Ruthenium-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of α,ω-Diynes and Selenocyanates: An Entry to Selenopyridine Derivatives

Synthesis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 2532-2541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Tran ◽  
Mansour Haddad ◽  
Virginie Ratovelomanana-Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Ruthenium Complex ◽  
Synthetic Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Snar Reaction ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Post Functionalization

A novel synthetic method for the preparation of selenopyridine derivatives, involving a [2+2+2] cycloaddition of α,ω-diynes and selenocyanates that is catalyzed by a ruthenium complex is described. This mild and straightforward reaction allows access to a wide range of selenopyridines with high yields and excellent regioselectivities, using dichloromethane or dichloroethane as solvents, at either 50 or 80 °C. Post-functionalization of halogenated cycloadducts via cyanation using copper and SNAr reaction provides substituted selenopyridines with good yields.

Stereospecific, Palladium-catalyzed C(sp3)–H Alkenylation and Alkynylation of a Proline Derivative Enabled by 8-Aminoquinoline as a Directing Group

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Balliu ◽  
Aaltje Roelofje Femmigje Strijker ◽  
Michael Oschmann ◽  
Monireh Pourghasemi Lati ◽  
Oscar Verho
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Palladium Catalyzed ◽  
Directing Group ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Vinyl Iodides ◽  
Initial Results

<p>In this preprint, we present our initial results concerning a stereospecific Pd-catalyzed protocol for the C3 alkenylation and alkynylation of a proline derivative carrying the well utilized 8‑aminoquinoline directing group. Efficient C–H alkenylation was achieved with a wide range of vinyl iodides bearing different aliphatic, aromatic and heteroaromatic substituents, to furnish the corresponding C3 alkenylated products in good to high yields. In addition, we were able show that this protocol can also be used to install an alkynyl group into the pyrrolidine scaffold, when a TIPS-protected alkynyl bromide was used as the reaction partner. Furthermore, two different methods for the removal of the 8-aminoquinoline auxiliary are reported, which can enable access to both <i>cis</i>- and <i>trans</i>-configured carboxylic acid building blocks from the C–H alkenylation products.</p>

Synthetic and Mechanistic Studies of a Versatile Heteroaryl Thioether Directing Group for Pd(II) Catalysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Romine ◽  
Kin Yang ◽  
Malkanthi Karunananda ◽  
Jason Chen ◽  
Keary Engle
Keyword(s):  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Salvianolic Acid ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Computational Data ◽  
Synthetic Utility ◽  
Directing Group ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Julia Olefination ◽  
Reaction Progress Kinetic Analysis

A weakly coordinating monodentate heteroaryl thioether directing group has been developed for use in Pd(II) catalysis to orchestrate key elementary steps in the catalytic cycle that require conformational flexibility in a manner that is difficult to accomplish with traditional strongly coordinating directing groups. This benzothiazole thioether, (BT)S, directing group can be used to promote oxidative Heck reactivity of internal alkenes providing a wide range of products in moderate to high yields. To demonstrate the broad applicability of this directing group, arene C–H olefination was also successfully developed. Reaction progress kinetic analysis provides insights into the role of the directing group in each reaction, which is supplemented with computational data for the oxidative Heck reaction. Furthermore, this (BT)S directing group can be transformed into a number of synthetically useful functional groups, including a sulfone for Julia olefination, allowing it to serve as a “masked olefin” directing group in synthetic planning. In order to demonstrate this synthetic utility, natural products (+)-salvianolic acid A and salvianolic acid F are formally synthesized using the (BT)S directed C–H olefination as the key step.

scholarly journals A post-functionalization toolbox for diazonium (electro)-grafted surfaces: review of the coupling methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Gautier ◽  
Isidoro López ◽  
Tony Breton
Keyword(s):  
Coupling Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
2D Nanomaterials ◽  
Post Functionalization

Tailored 2D-nanomaterials can be prepared from diazonium electrografted surfaces through a wide range of post-functionalization approaches.

scholarly journals Access to P-stereogenic compounds via desymmetrizing enantioselective bromination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu-Hong Huang ◽  
Qian-Yi Zhou ◽  
Chen Yang ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Jin-Pei Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphine Oxides ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Yields

A highly efficient desymmetrizing asymmetric bromination of bisphenol phosphine oxides was developed, providing a wide range of chiral bisphenol phosphine oxides and bisphenol phosphinates with high yields and enantioselectivities.

