scholarly journals In Vivo Assessment of Zinc Deficiency on Craniofacial Growth in a Rat Model

2009 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Cankat Kara ◽  
Recep Orbak ◽  
Ilhan Metin Dagsuyu ◽  
Zerrin Orbak ◽  
Necmettin Bilici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Zinc Intake ◽  
Group I ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Rat Mandible

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low levels of zinc intake on the rat mandible and maxilla during growth and to compare these results with those of zinc-containing rats.Methods: The study was carried out on 14 Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were randomly divided into two groups. Group I rats were fed with a Zn-deficient diet, and Group II rats with a Zn-containing diet. At the end of the fourth week on the experimental diet, all the rats were killed and blood samples were taken. Serum Zn levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Then, the s ulls and mandibles were freed from soft tissues and measurements were made on the dry skulls, the mandibles, and teeth in both of the two groups.Results: The zinc-deficient group showed a significantly lower value in dry skull, mandible, and teeth measurements when compared with those of the Group II.Conclusions: Changes in zinc intake might exert an effect on the growth of craniofacial structures. A low-zinc diet during adolescence might slow bone and teeth growth and enhance the risk of oral, periodontal, and orthodontic problems in later years. (Eur J Dent 2009;3:10-15)

scholarly journals High-Fat-High-Fructose Diet Decreases Hippocampal Neuron Number in Male Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Inggita Kusumastuty ◽  
Frinny Sembiring ◽  
Sri Andarini ◽  
Dian Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Group I ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Nerve Cell Death

BACKGROUND: Consumption of foods and drinks high in energy, fat, and/or sugar beyond the recommended quantities can cause obesity, which triggers the incidence of brain nerve cell death related to oxidative stress, high levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Progressive nerve cell death causes decreasing cognitive performance. This study aims to prove that an American Institute of Nutrition committee in 1993 (AIN-93M) diet modified with high-fat-high-fructose (HFHF) can decrease the number of hippocampal neurons. A decrease in the number of hippocampal neurons indicates progressive nerve cell death.METHODS: An experimental study using a post-test control group design was carried out using male Sprague Dawley rats. Samples were selected using simple random sampling to divide them into two groups, Group I was AIN-93M-modified HFHF diet (n=14) and Group II was AIN-93M standard (n=16). The number of visible neurons was measured in the hippocampus area of Sprague Dawley rats’ brains, stained with haemotoxylin and eosin (H&E) and scanned under 400x magnification. Neurons were counted in 10 visual fields using the "Cell_Count" application.RESULTS: The data were analysed by Pearson’s correlation test using SPSS. The results show that rats in Group I had a greater weight gain and fewer neurons than those in the Group II (p=0.023, r=-0.413).CONCLUSION: The consumption of foods high in fat and fructose can cause an increase in nerve cell death, as shown by the decrease in the number of hippocampal neurons.KEYWORDS: brain nerve cells, high fat, high fructose, increased body weight

scholarly journals Effects of Xiang Sha Yang Wei Wan on Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Sprague Dawley Rats: a Histological Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Qaraghuli AMS ◽  
Abdel Wahab EMN ◽  
Al-Ani IM ◽  
Faisal GG
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Oral Dose ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Gastric Mucosal Lesion ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group I ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group Ii

Introduction: Xiang Sha Yang Wei Wan (XSYWW) is a Chinese traditional medicine that is used for gastrointestinal disorders, specifically gastric ulcer in many countries of South-East Asia. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential effects of XSYWW on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats by means of histological Study. On a similar basis of treatment, ranitidine, a conventional medication was used as gold standard. Methods: Fifty five male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 gm) were divided into four groups. Group I (ethanol treated group) was the control group and gastric ulcers were induced by administering 100% ethanol (1 ml/200 g). Group II (Pre-treatment group) was divided into two subgroups; they were orally fed with 1.0 gm/kg and 2.0 gm/kg respectively of XSYWW solution. Thirty minutes later they were administered with absolute ethanol as in group I. Group III, was given an oral dose of 2gm/kg of XSYWW solution after one hour of ethanol administration. Group IV was given an oral dose of 200mg/kg ranitidine solution after one hour of ethanol administration. Five rats from groups I, III and IV were sacrificed on day 1, 2 and 3 while the animals of group II were sacrificed one hour after ethanol administration. Results: Histological study of the stomachs from ethanol treated rats showed multiple ulcers of various depths that reached the muscularis and the serosa. Conclusion: Pre or post-treated rats with XSYWW showed that XSYWW has protective effect against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesion. However, there was a faster and more complete healing process in the ranitidine treated group when compared to the XSYWW treated subjects.

