Association Between Prediabetes and Retinopathy: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 801-809
Author(s):  
Ji Jin ◽  
Peirong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Heterogeneity ◽  
Study Characteristics

AbstractDiabetes confers an increased risk of microvascular complications, including retinopathy. However, whether prediabetes is also related to retinopathy has not been comprehensively examined. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between prediabetes and retinopathy. This meta-analysis included relevant observational studies from Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases. A random-effect model after incorporation of the intra-study heterogeneity was selected to pool the results. Subgroup analyses were applied to evaluate the influences of study characteristics on relationship. Nine cross-sectional studies including 14 751 community dwelling adult participants were included; 3847 (26.1%) of them were prediabetic. Results showed that prediabetes was associated with a higher prevalence of retinopathy compared to normoglycemia [odds ratio (OR): 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–2.20, p=0.01, I2=34%]. Sensitivity analysis by excluding one study at a time showed consistent result (OR: 1.35 to 1.73, p all<0.05). Subgroup analysis showed study characteristics such as definition of prediabetes, country of study, sample size, mean age of participants, or univariate or multivariate analyses may not significantly affect the association (p for subgroup difference all>0.05). Current evidence suggests that patients with prediabetes may be associated with higher prevalence of retinopathy as compared to those with normoglycemia. Although prospective cohort studies are needed to validate these findings, results of our meta-analysis highlighted the importance of early prevention of retinopathy in patients with prediabetes.

scholarly journals Aspirin Use and Mortality in Women With Ovarian Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaxia Man ◽  
Baogang Wang ◽  
Yuying Tan ◽  
Xiaolin Yang ◽  
Songling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Clinical Stages ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Funnel Plots

BackgroundAspirin use has been suggested to reduce the incidence of ovarian cancer (OC) in women. However, previous studies regarding the association between aspirin use and mortality in women with OC showed inconsistent results. We aimed to evaluate the association between aspirin use and mortality in women with OC in a meta-analysis.MethodsRelevant cohort studies were obtained via search of PubMed, Cochrane’s Library, and Embase databases from inception to May 3, 2020. A random-effect model, which incorporates the potential heterogeneity among the included studies, was used to pool the results. Predefined stratified analyses were applied to evaluate the potential study characteristics on the outcome, including the timing of aspirin use, dose of aspirin, age of the women, and the clinical stages of the cancer. Sensitivity analysis by omitting one study at a time was used to assess the stability of the results.ResultsSix cohort studies including 17,981 women with OC were included. Pooled results showed that aspirin use had no statistically significant association with mortality in these patients (adjusted risk ratio [RR]: 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70 to 1.02, p = 0.08; I2 = 69%). The results were similar for OC-specific mortality (RR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.57 to 1.26, p = 0.41) and all-cause mortality (RR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.55 to 1.11, p = 0.17). Stratified analyses suggested that aspirin use had no statistically significant association with mortality risk in OC regardless the timing of aspirin use, dose of aspirin, age of the women, or the clinical stages of the cancer. Funnel plots suggested potential risk of publication bias (p all &gt; 0.05). However, further “trim-and-fill” analysis incorporating hypothesized unpolished studies to achieve symmetrical funnel plots showed similar results of the meta-analysis (RR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.74 to 1.13, p = 0.39).ConclusionsCurrent evidence from observational studies indicated that aspirin use had no statistically significant association with mortality in women with OC.

scholarly journals A meta-analysis comparing short-term weight and cardiometabolic changes between olanzapine/samidorphan and olanzapine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manit Srisurapanont ◽  
Sirijit Suttajit ◽  
Surinporn Likhitsathian ◽  
Benchalak Maneeton ◽  
Narong Maneeton
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Dropout Rates ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment

AbstractThis study compared weight and cardiometabolic changes after short-term treatment of olanzapine/samidorphan and olanzapine. Eligible criteria for an included trial were ≤ 24 weeks, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared olanzapine/samidorphan and olanzapine treatments in patients/healthy volunteers and reported weight or cardiometabolic outcomes. Three databases were searched on October 31, 2020. Primary outcomes included weight changes and all-cause dropout rates. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and risk ratios (RRs) were computed and pooled using a random-effect model. This meta-analysis included four RCTs (n = 1195). The heterogeneous data revealed that weight changes were not significantly different between olanzapine/samidorphan and olanzapine groups (4 RCTs, SDM = − 0.19, 95% CI − 0.45 to 0.07, I2 = 75%). The whole-sample, pooled RR of all-cause dropout rates (4 RCTs, RR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.23, I2 = 0%) was not significant different between olanzapine/samidorphan and olanzapine groups. A lower percentage of males and a lower initial body mass index were associated with the greater effect of samidorphan in preventing olanzapine-induced weight gain. Current evidence is insufficient to support the use of samidorphan to prevent olanzapine-induced weight gain and olanzapine-induced cardiometabolic abnormalities. Samidorphan is well accepted by olanzapine-treated patients.