The chemistry of stabilized clusters

1982 ◽  
Vol 308 (1501) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Donor ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Metal Cluster ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Insertion Reactions ◽  
Donor Ligand ◽  
Small Organic Molecules ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metal Metal ◽  
High Yields

Studies of the chemistry of metal cluster complexes and, in particular, their reactions with small organic molecules, have been confined to relatively few systems. Among the reasons for this are: (i) not many clusters are easily synthesized in high yields; (ii) their reactions often give a multitude of products that are difficult to separate and characterize; (iii) the conditions required to bring about reactions often lead to fragmentation of the cluster into lower nuclearity (often mononuclear) species. One cluster whose chemistry has been extensively studied is [Os 3 H 2 (CO) 10 ]. This can be synthesized in high yields from [Os 3 (CO) 12 ] + H 2 (Knox et al. 1975) and reacts readily under mild conditions with a wide range of electron-donor molecules by virtue of its coordinative unsaturation (Shapley et al. 1975; Deeming & Hasso 1976; Adams & Golembeski 1979). Formally, one may consider that a metal—metal double bond is present, which is reduced to a single bond on coordination of an additional two-electron donor ligand such as an organophosphine. The presence of metal—hydrogen bonds in this cluster and the cluster’s ability to coordinate organic substrates enable it to undergo a wide variety of insertion reactions, leading to products that may be regarded as intermediates in the reduction of organic molecules by clusters (Deeming & Hasso 1975; Keister & Shapley 1975).

Cholinium-amino acid based ionic liquids: a new method of synthesis and physico-chemical characterization

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (32) ◽  
pp. 20687-20698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena De Santis ◽  
Giancarlo Masci ◽  
Francesco Casciotta ◽  
Ruggero Caminiti ◽  
Eleonora Scarpellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
New Method ◽  
Room Temperature Ionic Liquids ◽  
Synthetic Method ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wide Range

Fourteen cholinium-amino acid based room temperature ionic liquids were prepared using a cleaner synthetic method. Chemicophysical properties were well correlated with the wide range of amino acid chemical structures.

Synthesis of 1,2,3–triazole compounds by click chemistry in aqueous medium and evaluation of bactericidal and antitumoral properties.

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Lima Zanin ◽  
David Esteban Quintero Jimenez ◽  
Willian Garcia Birolli ◽  
Tiago Venâncio ◽  
Talita Alvarenga Valdes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Click Chemistry ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Antitumoral Activity ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
Triazole Derivatives ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Water As Solvent ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Screening Study ◽  
High Yields

Background: Triazoles are heterocyclic synthetic compounds that have gained relevance after studies by Sharpless on regioselective methodologies for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives. In addition, they have a wide range of biological properties. Objective: The objective of this study is to develop a synthetic methodology aligned with the principles of click chemistry for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives and verify the profile of these compounds in biological assays. Methods: Initially, a model reaction was selected and an optimization study involving synthetic conditions was carried out. Using the most efficient condition, a series of compounds was developed by the reactions between 2-azido-1-phenylethan-1-one derivatives and terminal alkynes. In sequence, bactericidal and antitumoral assays were performed. Results: It was possible to synthesise ten examples using water as a sustainable solvent, in 1 hour, with good yields of 73–99%, including three compounds described for the first time. Two products presented bactericidal activity, one against the gram-negative Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and other against the gram-positive Paenibacillus alvei CBMAI 2221. Moreover, other two triazole derivatives presented antitumoral activity for prostate and pancreas cancer cells in this screening study with the bioactivity quantified for compound 1-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-(4-(p-tolyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)ethan-1-one (IC50 = 132 µM). Conclusion: Herein, an efficient methodology for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives with high yields and using water as solvent was developed. Furthermore, some compounds presented positive results to bactericidal and antitumoral assays, justifying further exploration of these novel compounds and their biological properties.

scholarly journals Growth, Phenolics, Photosynthetic Pigments, and Antioxidant Response of Two New Genotypes of Sea Asparagus (Salicornia neei Lag.) to Salinity under Greenhouse and Field Conditions

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel de Souza ◽  
Carlos Mendes ◽  
Kennia Doncato ◽  
Eliana Badiale-Furlong ◽  
César Costa
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Flavonoid Quercetin ◽  
High Yields

