Morphologic Characteristics of the Submandibular Salivary Gland of the Collared Peccary (Tayassu Tajacu)

Introduction Most salivary glands is located on the inside and around the oral cavity, and are divided into major and minor salivary glands. The aim of the present study was to describe the structural and ultrastructural morphological characteristics of the lingual tissue of the submandibular glands of the collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu). Materials and Methods The submandibular glands (n = 10) of adult male collared peccaries ( T. tajacu) were used for histological and ultrastructural analysis. The techniques used were light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results The submandibular salivary glands of the collared peccary (T. tajacu) showed a capsule formed by a connective tissue containing the acinus and duct cells. Histologically, the nuclei located at the basal region of the cells was observed. The light polarized microscopy clearly showed the presence of type I and type III collagen. In the SEM image, the submandibular salivary gland revealed a round aspect separated in several lobules with bundles of collagen fibers. The vibratome sections showed the groupings of acinar cells, with intermingled secretory ducts containing vessels of different diameters. The secretory granules were noted in the apical portion of the acinar and ductal cells. The thick bundles of collagen fibers formed a glandular capsule and were identified around of the acinar and ductal cells in three-dimensional SEM images. The TEM images showed a number of secretory granules, especially in the apical region of the cytoplasm of the acinar cells and in the basal portion of the nuclei. The granular endoplasmic reticulum area, the euchromatic nuclei and the cytoplasmic projections may be seen. Mucous acinar cells separated by fine collagen fibers were also observed. Conclusion The morphological characteristics of the submandibular gland of the collared peccary is similar to that of other mammals with the same eating habits and habitat.

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Neurofibromin expression by normal salivary glands

Head & Face Medicine ◽

10.1186/s13005-021-00256-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Eloá Borges Luna ◽

Pâmella Pinho Montovani ◽

Rafaela Elvira Rozza-de-Menezes ◽

Karin Soares Cunha

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Salivary Glands ◽

Acinar Cells ◽

Staining Intensity ◽

Neurofibromatosis 1 ◽

Tissue Type ◽

Sublingual Gland ◽

Minor Salivary Glands ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Ductal Cells

AbstractIntroductionNeurofibromin, a protein encoded by theNF1gene, is mutated in neurofibromatosis 1, one of the most common genetic diseases. Oral manifestations are common and a high prevalence of hyposalivation was recently described in individuals with neurofibromatosis 1. Although neurofibromin is ubiquitously expressed, its expression levels vary depending on the tissue type and developmental stage of the organism. The role of neurofibromin in the development, morphology, and physiology of salivary glands is unknown and a detailed expression of neurofibromin in human normal salivary glands has never been investigated.AimTo investigate the expression levels and distribution of neurofibromin in acinar and ductal cells of major and minor salivary glands of adult individuals without NF1.Material and methodTen samples of morphologically normal major and minor salivary glands (three samples of each gland: parotid, submandibular and minor salivary; and one sample of sublingual gland) from individuals without neurofibromatosis 1 were selected to assess neurofibromin expression through immunohistochemistry. Immunoquantification was performed by a digital method.ResultsNeurofibromin was expressed in the cytoplasm of both serous and mucous acinar cells, as well as in ducts from all the samples of salivary glands. Staining intensity varied from mild to strong depending on the type of salivary gland and region (acini or ducts). Ducts had higher neurofibromin expression than acinar cells (p = 0.003). There was no statistical association between the expression of neurofibromin and the type of the salivary gland, considering acini (p = 0.09) or ducts (p = 0.50) of the four salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, minor salivary, and sublingual gland). Similar results were obtained comparing the acini (p = 0.35) and ducts (p = 0.50) of minor and major salivary glands. Besides, there was no correlation between the expression of neurofibromin and age (p = 0.08), and sex (p = 0.79) of the individuals, considering simultaneously the neurofibromin levels of acini and duct (n = 34).ConclusionNeurofibromin is expressed in the cytoplasm of serous and mucous acinar cells, and ductal cells of salivary glands, suggesting that this protein is important for salivary gland function.