scholarly journals Association between Oral Contraceptives and cutaneous melanoma: a systematic review and metanalysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Giacchetta ◽  
M Chiavarini ◽  
G Naldini ◽  
R Fabiani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Hormonal Factors ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background The probability of developing invasive cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is higher in women than in men up until the age of 49. Several studies investigated the association between hormonal factors and CMM. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize the evidence on the association between Oral Contraceptives (OC) and the risk of CMM. Methods This review and meta-analysis follow the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic literature search was conducted on Medline and Web of Science until December 2019. Studies were eligible if reported a risk estimate for the association between OC and CMM. Heterogeneity testing was performed using Cochran's Q and I2 statistics. Publication bias was assessed by Egger's test and Begg's test. Meta-analysis was performed using random effect model. Results The results of the pooled analysis of all 32 studies showed no significant association between OC and the risk of CMM (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.94-1.11; I2=39.32%, p = 0.013). The stratified analyses by study design found no significant association between OC and the risk of CMM neither in the 18 case-control studies (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.87-1.21; I2=56.91%, p = 0.002) nor in the 14 cohort studies (OR 1.04; 95% CI 0.98-1.11; I2=0.00%, p = 0.557). No significant publication bias could be detected by Egger's test or Begg's test. Conclusions This meta-analysis of available literature suggests no significant association between OC and the risk of developing CMM. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the possible relationship of OC use and other hormonal factors potentially contributing to the increased risk of CMM in women during their reproductive years. Key messages Oral contraceptives (OC) do not significantly contribute to the risk of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma (CMM). Further studies are needed to investigate the potential role of other hormonal factors in the increased probability of developing CMM in women during their reproductive years.

scholarly journals Non-prescription dispensing of antibiotic agents among community drug retail outlets in Sub-Saharan African countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sewunet Admasu Belachew ◽  
Lisa Hall ◽  
Linda A. Selvey
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Ssa Countries

Abstract Background The development of antimicrobial resistance, which is partially attributable to the overuse and/or misuse of antibiotics in health care, is one of the greatest global public health challenges. In Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, non-prescribed dispensing of antibiotics in community drug retail outlets (CDROs) has been flagged as one of the contributing factors for the widespread misuse of antibiotics in the community. Objective The current review aimed to estimate the proportion of non-prescription antibiotics requests or consultations that resulted in provision of antibiotics without a valid prescription among CDROs in SSA region, and describe the type of antibiotics dispensed. Methods A literature search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and Google Scholar. We also searched reference lists of relevant articles. Random effect model meta-analysis was employed to determine the pooled proportion of over the counter sale of antibiotics. Subgroup and meta-regression was undertaken to explore the potential cause of heterogeneity in effect size across studies. Results Of 671 total citations retrieved, 23 met the inclusion criteria (seven cross-sectional questionnaire-based surveys and 16 cross-sectional client-based studies). The overall pooled proportion of non-prescription antibiotics requests or consultations that resulted in supply of antibiotics without prescription was 69% (95% CI 58–80). Upper respiratory tract infections and/or acute diarrhoea were the most frequently presented case scenarios, and amoxicillin and co-trimoxazole were the most frequently dispensed antibiotics to treat those symptoms. Conclusions Non-prescribed dispensing of antibiotics was found to be a common practice among CDROs in several SSA countries. Ease of access to and overuse of antibiotics can potentially accelerate the emergence of resistance to antibiotics available in the region. Our review highlights the need for a stringent enforcement of existing policies and/or enacting new regulatory frameworks that would regulate antibiotic supply, and training and educational support for pharmacy personnel (e.g. pharmacists, pharmacy assistants) regarding judicious use of antibiotics and the importance of antimicrobial stewardship.