scholarly journals Effect of fish paste products, fish balls ‘tsumire’, intake in Sprague–Dawley rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunari Kadokura ◽  
Tsuyoshi Tomita ◽  
Kohei Suruga
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group I ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract The fish paste product, fish balls ‘tsumire’, is a traditional type of Japanese food made from minced fish as well as imitation crab, kamaboko and hanpen. Although tsumire is known as a high-protein and low-fat food, there is a lack of scientific evidence on its health benefits. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effects of tsumire intake on organ weight and biomarker levels in Sprague–Dawley rats for 84 d as a preliminary study. Six-week-old male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two groups: group I, fed normal diets, and group II, fed normal diets with 5 % dried tsumire. Throughout the administration period, we monitored their body weight and food intake; at the end of this period, we measured their organ weight and analysed their blood biochemistry. No significant differences were observed with respect to body weight, food intake, organ weight and many biochemical parameters between the two groups. It was found that inorganic phosphorus and glucose levels were higher in group II rats than in group I rats. On the other hand, sodium, calcium, amylase and cholinesterase levels were significantly lower in group II than in group I. Interestingly, we found that the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase and leucine aminopeptidase in group II were significantly lower than in group I, and that other liver function parameters of group II tended to be lower than in group I. In conclusion, we consider that the Japanese traditional food, ‘tsumire,’ may be effective as a functional food for human health management worldwide.

Source of ethane in expirate of rats ventilated with 100% oxygen

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 1268-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Habib ◽  
M. A. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Group Iv ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Ethane Production ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group Ii

Ethane in alveolar expirate may have its source in organs other than the lung and be transported to the lung for elimination. We determined ethane production rates in rats (group I) ventilated with hydrocarbon-free air (HFA) before and after exsanguination. To determine whether the lung is the source of increased ethane production during exposure to 100% O2, we measured ethane in the expirate of nine exsanguinated, Sprague-Dawley rats (group II) mechanically ventilated with HFA and then with 100% O2. In all nine animals, ethane elimination rates on 100% O2 increased compared with HFA values. In five of the nine rats, HFA ventilation was reinstated after O2 (group III). In all five, ethane elimination fell with HFA ventilation compared with the value on 100%. Six rats with circulation intact were ventilated with HFA and then 100% O2 (group IV). Ethane production rate for group IV animals breathing HFA was not significantly different from the exsanguinated animals in group II while ventilated with HFA. The mean increase in ethane production for the group II animals was not significantly different from the group IV animals. Lung slices from four other rats (group V) were incubated in saline at 37 degrees C with FeCl2 (10 mg) added to enhance free radical formation. Paired lung samples from the same rat were incubated with either HFA or 100% O2. Headspace gas was analyzed chromatographically for ethane at 120 min. Mean ethane in the O2 samples was higher than for HFA. Rat lung tissue is the main source of increased ethane production during 100% O2 exposure.

Oral contraceptives, norethindrone and mestranol: effects on tissue levels of minerals

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
KY Lei ◽  
AS Prasad ◽  
E Bowersox ◽  
D Oberleas
Keyword(s):  
Causative Factor ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Liver Iron ◽  
Zinc Intake ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Plasma Copper ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Zinc Levels

The study involved three levels of dietary zinc (deficient, marginal, and adequate) and four hormonal conditions; namely, no steriods, norethindrone, mestranol, and norethindrone plus mestranol. The steroids were incorporated into diets and fed to 11-wk-old female Sprague-Dawley rats. After 10 wk of treatment, various tissues were excised for mineral assays by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry. Both steroids, reduced weight gain. Mestranol depressed plasma zinc, tibia copper and magnesium, and liver iron, but elevated the zinc levels in liver and erythrocytes, plasma copper, liver magnesium and calcium, and iron content of tibia and heart. In general, the effect was most prominent with adequate zinc but diminished in magnitude with the reduction of zinc intake. In addition, norethindrone increased heart iron and tibia calcium. Mestranol appeared to be the main causative factor and may have induced a possible shift of minerals from one pool to another. As expected, zinc deficiency resulted in the reduction of zinc concentrations of plasma, tibia, kidney, and pancreas, and the elevation of copper, iron, magnesium, and calcium concentrations of various tissues.

scholarly journals Autistic Effects of Nootropic Drug Brahmi against Propionic Acid-induced Behavior and Memory Impairment in Rat Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
P. K. Anamika ◽  
P. Muralidharan
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Marble Burying ◽  
Group Ii