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Alimentary Canal of the Adult Blow Fly,Chrysomya megacephala(F.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)—Part I: Ultrastructure of Salivary Glands

Journal of Parasitology Research ◽

10.1155/2012/382917 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Worachote Boonsriwong ◽

Kabkaew L. Sukontason ◽

Tarinee Chaiwong ◽

Urai Chaisri ◽

Roy C. Vogtsberger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Salivary Gland ◽

Salivary Glands ◽

Basal Lamina ◽

Secretory Granules ◽

Gross Anatomy ◽

Ultrastructural Level ◽

Blow Fly ◽

Chrysomya Megacephala ◽

Sem Image

The salivary gland ultrastructure of the adult male blow fly,Chrysomya megacephala(F.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), was investigated at the ultrastructural level using light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The salivary glands are paired structures composed of a single median deferent duct bifurcated into two long, narrow efferent ducts connected to the coiled tubular glands. The SEM image of the gland surface revealed that the basal lamina is relatively smooth in general, but the whole surface appeared as a trace of rough swollen insertion by intense tracheal ramification. Ultrastructurally, the salivary gland is enclosed within the basal lamina, and interdigitation cytoplasmic extensions were apparent between the adjacent gland cells. The basement membrane appeared infoldings that is similar to the complex of the labyrinth channel. The cytoplasm characteristic of the gland revealed high activity, based on the abundance of noticeable secretory granules, either singly or in an aggregated reservoir. In addition, mitochondria were found to intersperse among rich parallel of arrays rough endoplasmic reticulum. Thick cuticle, which was well-delineated and electron dense, apically lined the gland compartments, with discontinuity of the double-layer cuticle revealing a trace of secretion discharged into the lumen. Gross anatomy of the adult salivary gland was markedly different from that of the third instar of the same species, and structural dissimilarity is discussed briefly.

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Cytokeratin polypeptide expression during the histogenesis of guinea pig submandibular salivary gland

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.100.4.699 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 100 (4) ◽

pp. 699-711

Author(s):

G. Marshak ◽

O. Leitner ◽

B. Geiger

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Salivary Gland ◽

Guinea Pig ◽

Salivary Glands ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Submandibular Salivary Gland ◽

Basal Cells ◽

Ductal Cells ◽

Terminal Buds

The present study was directed towards the characterization of cell-specific histogenetic markers for the various epithelial elements of the adult and the developing guinea pig submandibular salivary gland. We have employed immunofluorescent labelling using three cytokeratin monoclonal antibodies, for which the polypeptide specificities towards guinea pig cytokeratins were determined. All the epithelial elements of the adult gland were positively labelled with two monoclonal antibodies, namely KG 8.13 (‘broad spectrum’ anti-cytokeratin) and antibody Ks B.18 (reactive with a simple cytokeratin-specific polypeptide of 49 X 10(3) Mr). Antibody KS 8.58 (reactive with a guinea pig cytokeratin polypeptide of 50 X 10(3) Mr) labelled the basal cells of the large ducts, as well as the myoepithelium. During development of the gland, the submandibular anlage and its primary and secondary branches with their terminal buds, were uniformly labelled with the three antibodies; however, the cytokeratin polypeptides reactive with antibody KS 8.58, which were apparently expressed in all cells of the developing ducts, gradually disappear from most of the ductal cells, starting at about 6 weeks of gestation, and remain only in the basal or reserve cells of the large ducts and the myoepithelium. These observations support the notion that the basal cells retain at least some of the properties of the embryonic glandular epithelium and could be considered as pluripotent reserve cells which may function as progenitors for other epithelial elements in the salivary glands epithelia.

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УЛЬТРАМІКРОСКОПІЧНІ ПРОЯВИ У СТРУКТУРІ ПІДНИЖНЬОЩЕЛЕПНОЇ СЛИННОЇ ЗАЛОЗИ НАПРИКІНЦІ 4-ГО ТИЖНЯ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОГО ОПІОЇДНОГО ВПЛИВУ

Science Review ◽

10.31435/rsglobal_sr/30042020/7049 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 3-6

Author(s):

Mykhalevych Marta

Keyword(s):

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Salivary Gland ◽

Experimental Research ◽

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Secretory Granules ◽

Acinar Cells ◽

Secretory Protein ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Submandibular Salivary Gland ◽

Apical Area

This publication demonstrates the ultrastructural changes of the submandibular salivary gland under the opioid effect at the 4th week of the experimental research. After 28 days of experimental opioid effect, we found that in exocrinocytes of the end secretory departments of acinar cells revealed the destruction of organelles, especially granular and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, as well as reducing the content of secretory granules in the apical area of glandulocytes. In some exocrinocytes, as a result of the increase in destructive changes, a decrease in the volume of the nucleus was noted, which moved to the peripheral parts of the cell. Necrotic changes developed in individual exocrinocytes of the final secretory protein divisions. In such cells, the nucleus was reduced in volume, filled with heterochromatin.