scholarly journals Traumatic Brain Injury and Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongqing Gu ◽  
Shan Ou ◽  
Guodong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Medical Monitoring ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction: Previous studies have investigated the potential role of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in subsequent development of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but reported inconsistent results. We aim to determine the association between TBI and subsequent occurrence of dementia and AD. Methods: We performed a systematic search in PubMed and Web of Science for studies that quantitatively investigated the association between TBI and risk of dementia and AD and were published on or before September 21, 2021. A random-effect model was used to combine the estimates. Results: Twenty-five eligible articles were included in this meta-analysis. The results suggested that TBI was associated with an increased risk of dementia (pooled odds ratio [OR] = 1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.53 - 2.14). However, no association was observed between TBI and Alzheimer’s disease (pooled OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.91 - 1.15). In the subgroup analysis, TBI with loss of consciousness was not associated with risk of dementia (pooled OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.84 - 1.09). Besides, Asian ethnicity, male gender, and mean age of the participants less than 65 were associated with a higher risk of dementia. Conclusion: Our study suggests an increased risk of dementia among individuals with TBI, highlighting the need for more intensive medical monitoring and health education in individuals with TBI. Biological mechanisms linking TBI and the development of dementia are needed in future studies.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION OF IL-8 -251T>A (RS4073) POLYMORPHISM WITH SUSCEPTIBILITY TO GASTRIC CANCER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS BASED ON 33 CASE-CONTROL STUDIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Mansour MOGHIMI ◽  
Seyed Alireza DASTGHEIB ◽  
Naeimeh HEIRANIZADEH ◽  
Mohammad ZARE ◽  
Elnaz SHEIKHPOUR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mixed Populations ◽  
Stratified Analysis

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The role of -251A>T polymorphism in the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) gene in gastric cancer was intensively evaluated, but the results of these studies were inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to provide a comprehensive data on the association of IL-8 -251T>A polymorphism with gastric cancer. METHODS: All eligible studies were identified in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Wanfang and CNKI databases before September 01, 2019. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived from a fixed effect or random effect model. RESULTS: A total of 33 case-control studies with 6,192 cases and 9,567 controls were selected. Overall, pooled data showed that IL-8 -251T>A polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer under all five genetic models, i.e., allele (A vs T: OR=1.189, 95% CI 1.027-1.378, P=0.021), homozygote (AA vs TT: OR=1.307, 95% CI 1.111-1.536, P=0.001), heterozygote (AT vs TT: OR=1.188, 95% CI 1.061-1.330, P=0.003), dominant (AA+AT vs TT: OR=1.337, 95% CI 1.115-1.602, P=0.002) and recessive (AA vs AT+TT: OR=1.241, 95% CI 1.045-1.474, P=0.014). The stratified analysis by ethnicity revealed an increased risk of gastric cancer in Asians and mixed populations, but not in Caucasians. Moreover, stratified by country found a significant association in Chinese, Korean and Brazilian, but not among Japanese. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis suggests that the IL-8 -251T>A polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer, especially by ethnicity (Asian and mixed populations) and country (Chinese, Korean and Brazilian).

scholarly journals Abdominal obesity and gastroesophageal cancer risk: systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Du ◽  
Khemayanto Hidayat ◽  
Bi-Min Shi
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Gastric Cardia Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Gastroesophageal Cancer ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Increased Risk

To systematically and quantitatively review the relation of abdominal obesity, as measured by waist circumference (WC) and waist to hip ratio (WHR), to total gastroesophageal cancer, gastric cancer (GC), and esophageal cancer. PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for studies assessing the association between abdominal obesity and gastroesophageal cancer (GC and/or esophageal cancer) up to August 2016. A random-effect model was used to calculate the summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Seven prospective cohort studies – one publication included two separate cohorts – from six publications were included in the final analysis. A total of 2130 gastroesophageal cancer cases diagnosed amongst 913182 participants. Higher WC and WHR were significantly associated with increased risk of total gastroesophageal cancer (WC: RR 1.68, 95% CI: 1.38, 2.04; WHR: RR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.19, 1.88), GC (WC: RR 1.48, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.78; WHR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.70), and esophageal cancer (WC: RR 2.06, 95% CI: 1.30, 3.24; WHR: RR 1.99, 95% CI: 1.05, 3.75).Findings from our subgroup analyses showed non-significant positive associations between gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma (GNCA) and both measures of abdominal adiposity, while gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) was positively associated with WC but not with WHR. On analysis restricted to studies that adjusted for body mass index (BMI), WC was positively associated with GC and esophageal cancer, whereas WHR was positively associated with risk of GC only. Although limited, the findings from our meta-analysis suggest the potential role of abdominal obesity in the etiology of gastric and esophageal cancers.