Aims: To evaluate the hydro alcoholic effect of Brahmi against propionic acid-induced behavior and memory impairment in rat model. Study Design: This includes preclinical study on Sprague Dawley rats in which Propionic acid induced and evaluation of in vivo and in vitro models were performed. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, C L Baid Metha College of Pharmacy Jan 2019 to June 2021. Methodology: We include a total of 27 adult Sprague Dawley Rats and induced propionic acid intracerebroventricular route to induce autism. Drug treatment using hydro alcoholic extract of Bacopa monnieri was given in 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg was compared with negative group rats and control groups. In vivo parameters like Actophotometer and marble burying test was done, In vitro analysis of Serotonin and Glutamate was estimated in the above treated groups. Results: The locomotor activity of rat was recorded individually for each animal using Actophotometer. HAEBM (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) treated rat produced an increase in the level of significance (P<0.0001) on day one. In marble burying test Rats were located for thirty minutes in a standard cage covered with 5 cm depth of wood chip bedding with ten marbles evenly spaced. HAEBM (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) showed significant (P<0.001) level of burying when compared to group-II rats (P<0.01). In this research study 5HT level showed a significant (P<0.001) increase in Group III, Group IV when compared with group-II (P<0.01). Glutamate is an excitatory Neurotransmitter. Group II showed significant increase (P<0.001) in the level of Glutamate but on drug treated groups III and IV shows decrease in concentration of glutamate. Conclusion: The present study findings showed that the hydro alcoholic root extract of brahmi possesses neuroprotective activity with significant nootropic effects. The hydro alcoholic root extract of Bacopa monnieri. L showed the presence of various Gabapentin and flavonoids phenols may be the reason for its neuroprotection and memory improvement effects.

scholarly journals The Effect of Myrmecodia pendans Ethanol Extract on Inflamed Pulp: Study on Sprague Dawley Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Janti Sudiono ◽  
Meylisa Hardina
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Flavonoid Compound ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group I ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Inflammation is a body response caused by injury and infection. Pulpitis is a pulp tissue inflammation which is the continuous process of pulp hyperemia by bacteria invasion. Myrmecodia pendans or Sarang semut is known to contain flavonoid compound which has the anti inflammation effect. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Myrmecodia pendans ethanol extract on the healing process of pulp inflammation.Materials and Methods: This experimental study involved pre- and post-in vivo treatment of 27 Sprague Dawley rats in which the inducted pulpitis model was obtained by injecting 0.01 mL Porphyromonas gingivalis into the dental pulp for 48 hours. Subjects were divided randomly into Group I (negative control), Group II (pulpitis treated by Myrmecodia pendans extract ethanol as treatment group), and Group III (pulpitis treated by Ca(OH)2 as positive control group). Group II and III as pulpitis treatment groups were divided into subgroups based on the induction periods of 48 hours (2 days), 168 hours (7 days), and 366 hours (14 days). All specimens were processed into the slides and evaluated microscopically for the healing process.Results: The result of this study showed significant difference (p<0.05) among groups on day 2, 4 and 7. On day 4, the pulpitis treatment group of Myrmecodia pendans extract showed better healing process than Ca(OH)2. On day 7, the pulpitis treatment group of Ca(OH)2 showed better healing process than Myrmecodia pendans extract. On day 14, both of the pulpitis treatment groups showed normal pulp.Conclusion: Myrmecodia pendans ethanol extract is effective for the healing process of inflamed pulp.Keywords: inflamed pulp, Myrmecodia pendans, sarang semut, Ca(OH)2 , healing process

Effects of Rest and Exercise on Cardiac Blood Volume Determinations

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (08) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
N. Topuzović
Keyword(s):  
Radionuclide Ventriculography ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Volume Determination ◽  
Group I ◽  
Lv Volumes ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Lv Volume

Summary Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in blood activity during rest, exercise and recovery, and to assess its influence on left ventricular (LV) volume determination using the count-based method requiring blood sampling. Methods: Forty-four patients underwent rest-stress radionuclide ventriculography; Tc-99m-human serum albumin was used in 13 patients (Group I), red blood cells was labeled using Tc-99m in 17 patients (Group II) in vivo, and in 14 patients (Group III) by modified in vivo/in vitro method. LV volumes were determined by a count-based method using corrected count rate in blood samples obtained during rest, peak exercise and after recovery. Results: In group I at stress, the blood activity decreased by 12.6 ± 5.4%, p <0.05, as compared to the rest level, and increased by 25.1 ± 6.4%, p <0.001, and 12.8 ± 4.5%, p <0.05, above the resting level in group II and III, respectively. This had profound effects on LV volume determinations if only one rest blood aliquot was used: during exercise, the LV volumes significantly decreased by 22.1 ± 9.6%, p <0.05, in group I, whereas in groups II and III it was significantly overestimated by 32.1 ± 10.3%, p <0.001, and 10.7 ± 6.4%, p <0.05, respectively. The changes in blood activity between stress and recovery were not significantly different for any of the groups. Conclusion: The use of only a single blood sample as volume aliquot at rest in rest-stress studies leads to erroneous estimation of cardiac volumes due to significant changes in blood radioactivity during exercise and recovery.