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Qualitative ultrastructural analysis of the submandibular salivary glands after administration of khat: in vivo study

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-021-05595-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gamilah Al-Qadhi ◽

Rabab Mubarak

Keyword(s):

Salivary Glands ◽

Arabian Peninsula ◽

Submandibular Salivary Gland ◽

Catha Edulis ◽

Ductal Cells ◽

Cytoplasmic Vacuoles ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Salivary Gland Cells ◽

Submandibular Salivary Glands

Abstract Objective Khat (Catha edulis Forssk) plant has been widely chewed for its psychostimulatory effects in the African and Arabian Peninsula, particularly in Yemen. Considering the khat leaves are gradually chewed without swallowing, while its active constituents are extracted into saliva, studying the effect of khat on salivary glands is necessary. This work is an extension of the previously published work that studied the effect of khat extract on the rats' submandibular salivary glands in terms of histological and immunohistochemical evaluations. The current research note aimed to better understand this effect on the ultrastructure of submandibular salivary gland cells by using transmission electron microscope. Results Oral administration of khat extract produced degenerative changes in the secretory and ductal cells of rats' submandibular salivary glands. These changes involved irregular boundaries of variable sized-nuclei, dilated RER, cytoplasmic vacuoles as well as swollen and degenerated mitochondria.

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The determination of specificity, sensitivity and accuracy of core needle biopsy in the diagnosis of parotid and submandibular salivary glands tumors

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp170320001o ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 76 (9) ◽

pp. 921-928

Author(s):

Aleksandar Oroz ◽

Zorana Bokun ◽

Djordje Antonijevic ◽

Jasna Jevdjic

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Salivary Glands ◽

Core Needle Biopsy ◽

Needle Biopsy ◽

Tumor Tissue ◽

Submandibular Salivary Gland ◽

Histopathological Analysis ◽

Core Needle ◽

Parotid Salivary Gland ◽

Submandibular Salivary Glands

Background/Aim. The diagnosis of tumors of salivary glands relies heavily on radiological examination and biopsy of pathological tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of core needle biopsy in diagnosis of tumors of parotid and submandibular glands. Methods. This study was designed as a crosssectional clinical trial performed between May 2008 and ?ay 2015 at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Center Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia. The examinations included 200 patients among which 100 were diagnosed with tumors of parotid salivary glands and 100 with tumors of submandibular salivary glands. The core needle biopsy was undertaken in all cases where tumor was smaller than 2 cm, far from blood vessels and far from the deep layer of parotid gland. The histopathological analysis was performed to identify histological type of the lesion. Upon performing the surgical procedure and consequently the tumor tissue extirpation, tissue samples obtained were investigated for the definitive diagnosis. Results. The sensitivity of the procedure was 90.9% for parotid salivary gland and 74% for submandibular salivary gland, the specificity was 95.9% for parotid salivary gland and 93% for submandibular salivary gland and the accuracy was 94.7% for parotid salivary gland and 87% for submandibular salivary gland. Based on the histopathological findings of the salivary glands obtained using core needle biopsy of the tumor tissue, it was possible to differentiate between malignant and benign lesions. Conclusion. Current investigation points to the advantages and efficiency of core needle biopsy in diagnosis of tumors of parotid and submandibular salivary glands.

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SPM Receptor Expression and Localization in Irradiated Salivary Glands

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1369/00221554211031678 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 69 (8) ◽

pp. 523-534

Author(s):

Harim Tavares dos Santos ◽

Kihoon Nam ◽

Jason P. Hunt ◽

Luke O. Buchmann ◽

Marcus M. Monroe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radiation Therapy ◽

Salivary Gland ◽

Salivary Glands ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Lipid Mediator ◽

Resolution Of Inflammation ◽

Ductal Cells ◽

Alternative Measures ◽

And Function

Radiation therapy–mediated salivary gland destruction is characterized by increased inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis, both of which ultimately lead to salivary gland hypofunction. However, current treatments (e.g., artificial saliva and sialagogues) only promote temporary relief of symptoms. As such, developing alternative measures against radiation damage is critical for restoring salivary gland structure and function. One promising option for managing radiation therapy–mediated damage in salivary glands is by activation of specialized proresolving lipid mediator receptors due to their demonstrated role in resolution of inflammation and fibrosis in many tissues. Nonetheless, little is known about the presence and function of these receptors in healthy and/or irradiated salivary glands. Therefore, the goal of this study was to detect whether these specialized proresolving lipid mediator receptors are expressed in healthy salivary glands and, if so, if they are maintained after radiation therapy–mediated damage. Our results indicate that specialized proresolving lipid mediator receptors are heterogeneously expressed in inflammatory as well as in acinar and ductal cells within human submandibular glands and that their expression persists after radiation therapy. These findings suggest that epithelial cells as well as resident immune cells represent potential targets for modulation of resolution of inflammation and fibrosis in irradiated salivary glands.