Association of smokeless tobacco and cerebrovascular accident: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global data

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. e150-e157 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Gupta ◽  
S Gupta ◽  
S Sharma ◽  
D N Sinha ◽  
R Mehrotra
Keyword(s):  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Fatal Stroke ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Gender Based

Abstract Background The association of smokeless tobacco (SLT) with stroke has been dealt with in only a few reviews. The present meta-analysis aims to present the updated comprehensive summary risk of stroke in adult SLT users along with sub group analysis. Methods A systematic literature search for articles evaluating risk of stroke in SLT users was conducted. The study characteristics and risk estimates were extracted independently by two authors (RG and SG). Random-effect model was used to estimate the summary relative risks. Results The overall risk of stroke in SLT users was found to be significantly higher (1.17, 95% CI 1.04–1.30) compared to non-users, especially for users in Southeast Asian region. The results remained unchanged even after strict adjustment for smoking (1.18, 95% CI 1.04–1.32). SLT users had 1.34 times or 13.4% higher risk of fatal stroke, though risk of nonfatal stroke was not enhanced. Significantly higher risk of stroke was seen in users of chewing tobacco (1.35, 95% CI 1.20–1.50) in comparison to non-chewers. Gender-based analysis showed enhanced risk of fatal stroke in both male and female users. SLT-attributable fraction of fatal stroke was highest for India at 14.8%. Conclusion The significant higher risk of stroke with SLT use, even after adjustment for smoking, emphasizes the imperative need to include SLT cessation advice for control and prevention of stroke.

scholarly journals Association between metabolic syndrome and venous thromboembolism after total joint arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of cohort studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yipei Yang ◽  
Ziyue Li ◽  
Haifeng Liang ◽  
Jing Tian
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Joint Arthroplasty ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Subgroup Analyses

Abstract Objective Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been associated with hypercoagulative status. However, previous studies evaluating the association between MetS and incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) showed inconsistent results. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the influence of MetS on the risk of VTE following TJA. Methods Cohort studies were identified by the search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane’s Library databases. A random-effect model was used if considerable heterogeneity was detected; otherwise, a fixed-effect model was used. Subgroup analyses according to the category of VTE, definition of MetS, category of procedure, and follow-up durations were performed. Results Seven cohort studies with 1,341,457 patients that underwent TJA were included, with 118,060 MetS patients (8.8%) at baseline. With a follow-up duration up to 3 months after surgery, 9788 patients had VTE. Pooled results with a random-effect model showed that MetS was not associated with increased overall VTE after TJA (adjusted risk ratio [RR] = 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89 ~ 1.72, p = 0.20; I2 = 69%). The results were not significantly affected by the diagnostic criteria of MetS, category of the procedure, and follow-up durations. Subgroup analyses showed that MetS was not associated with an increased the risk of pulmonary embolism ([PE], RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.37 ~ 3.02, p = 0.91), but an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after TJA (RR 3.38, 95% CI 1.83 ~ 6.24, p < 0.001). Conclusions Current evidence from observational studies suggests MetS might be associated with an increased risk of DVT but not PE after TJA.

scholarly journals Head Injury and Parkinson Disease: Updated Evidence from Meta-Analysis Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
yanhu ji ◽  
Junjun Xue ◽  
Yuhuan Ling ◽  
Chunhan Shen ◽  
Niannian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Analysis Study ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Unconscious State

Abstract Background Published studies on head injury and Parkinson's risk(PD) were inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis study to explore the association.Methods We retrieved articles published in English from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and ScienceDirect between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 2019. The pooled effect of head injury and PD risk was calculated by a random effect model.Results In the meta-analysis, there were 21 studies, including 214763 individuals and 39209 PD patients. The pooled OR estimates(ORs) showed an increased risk of PD was correlated with head injury(OR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.29–1.66). Considering the unconscious state, head injury with LOC showed significant association with PD(OR = 1.49, 95%CI 1.28–1.74). However, head injury without LOC had no significant association with PD (OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.29–1.12). Sensitivity analysis showed that, when any one study was excluded, the results did not change significantly.Conclusions Our research shows that head injury was associated with PD risk.This study provides a basis and reference for further study on head injury and PD.

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