadores realizaron de manera sustancial más número de SP+ de 1 s, 2 s, 3 s y 4 s (por minuto de actividad) que durante los entrenamientos.

scholarly journals Understanding the Influence of the Head Coach on Soccer Training Drills—An 8 Season Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8149
Author(s):  
Steve Barrett ◽  
Matthew C. Varley ◽  
Samuel P. Hills ◽  
Mark Russell ◽  
Matt Reeves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Head Coach ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Soccer Training ◽  
Physical Output

Soccer players perform a variety of training drills to develop the physical, technical and tactical qualities required for match-play. The role of coaches in prescribing training suggests that players may not always meet physical targets set by conditioning staff. To quantify the physical outputs elicited by different training drill types, 183 professional soccer players were monitored over 8 seasons using Microelectromechanical Systems during normal training, yielding 65,825 drill observations [362 ± 341 observations·player−1]. Linear mixed models assessed the influence of drill type, head coach and playing position on physical output. Drills lasted ~14 min, eliciting total distances and high speed running of ~1000 m and 40 m, respectively. Conditioning drills elicited substantially greater relative high-speed running [18.8 ± 27.2 m.min−1] and Sprint [3.5 ± 9.4 m.min−1] distances than all other drill types. The proportion of training drill types used and external outputs elicited per drill were affected by the head coach. Midfielders recorded the highest total distance [77.3 ± 36.1 m.min] and PlayerLoad™ [8.29 ± 3.54] of any playing position, whilst the lowest outputs were recorded by goalkeepers. This study provides reference data for practitioners when seeking to manipulate training prescription to achieve physical output targets whilst also meeting the team’s technical and tactical objectives.

Do elite soccer players cover longer distance when losing? Differences between attackers and defenders

2020 ◽  
pp. 174795412098227
Author(s):  
Carlos Lago-Peñas ◽  
Anton Kalén ◽  
Miguel Lorenzo-Martinez ◽  
Roberto López-Del Campo ◽  
Ricardo Resta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Situational Variables ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Score Line

This study aimed to evaluate the effects playing position, match location (home or away), quality of opposition (strong or weak), effective playing time (total time minus stoppages), and score-line on physical match performance in professional soccer players using a large-scale analysis. A total of 10,739 individual match observations of outfield players competing in the Spanish La Liga during the 2018–2019 season were recorded using a computerized tracking system (TRACAB, Chyronhego, New York, USA). The players were classified into five positions (central defenders, players = 94; external defenders, players = 82; central midfielders, players = 101; external midfielders, players = 72; and forwards, players = 67) and the following match running performance categories were considered: total distance covered, low-speed running (LSR) distance (0–14 km · h−1), medium-speed running (MSR) distance (14–21 km · h−1), high-speed running (HSR) distance (>21 km · h−1), very HSR (VHSR) distance (21–24 km · h−1), sprint distance (>24 km · h−1) Overall, match running performance was highly dependent on situational variables, especially the score-line condition (winning, drawing, losing). Moreover, the score-line affected players running performance differently depending on their playing position. Losing status increased the total distance and the distance covered at MSR, HSR, VHSR and Sprint by defenders, while attacking players showed the opposite trend. These findings may help coaches and managers to better understand the effects of situational variables on physical performance in La Liga and could be used to develop a model for predicting the physical activity profile in competition.

scholarly journals ISOKINETIC PROFILES AND REFERENCE VALUES OF PROFESSIONAL SOCCER PLAYERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-615
Author(s):  
Guillermo Charneco Salguero ◽  
Francisco García-Muro San José ◽  
Arturo Pérez Gosalvez ◽  
Jose Miguel Cárdenas Rebollo ◽  
Isabel Brígido Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Average Work ◽  
Torque Values

ABSTRACT Introduction: Isokinetics is a tool commonly used in professional soccer. There is ongoing debate among researchers as to the isokinetic reference values a player should have. Objectives: To determine the absolute peak torque (PT) and average work of professional soccer players in relation to their positions on the field, and to establish the reference values for these variables. Methods: Purposeful sampling was used to select 289 professional soccer players. The sample included 32 goalkeepers, 100 defenders, 98 midfielders, and 59 strikers. The participants were measured preseason. The players were asked to perform a 10-minute warm-up on an exercise bike, and then to perform 5 repetitions at low speed, 10 at medium speed, and 25 at high speed, with 30 to 40-s of rest between each set of repetitions. The contraction method was concentric-concentric in a dynamometer Isomed 2000. Results: The average age, weight, and height of the players was 21.9 years, 74.3 kilograms, and 1.8 meters, respectively. The goalkeepers presented higher PT at the 3 measured speeds, and the higher average work at 180°/s and 240°/s in relation to defenders and midfielders. The strikers presented higher average work at 240°/s in relation to midfielders, and higher PT in relation to the defenders and midfielders. Absolute values were shown and reference values were established. Conclusions: The goalkeepers and strikers were the players that showed the greatest differences in their favor in relation to the other positions. The peak torque values and average work were described in relation to the player's position on the field. This study resulted in the creation of a tool for health professionals working with professional soccer players, providing reference values for these players in relation to their position on the field that can be used as benchmarks, by health professionals, to optimize soccer players’ performance. Level of evidence II, Prospective comparative study.

