Serum Concentrations, Therapeutic Response and Side Effects in Children and Adolescents with Impulsive-Aggressive Symptoms during Risperidone Therapy

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (02) ◽  
pp. 58-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Klampfl ◽  
R. Taurines ◽  
A. Preuss ◽  
R. Burger ◽  
S. Rothenhöfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
Serum Concentrations

Tardive Dyskinesia: A Concern for the Pediatrician

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-556
Author(s):  
HARVEY S. SINGER
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Behavior Disorders ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Extrapyramidal Side Effects ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Neuroleptic Therapy

Antipsychotic drugs, such as the phenothiazines (chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, thioridazine), butyrophenones (haloperiodol), and diphenylbutylpiperidines (pimozide) are used in children and adolescents to treat a variety of clinical entities including psychoses, tics, behavior disorders, and movement problems. Because virtually all of these drugs have a potential to affect body movements and posture, they have also been termed neuroleptics.1 Most physicians are aware of the more common acute extrapyramidal side effects of these drugs, such as oculogyria, pseudoparkinsonism, dystonia, and restlessness (akathisia). Despite the widespread use of neuroleptics, however, little is known about the long-term neurologic consequences of such treatment. Of particular concern, based originally on data in adults, is the risk of severe and persistent tardive dyskinesia developing in persons receiving neuroleptic therapy.

scholarly journals Pipamperone Population Pharmacokinetics Related to Effectiveness and Side Effects in Children and Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 1393-1405
Author(s):  
Sanne M. Kloosterboer ◽  
Karin M. Egberts ◽  
Brenda C. M. de Winter ◽  
Teun van Gelder ◽  
Manfred Gerlach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Population Pharmacokinetics

scholarly journals Effectiveness and Tolerability of Methylphenidate in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. CMT.S6615
Author(s):  
Caroline Bodey
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Immediate Release ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cardiovascular Side Effects

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common condition and important for the affected individual, their family and society. It manifests with pervasive symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention. In many children with ADHD these symptoms persist into adolescence and adulthood. Drug treatment with psychostimulants, including methylphenidate, is an important part of a comprehensive treatment plan for children with severe ADHD that includes psychosocial, behavioural and educational advice and interventions. Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant, whose mechanism of action is thought to be due to an increase in catecholamines in areas of the brain concerned with motivation and reward. Methylphendiate is available in short acting (immediate release) and longer acting (modified release) forms. Pharmacotherapy for ADHD is in three stages: initiation, maintenance and termination. The efficacy of methylphenidate in terms of reducing core symptoms is 70% as compared to placebo. This efficacy is maintained for at least 24 months. Methylphenidate generally has a favourable side effect profile. The most significant side effects include appetite suppression with an initial deceleration in height velocity, cardiovascular side effects that are not clinically significant in children with no adverse cardiac history, and tics. Methylphenidate is generally well tolerated and liked by children and adolescents with ADHD, who appreciate the benefits that medication has on their behaviour.

scholarly journals Endothelin-1 Serum Concentration is Lower in Children and Adolescents with High Myopia, a Preliminary Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1327
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Powierza ◽  
Beata Żelazowska-Rutkowska ◽  
Jolanta Sawicka-Powierza ◽  
Bożena Mikołuć ◽  
Beata Urban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weak Negative Correlation ◽  
Preliminary Study

The aim of this study is to evaluate the levels of enothelin-1 (ET-1) in children and adolescents with high myopia and its association with the axial length of the eye and the presence of myopic retinal degeneration. The cross-sectional study was carried out in 57 patients with high myopia and 29 control subjects. Serum concentrations of ET-1 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. A significantly lower concentration of ET-1 in highly myopic patients compared to controls was found (1.47 (0.91; 1.87) vs. 1.94 (1.1; 2.69) pg/mL, p = 0.005). In patients with high myopia, a weak negative correlation between ET-1 concentration and the longest axial length out of the two eyes was found (r = −0.255, p = 0.0558). Further analysis revealed statistically significant differences in ET-1 concentration between patients with the axial length of the eye > 26 and ≤ 26 mm (p < 0.041) and patients with the axial length of the eye > 26 mm and controls (p < 0.001). ET-1 expression is disturbed in highly myopic children and adolescents. Lower ET-1 concentration in patients with the axial length of the eye > 26 mm may co-occur with high myopia and should be considered a risk factor in the pathophysiology of high myopia progression.

scholarly journals Fluoxetine in the Management of Major Depressive Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2020 ◽  
pp. 001857872092538
Author(s):  
Ayman Antoun Reyad ◽  
Kiran Plaha ◽  
Eriny Girgis ◽  
Raafat Mishriky
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background: Fluoxetine is a serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitor antidepressant and is the only approved pharmacological treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) in children and adolescent. Methods: We searched the published randomized controlled-trials to review fluoxetine efficacy and tolerability using the databases PubMed, EudraCT, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for fluoxetine role in managing MDD in children and adolescents. A meta-analysis was conducted using the identified 7 clinical trials to assess efficacy using the outcomes: Children's Depression Rating Scale–Revised (CDRS-R), Clinical Global Impressions–Severity of Illness (CGI-S) and Clinical Global Impressions–Improvement (CGI-I) response rate. The risk of discontinuation due to adverse effects and common side effects were examined. Results: The mean difference in change from baseline for CDRS-R was −2.72 (95% confidence interval [CI], −3.96, −1.48) favoring fluoxetine treatment ( P < .001). Similarly, mean difference for CGI-S was −0.21 (95% CI, −0.36, −0.06). The risk ratio (RR) of discontinuing due to adverse events was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.54, 1.83), with RR for headache side effects 1.34 (95% CI, 1.03, 1.74) and rash 2.6 (95% CI, 1.32, 5.14). Conclusion: Fluoxetine demonstrates significant improvements in symptom intensity control in young patients suffering from MDD and is considered well tolerated with similar rates of trials discontinuation; however, fluoxetine was associated with a higher risk of headache and rash side effects. These findings will guide psychiatrists and pharmacists in their clinical role for supporting the care of young mental health patients.

A Clinical Evaluation of a Delayed Release Preparation of Metformin

1973 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 551-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
I W Campbell ◽  
B F Clarke ◽  
L J P Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
Daily Administration ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Delayed Release ◽  
Release Preparation ◽  
Sulphonylurea Treatment

The efficacy of a delayed release preparation of metformin (‘Obin’)† has been evaluated in 60 diabetic patients either obese and uncontrolled by diet alone or true primary or secondary failures to sulphonylurea treatment. The results show no difference in the therapeutic response between single and twice daily administration of ‘Obin’; likewise there was no difference in frequency of side-effects.

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