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Human Kallikrein 14 (Klk14) Expression in Salivary Gland Tumors

The International Journal of Biological Markers ◽

10.1177/172460081002500105 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 32-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Nelly N. Hashem ◽

Thomas W. Mara ◽

Mohamed Mohamed ◽

Irene Zhang ◽

Kevin Fung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Salivary Glands ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Staining Technique ◽

Tumor Stage ◽

Salivary Gland Tumors ◽

Immunoperoxidase Staining ◽

Clinical Parameters ◽

Ductal Cells

Objective To analyze the expression of human kallikrein 14 (KLK14) in salivary gland tumors. Methods A standard immunoperoxidase staining technique was used to assess the expression profile of KLK14 in normal salivary glands and tumors including pleomorphic adenoma (PA; n=17), adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC; n=13) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC; n=9). Tumor stage, grade, patient age and gender, and site of occurrence were recorded. These clinical parameters were correlated with KLK14 levels in malignant tumors. The expression profiles for KLK3, 5, 6, 8 and 13 were also retrieved. Results Normal salivary glands, PA, ACC and MEC showed strong expression of KLK14 in ductal and non-ductal cells. Both PA and ACC showed higher KLK14 levels than normal glands and MEC tissues. There were no statistically significant associations between levels of KLK14 and clinical parameters. Conclusions The differences in the levels of KLK14 suggest that KLKs may aid in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland tumors. The coexpression of KLKs suggests their possible involvement in an enzymatic pathway activated in salivary gland. KLK14 may be a promising new biomarker in salivary gland tumors.

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California encephalitis virus proliferation in Yukon mosquitoes incubated at low temperatures

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m76-164 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 1128-1136 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

D. M. McLean ◽

P. N. Grass ◽

B. D. Judd ◽

K. S. K. Wong

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Light Microscopy ◽

Salivary Glands ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Acinar Cells ◽

Yukon Territory ◽

Immunoperoxidase Staining ◽

Snowshoe Hare ◽

Intrathoracic Inoculation ◽

Aedes Communis

Replication of a subarctic Bunyavirus, California encephalitis (snowshoe hare subtype), was detected in salivary glands and thoraces of wild-caught Aedes communis mosquitoes from the Yukon Territory, after intrathoracic inoculation with 0.1 to 100 mouse LD50 virus, and incubation for 7 to 21 days throughout their viable temperature range of 0 to 23 °C. Immunoperoxidase staining confirmed that viral replication occurred in the cytoplasm of acinar cells of salivary glands, both by light microscopy and electron microscopy. Replication of another subarctic Bunyavirus. Northway, and a subtropical Flavivirus, Murray Valley encephalitis, was also demonstrated by infectivity titrations and immunoperoxidase reactions in salivary glands of A. communis incubated at 0, 13, and 23 °C for 7 to 21 days.

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Epigenetic Modification as a Regulatory Mechanism for Spatiotemporal Dynamics of ANO1 Expression in Salivary Glands

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20246298 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (24) ◽

pp. 6298 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yonghwan Shin ◽

Sang-Woo Lee ◽

Eun Namkoong ◽

Woojin An ◽

Jong-Ho Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Salivary Glands ◽

Differential Expression ◽

Expression Pattern ◽

Dna Methyltransferase ◽

Epigenetic Modification ◽

Critical Role ◽

Cpg Islands ◽

Ductal Cells ◽

Differential Expression Pattern

Anoctamin1 (ANO1), a calcium activated chloride channel, is known to play a critical role in salivary secretion. In the salivary gland, ANO1 is expressed exclusively in the acinar cells, with no expression in the ductal cells. However, the mechanisms that determine this distinctive cell type-dependent expression pattern of ANO1 remain unknown. In this study, we discovered that the cell-dependent expression of ANO1 during salivary gland organogenesis is regulated by DNA methylation of ANO1 CpG islands. ANO1 CpG islands in e12 embryonic submandibular glands (eSMG) are highly methylated, but those in e14 eSMG or adult SMG are significantly unmethylated. The differential expression pattern of ANO1 in duct and acini is defined at e14. Artificial demethylation by treatment with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR), induced the expression of ANO1 in both the ductal cell line Human Submandibular Gland (HSG) and in the duct cells of adult mouse SMG. During the trans-differentiation in Matrigel of duct-origin HSG cells into acinar-like phenotype, significant demethylation of ANO1 CpG islands is observed. This may be due to the reduced expression of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 3a and 3b. These results suggest that the differential expression of ANO1 in salivary glands during organogenesis and differentiation is mainly regulated by epigenetic demethylation of the ANO1 gene.

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