Using Submaximal Exercise Heart Rate for Monitoring Cardiorespiratory Fitness Changes in Professional Soccer Players: A Replication Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Stefan Altmann ◽  
Rainer Neumann ◽  
Sascha Härtel ◽  
Alexander Woll ◽  
Martin Buchheit
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Optimal Thresholds ◽  
The Moment

Purpose: To assess the value of monitoring changes in fitness in professional soccer players, using changes in heart rate at submaximal intensity (HR12km/h) over the velocity at a lactate concentration of 4 mmol/L (v4mmol/L). The authors reexamined (1) a range of threshold magnitudes, which may improve detecting substantial individual changes and (2) the agreement between changes in these 2 variables. Methods: On at least 2 occasions during different moments of the season, 97 professional soccer players from Germany (first, second, and fourth division) completed an incremental test to determine HR12km/h and v4mmol/L. Optimal thresholds for changes in HR12km/h and v4mmol/L were assessed, using various methods (eg, smallest worthwhile change + typical error [TE], successive reiterations approach). Agreement between both variable changes was examined for the whole sample (225 comparisons), 4 different subgroups (depending on the moment of the season), and in an individual over 6 years (n = 23 tests). Results: Changes of 4.5% and 6.0% for HR12km/h and v4mmol/L, respectively, were rated as optimal to indicate substantial changes in fitness. Depending on the (sub)groups analyzed, these thresholds yielded 0% to 2% full mismatches, 22% to 38% partial agreements, and 60% to 78% full agreements in terms of fitness change interpretation between both variables. Conclusions: When lactate sampling during incremental tests is not possible, practitioners willing to monitor adult professional soccer players’ (Germany; first, second, and fourth division) training status can confidently implement short, 3-minute submaximal runs, with 4.5% changes in HR12km/h being indicative of true substantial fitness changes, with 60% to 78% accuracy. Future studies should investigate the potential role of confounding factors of HR12km/h to improve changes in fitness prediction.

A New Approach for Training-load Quantification in Elite-level Soccer: Contextual Factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berni Guerrero-Calderón ◽  
Maximilian Klemp ◽  
Alfonso Castillo-Rodriguez ◽  
José Alfonso Morcillo ◽  
Daniel Memmert
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Equivalent Distance ◽  
Physical Responses ◽  
Match Location

AbstractThe aims of this study were to analyse the physical responses of professional soccer players during training considering the contextual factors of match location, season period, and quality of the opposition; and to establish prediction models of physical responses during training sessions. Training data was obtained from 30 professional soccer players from Spanish La Liga using global positioning technology (N=1365 performances). A decreased workload was showed during training weeks prior to home matches, showing large effects in power events, equivalent distance, total distance, walk distance and low-speed running distance. Also, the quality of the opposition also affected the training workload (p<0.05). All regression-models showed moderate effects, with an adjusted R2 of 0.37 for metabolic-work, 0.34 for total distance covered, 0.25 for high-speed running distance (18–21 km·h−1), 0.29 for very high-speed running distance (21–24 km·h−1), 0.22 for sprint running distance (>24 km·h−1) and 0.34 for equivalent distance. The main finding of this study was the great association of match location, season period and quality of opposition on the workload performed by players in the training week before the match; and the development of workload prediction-models considering these contextual factors, thus proposing a new and innovative approach to quantify the workload in soccer.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Association between Running Performance and Game Performance Indicators in Professional Soccer Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 4032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Modric ◽  
Versic ◽  
Sekulic ◽  
Liposek
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Performance Statistics ◽  
Game Performance

Running performance (RP) and game performance indicators (GPI) are important determinants of success in soccer (football), but there is an evident lack of knowledge about the possible associations between RP and GPI. This study aimed to identify associations between RP and GPI in professional soccer players and to compare RP and GPI among soccer playing positions. One hundred one match performances were observed over the course of half of a season at the highest level of national competition in Croatia. Players (mean ± SD, age: 23.85 ± 2.88 years; body height: 183.05 ± 8.88 cm; body mass: 78.69 ± 7.17 kg) were classified into five playing positions (central defenders (n = 26), full-backs (n = 24), central midfielders (n = 33), wide midfielders (n = 10), and forwards (n = 8). RP, as measured by global positioning system, included the total distance covered, distance covered in five speed categories (walking, jogging, running, high-speed running, and maximal sprinting), total number of accelerations, number of high-intensity accelerations, total number of decelerations, and number of high-intensity decelerations. The GPI were collected by the position-specific performance statistics index (InStat index). The average total distance was 10,298.4 ± 928.7 m, with central defenders having the shortest and central midfielders having the greatest covered distances. The running (r = 0.419, p = 0.03) and high-intensity accelerations (r = 0.493, p = 0.01) were correlated with the InStat index for central defenders. The number of decelerations of full-backs (r = −0.43, p = 0.04) and the distance covered during sprinting of forwards (r = 0.80, p = 0.02) were associated with their GPI obtained by InStat index. The specific correlations between RP and GPI should be considered during the conditioning process in soccer. The soccer training should follow the specific requirements of the playing positions established herein, which will allow players to meet the game demands and to perform successfully.