Small succulent halophytic shrubs of the genera Salicornia and Sarcocornia (Salicornioideae, Amaranthaceae) are commonly named sea asparagus and consumed worldwide as green salad in gourmet food, as conserves, and beverages. Their shoots are rich in bioactive compounds and plants show high yields in a wide range of salinities, but little is known about how salt cultivation conditions affect their chemical composition. Two genotypes (BTH1 and BTH2) of the Brazilian sea asparagus Salicornia neei Lag. were evaluated for salt tolerance and changes in shoot concentrations of organic metabolites and antioxidant activity under different salt exposure in both greenhouse and field conditions. All greenhouse plants received full strength modified Hoagland solution in deionized water with a basic electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.7 dS m−1, and with NaCl concentrations (in mM) of ~0.1 (control), 34, 86, 171, 513, and 769. After fifty days of cultivation, both S. neei genotypes showed high salt tolerance and grew better under low salinities (34–86 mM NaCl) than under control salinity. Shoots of BTH1 genotype appeared to be undergoing lignification and used their high carotenoid content to dissipate the oxidative power, and the zeaxanthin content and de-epoxidation state of xanthophylls (DES) were positively affected by salinity. Under increasing salinity, BTH2 genotype had higher relative content of chlorophyll b, which may have lowered the plant photo-oxidation rate, and increased shoot concentration of the flavonoid quercetin (up to 11.6 μg g−1 dw at 769 mM NaCl), leading to higher antioxidant capacity. In the field experiment, after 154 days of irrigation with saline (213 mM NaCl) shrimp farm effluent, BTH2 plants grew taller, produced more metabolites (e.g., total phenolics, total free flavonoids, quercetin, and protocatechuic acid) and had a greater antioxidant capacity of shoots than that of BTH1 plants and that of traditional crops irrigated with fresh water. Yield and bioactive compound composition of S. neei genotypes’ shoots can be enhanced by cultivation under moderate saline conditions.

scholarly journals Towards Blue AIE/AIEE: Synthesis and Applications in OLEDs of Tetra-/Triphenylethenyl Substituted 9,9-Dimethylacridine Derivatives

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Cekaviciute ◽  
Aina Petrauskaite ◽  
Sohrab Nasiri ◽  
Jurate Simokaitiene ◽  
Dmytro Volyniuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
Yellow Emission ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Television System ◽  
Fluorescence Quantum Yields ◽  
Deep Blue ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cyano Groups ◽  
High Yields

Aiming to design blue fluorescent emitters with high photoluminescence quantum yields in solid-state, nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic 9,9-dimethylacridine was refined by tetraphenylethene and triphenylethene. Six tetra-/triphenylethene-substituted 9,9-dimethylacridines were synthesized by the Buchwald-Hartwig method with relatively high yields. Showing effects of substitution patterns, all emitters demonstrated high fluorescence quantum yields of 26–53% in non-doped films and 52–88% in doped films due to the aggregation induced/enhanced emission (AIE/AIEE) phenomena. In solid-state, the emitters emitted blue (451–481 nm) without doping and deep-blue (438–445 nm) with doping while greenish-yellow emission was detected for two compounds with additionally attached cyano-groups. The ionization potentials of the derivatives were found to be in the relatively wide range of 5.43–5.81 eV since cyano-groups were used in their design. Possible applications of the emitters were demonstrated in non-doped and doped organic light-emitting diodes with up to 2.3 % external quantum efficiencies for simple fluorescent devices. In the best case, deep-blue electroluminescence with chromaticity coordinates of (0.16, 0.10) was close to blue color standard (0.14, 0.08) of the National Television System Committee.

Heat stress effects on source–sink relationships and metabolome dynamics in wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Abdelrahman ◽  
David J Burritt ◽  
Aarti Gupta ◽  
Hisashi Tsujimoto ◽  
Lam-Son Phan Tran
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Source Sink

Abstract Crops such as wheat (Triticum spp.) are predicted to face more frequent exposures to heat stress as a result of climate change. Increasing the yield and sustainability of yield under such stressful conditions has long been a major target of wheat breeding, and this goal is becoming increasingly urgent as the global population increases. Exposure of wheat plants in their reproductive or grain-filling stage to high temperature affects the duration and rate of grain filling, and hence has a negative impact on wheat productivity. Therefore, understanding the plasticity of the response to heat stress that exists between wheat genotypes, especially in source–sink relationships at the reproductive and grain-filling stages, is critical for the selection of germplasm that can maintain high yields under heat stress. A broad understanding of metabolic dynamics and the relationships between metabolism and heat tolerance is required in order to achieve this goal. Here, we review the current literature concerning the effects of heat stress on sink–source relationships in a wide range of wheat genotypes, and highlight the current metabolomic approaches that are used to investigate high temperature responses in wheat.

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