A P-Selectin/CD62P Monoclonal Antibody (LYP-20), in Tandem with Flow Cytometry, Detects in vivo Activated Circulating Rat Platelets in Severe Vascular Trauma

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (05) ◽  
pp. 745-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elza Chignier ◽  
Maud Parise ◽  
Lilian McGregor ◽  
Caroline Delabre ◽  
Sylvie Faucompret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Vascular Trauma ◽  
Activated Platelets ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Rat Platelets

SummaryP-selectin, also known as CD62P, GMP140 or PADGEM, is present in platelet a-granules and endothelial cell Weibel-Palade bodies and is very rapidly expressed on the surface of these cells on activation. In this study, an anti P-selectin monoclonal antibody (LYP20) was used, in tandem with flow cytometry, to identify activated platelets at the site of induced vascular trauma or in peripheral blood. Moreover, electron microscopy was performed to characterize sites of vascular trauma and quantify the number of adhering platelets. The same induced vascular trauma was observed to result into animals responding in 2 different ways (Group I, Group II) following the degree of platelet activation. Five rats, out of 14 with induced vascular trauma, had more than half of their circulating platelets expressing P-selectin when drawn at the site of the trauma (67.4% ± 3.44) or in peripheral blood (78.5% ± 2.5) (Group I). In the remaining 9 animals a much smaller proportion of circulating platelets expressed P-selectin when assayed from trauma sites (18% ± 3.34) or in peripheral blood (18.0% ± 4.30) (Group II). Enhanced P-selectin expression by circulating platelets in Group I, compared to Group II, appears to be linked to the degree of activated platelets adhering at sites of trauma (171 ± 15 × 103 platelets versus 48 ± 31 × 103 platelets per mm2). In the 5 control animals, that were not operated on, platelets expressing P-selectin when drawn at the site of a mock trauma (7.0% ± 1.84) or in the peripheral blood (11.2% ± 3.30) showed little activation. In addition, no platelet adhesion was seen on the vascular bed of these animals. Results from this study show that analysis of P-selectin (CD62P) expression, in circulating platelets, is a valuable and rapid marker of platelet activation following severe vascular trauma induced in rats. However, activated platelets were not detected to the same extent in the peripheral blood of all animals having undergone vascular trauma. It is conceivable that platelets, depending on the degree of activation, may be actively sequestered in organs and prevented from circulating. Alternatively, P-selectin may be rapidly endocytosed, or not expressed, by activated circulating platelets depending on the type of agonists implicated in vivo activation.

(Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Malathi Dayalan ◽  
Dr Sudeshna Sharma ◽  
Dr Shweta Poovani ◽  
Dr Saher Altaf
Keyword(s):  
Myofascial Pain ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Masticatory Muscles ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Masticatory Muscle ◽  
Muscle Disorders ◽  
Occlusal Contact ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

BACKGROUND Masticatory system is a complex functional unit, primarily engaged in chewing, swallowing and breathing functions, and some parts are involved in taste recognition and determination of food consistency. Sophisticated functional performances of speech and emotional expressions are specifically human qualities. Irregularities in occlusion appears to be the precipitating factor in the pathogenesis of myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome. Tek- Scan III records the bite length, number, distribution, timing, duration and the relative force of each tooth contact. It also records the sequence of occlusal contacts in terms of time and the associated force with each occlusal contact. The aim of this study was to treat masticatory muscle disorders with occlusal equilibration, and compare the efficacy of treatment outcomes between selective grinding and stabilization splints using Tek-Scan III. OBJECTIVE Objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of occlusal equilibration achieved through selective griding and stabilization splints using Tek-Scan III. METHODS In this in vivo study, 40 patients with masticatory muscle disorders were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The occlusal discrepancies were analyzed using Tek-Scan III. The selected 40 subjects were then randomly divided into 2 groups based on the treatment they recieved; Group I – Selective grinding group (20) and Group II – Stabilization splint group (20). Comparison of pre-treatment and post treatment results were evaluated in terms of pain, mouth opening, left and right side force percentage as recorded through Tek-Scan III and reduction of disclusion time. Statistical analysis was carried out with Kolmogorov Smirnov test, Wilcoxon matched pair test and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS Wilcoxon matched pairs test demonstrated that there was statistically significant results ( p = 0.0007) in both the groups for reduction of disclusion time, elimination of pain and improved mouth opening. Patients in Group I showed better results as compared to Group II in terms of disclusion time, pain and mouth opening. CONCLUSIONS Occlusal equilibration brought about by reducing the disclusion time using the Tek- Scan III reduced the symptoms of pain in masticatory muscles. Patients in group I (Selective grinding) however showed better results when compared to patients in group II (Stabilization splints).

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