scholarly journals Weekly Load Variations of Distance-Based Variables in Professional Soccer Players: A Full-Season Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽  
Rui Silva ◽  
Daniel Castillo ◽  
Asier Los Arcos ◽  
Bruno Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Load Variations ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Moderate Effect ◽  
And Training

The aim of this study was two-fold: (1) to analyze the variations of acute load, training monotony, and training strain among early (pre-season), mid (first half of season), and end season (second half of season) periods; (2) to compare these training indicators for playing positions in different moments of the season. Nineteen professional players (age: 26.5 ± 4.3 years; experience as professional: 7.5 ± 4.3 years) from a European First League team participated in this study. The players were monitored daily over a 45-week period for the total distance (TD), distance covered (DC) at 14 km/h−1 or above (DC > 14 km/h), high-speed running above 19.8 km/h−1 (HSR) distance, and number of sprints above 25.2 km/h−1. The acute load (sum of load during a week), training monotony (mean of training load during the seven days of the week divided by the standard deviation of the training load of the seven days), and training strain (sum of the training load for all training sessions and matches during a week multiplied by training monotony) workload indices were calculated weekly for each measure and per player. Results revealed that training monotony and training strain for HSR were meaningfully greater in pre-season than in the first half of the in-season (p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.883 and p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.712, respectively) and greater than the second half of the in-season (p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.718 and p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.717). The training monotony for the sprints was meaningfully greater in pre-season than in the first half of in-season (p < 0.001; d = 0.953) and greater than the second half of in-season (p ≤ 0.001; d = 0.916). Comparisons between playing positions revealed that small-to-moderate effect sizes differences mainly for the number of sprints in acute load, training monotony, and training strain. In conclusion, the study revealed that greater acute load, training monotony, and training strain occurred in the pre-season and progressively decreased across the season. Moreover, external defenders and wingers were subjected to meaningfully greater acute load and training strain for HSR and number of sprints during the season compared to the remaining positions.

scholarly journals Influence of contextual factors on physical demands and technical-tactical actions regarding playing position in professional soccer players

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Díez ◽  
Demetrio Lozano ◽  
Jose Luis Arjol-Serrano ◽  
Elena Mainer-Pardos ◽  
Daniel Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Final Outcome ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Physical Demands ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to analyse the physical demands and technical-tactical actions for each playing position according to game location and final outcome in professional soccer players. Methods A convenience sample was obtained from twenty-one professional male soccer players, belonged to same soccer team of the Spanish Second Division. Players’ physical demands were monitored during each match using a portable 18 Hz GPS unit and 600 Hz triaxial accelerometer. These analysed demands were total distance, moderate speed running distance (>14.4 km·h-1), high-speed running distance (>19.8. km·h-1), sprint distance (>25.0 km·h-1), number of accelerations between 2 and 4 m·s-2 and above 4 m·s-2, and number of decelerations between 2 and 4 m·s-2 and above 4 m·s-2. The data related to technical-tactical actions were obtained from WyScout®, a computerized multiple-camera tracking system based on the OPTA® track analysis tool. The obtained indicators were general, defensive and offensive. Results For all players, higher total distance (p = 0.045; effect size [ES] = 0.24, small effect) was covered and greater deceleration 2-4 m·ss-2 (p = 0.001; ES = 0.68, medium effect) was performed when the team plays at home and lose and for all players, playing at home and winning demanded higher defensive volume (p =0.014; ES = − 1.49, large effect) and nº interceptions (p =0.031; ES = − 1.40, large effect) in comparison to playing at home and losing. Conclusions The physical demands and technical-tactical actions vary when contextual game factors (i.e., match location and final outcome) are considered. We can confirm that, although the training of physical demands does not influence the final result of the match, the training of technical tactical actions could help to achieve an optimal performance of the team to win matches.

scholarly journals The Role of Perceived Justice on Satisfaction with the Coach: Gender Differences in a Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel López-Gajardo ◽  
José Carlos Ponce-Bordón ◽  
Ana Rubio-Morales ◽  
Rubén Llanos-Muñoz ◽  
Jesús Díaz-García
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Perceived Justice ◽  
Professional Soccer

The aim of this study was to determine the interaction between the factors of perceived justice with regard to players’ satisfaction with the coach’s behavior, and also to determine the evolution of these interactions across a season in elite male and female soccer. A longitudinal design was carried out, with three measurement points (i.e., at the beginning, in the middle, and at the end of a season). Participants were 439 professional soccer players (males = 227, females = 212), aged between 18 and 33 years (M = 23.81, SD = 4.53). Results showed gender differences in the factors that predict satisfaction with the coach. Women grant more importance to relational and motivational aspects. It was also confirmed that there are important variations across the season in both genders. These results can help to better understand which behaviors are more appropriate for coaches depending on gender and time of the season.

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