scholarly journals Influence of Different Pigment Incorporation Methods on Color, Dimensional Stability, and Detail Reproduction of Silicones

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adhara Smith Nobrega ◽  
Estefania Marrega Malavazi ◽  
Clóvis Lamartine de Moraes Melo Neto ◽  
Isabela Caroline de Sousa Ervolino ◽  
Lisiane Cristina Bannwart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Aging Period ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Level Of Significance

Abstract Objective To analyze the influence of three pigment incorporation methods on color change, dimensional stability, and detail reproduction of the MDX4–4210 and A-2186 silicones. Materials and Methods The A-2186 and MDX4–4210 silicones were used for preparation of samples, with the incorporation of bronze, black and pink pigments, usingconventional, mechanical, and industrial incorporation methods. Samples were submitted to the initial readings of color (n = 10; 22-mm diameter × 2-mm thickness), detail reproduction, and dimensional stability (n = 10; 30-mm diameter × 3-mm thickness). Readings were also taken at the end of 252, 504 and 1,008 hours of aging cycles. Results Quantitative data were evaluated by ANOVA and Tukey test, with a level of significance of 5%. The mechanical and industrial methods caused smaller color changes of all samples compared with the conventional method (p < 0.05). In most cases, the mechanical and industrial methods caused less samples’ contraction than the conventional method after aging (p < 0.05). The color change values increased progressively in each aging period for all samples (p < 0.05). The contraction values increased progressively in each aging period for all samples (p < 0.05). In the qualitative analysis of detail reproduction, all samples presented full reproduction of the three grooves, with accurate angles, initially and after the aging periods. Conclusions The industrial and mechanical methods showed the best results for color and dimensional stability. Despite the statistical differences, all pigment incorporation methods generated acceptable dimensional and color changes of the MDX4-4210 and A-2186 silicones, regardless of the pigment and aging. In addition, the detail reproduction was satisfactory after aging periods in all cases of this study, showing the excellent quality of the A-2186 and MDX4–4210 silicones.

Influence of Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching Gels on Color, Opacity, and Fluorescence of Composite Resins

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 526-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
CRG Torres ◽  
CF Ribeiro ◽  
E Bresciani ◽  
AB Borges
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Bleaching Gels ◽  
Bleaching Treatment

SUMMARY The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 20% and 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching gels on the color, opacity, and fluorescence of composite resins. Seven composite resin brands were tested and 30 specimens, 3-mm in diameter and 2-mm thick, of each material were fabricated, for a total of 210 specimens. The specimens of each tested material were divided into three subgroups (n=10) according to the bleaching therapy tested: 20% hydrogen peroxide gel, 35% hydroxide peroxide gel, and the control group. The baseline color, opacity, and fluorescence were assessed by spectrophotometry. Four 30-minute bleaching gel applications, two hours in total, were performed. The control group did not receive bleaching treatment and was stored in deionized water. Final assessments were performed, and data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests (p&lt;0.05). Color changes were significant for different tested bleaching therapies (p&lt;0.0001), with the greatest color change observed for 35% hydrogen peroxide gel. No difference in opacity was detected for all analyzed parameters. Fluorescence changes were influenced by composite resin brand (p&lt;0.0001) and bleaching therapy (p=0.0016) used. No significant differences in fluorescence between different bleaching gel concentrations were detected by Tukey test. The greatest fluorescence alteration was detected on the brand Z350. It was concluded that 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching gel generated the greatest color change among all evaluated materials. No statistical opacity changes were detected for all tested variables, and significant fluorescence changes were dependent on the material and bleaching therapy, regardless of the gel concentration.

scholarly journals PENGARUH RESIN TERHADAP PERUBAHAN WARNA PADA CAT TEMBOK

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Nurlela Nurlela ◽  
Risnawati Risnawati
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Polyvinyl Acetate ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Background Color ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Synthetic Resins ◽  
Color Background

The Influence of Resin against the Change of Color on the Wall PaintThe quality of the paint is determined by the resin used. Synthetic resins for polymer paints are made by combining several monomers to achieve various characteristics. The incorporation of some monomers such as polyvinyl acetate resin, acrylic vinyl resin and acrylic styrene resin which act as a binder can affect the quality of the paint especially the color change. The purpose of this study is to find the color changes that occur on the wall paint by using Poly Styrene Acrylic , Poly Vinyl Acetate and Poly Vinyl Acrylic. From the results of the measurement of color difference, significant color change occurs in the Poly Vinyl Acetate (PVAc) + Poly Vinyl Acrylic (PVA) and Poly Styrene Acrylic (PSA). The results of the quality test of the three resins based on pH test, scrub test and viscosity test, PSA has better quality compared to PVA + PVAc and PVA resin. From the color difference measurement test, some things need to be considered, are temperature, film thickness, substrate color/background color and measurement conditions (measured in wet sample/in plate/dry surface) and test on resin added additive according to the type of each resin.Keywords: Paint, Resin, Color Changes, Poly Vinyl Acetate, Poly Styrene.ABSTRAK Kualitas dari cat sangat ditentukan oleh resin yang digunakan. Resin sintetis untuk cat berupa polimer yang dibuat dengan menggabung beberapa monomer untuk mencapai berbagai karakteristik. Penggabungan dari beberapa monomer seperti resin poli vinil asetat, resin vinil akrilik dan resin stirena akrilik yang berfungsi sebagai pengikat mampu mempengaruhi kualitas cat terutama dari perubahan warna. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan warna yang terjadi pada cat tembok dengan menggunakan Poli Stirena Akrilik, Poli Vinil asetat dan Poli Vinil Akrilik. Dari hasil pengukuran perbedaan warna, perubahan warna cukup signifikan terjadi pada resin Poli vinil Asetat (PVAc) + Poli Vinil Akrilik (PVA) dan resin  Poli Stirena Akrilik (PSA). Hasil uji Kualitas cat dari ketiga resin berdasarkan uji pH, uji scrub dan uji viscositas, PSA memiliki kualitas yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan resin PVA+PVAc dan PVA. Dari pengujian pengukuran perbedaan warna, beberapa hal yang perlu di perhatikan, yaitu suhu, film thickness, warna substrat/background color dan kondisi pengukuran (diukur dalam keadaan wet sample/dalam bentuk plate/dry surface) dan pengujian terhadap resin yang ditambahkan zat aditif yang sesuai dengan tipe masing-masing resin tersebut.Kata Kunci: Cat, Resin, Perubahan Warna, Poli Vinil, Poli Stirena.

scholarly journals Influence of Site Conditions and Quality of Birch Wood on Its Properties and Utilization after Heat Treatment. Part I—Elastic and Strength Properties, Relationship to Water and Dimensional Stability

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlastimil Borůvka ◽  
Roman Dudík ◽  
Aleš Zeidler ◽  
Tomáš Holeček
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Impact Bending ◽  
The Impact

This work deals with the quality of birch (Betula pendula) wood from different sites and the impact of heat treatment on it. Two degrees of heat treatment were used, 170 °C and 190 °C. The resulting property values were compared with reference to untreated wood samples. These values were wood density, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity (MOE), bending strength (MOR), impact bending strength (toughness), hardness, swelling, limit of hygroscopicity, moisture content and color change. It was supposed that an increase in heat-treatment temperature could reduce strength properties and, adversely, lead to better shape and dimensional stability, which was confirmed by experiments. It was also shown that the properties of the wood before treatment affected their condition after heat treatment, and that the characteristic values and variability of birch properties from 4 sites, 8 stems totally, were reflected in the properties of the heat-treated wood. Values of static MOR were the exception, where the quality of the input wood was less significant at a higher temperature, and this was even more significant in impact bending strength, where it manifested at a lower temperature degree. Impact bending strength also proved to be significantly negatively affected by heat treatment, about 48% at 170 °C, and up to 67% at 190 °C. On the contrary, the most positive results were the MOE and hardness increases at 170 °C by about 30% and about 21%, respectively, with a decrease in swelling at 190 °C by about 31%. On the basis of color change and other ascertained properties, there is a possibility that, after suitable heat treatment, birch could replace other woods (e.g., beech) for certain specific purposes, particularly in the furniture industry.

scholarly journals Changes of quality of rennets during storing

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Monika Kozelková ◽  
Miroslav Jůzl ◽  
Táňa Lužová ◽  
Květoslava Šustová ◽  
Aneta Bubeníčková
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Coagulation Time ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Rennet Coagulation ◽  
Total Color Change ◽  
Instrumental Methods

This work deals about evaluation of qualitative parameters of rennets. During the six months storing of rennets were determined following qualitative parameters: pH, rennet coagulation time, activity (strange) of rennet and dose of rennet, and finally were used instrumental methods: Near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) for recognizing age of rennets and spectrophotometric methods of determining the color of rennets. The theory found in the references suggests, that the activity of rennet should decrease by an average of 1–2 % per month, but the results are showing, that are changing quality of rennets namely mostly activity (strange) of rennet, which was decreased by 33% per half year. In analysis of color of rennets weren’t observed major changes by the whole group. Some statistical differences were detected in the partial values L*a*b*, most advantageous were evaluation by rennet total color change during storage, which were higher than noticeable change in four samples. The least color changes (P > 0.05) were observed in microbial rennets, with no values observed (ΔEab < 2) that can be recognized even by the human eye when subjected to parallel comparison. It was found that the NIR analysis can be used to recognizing of rennets, which are different ages.

scholarly journals Responses of Apples to Postharvest Jasmonate Treatments

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuetong Fan ◽  
James P. Mattheis ◽  
John K. Fellman
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Promotive Effect ◽  
Solids Content

The effect of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MJ) and jasmonic acid (JA) compared with the effect of ethephon on surface color and quality of `Golden Delicious' and `Fuji' apples (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) was studied. Treatments were applied by dipping fruit in water solutions of JA, MJ, or ethephon or by exposing fruit to MJ vapors. Response to MJ vapor treatment depended on fruit developmental stage, with the maximum effect occurring as fruit began to produce ethylene. MJ promoted color changes more effectively than JA. The promotive effect of JA increased with JA concentration. A minimum concentration of 0.1 mmol·L-1 JA was needed to promote significant color change within 15 d at 20 °C. JA at 1 or 10 mmol·L-1 promoted color change more effectively than 0.35 or 3.5 mmol·L-1 ethephon. The magnitude of JA-promoted responses decreased at lower temperatures. Treatments with 10 mmol·L-1 JA or 3.5 mmol·L-1 ethephon were phytotoxic. Treatments using JA at 1 or 10 mmol·L-1 in water promoted loss of fruit titratable acidity compared to controls. Firmness and soluble solids content were relatively unresponsive to JA treatments. Based on these results, using JA and MJ to promote degreening of apple fruit with minimal loss of other quality attributes appears feasible.

scholarly journals Effects of Chlorella sp. Additions on the Changes of Visceral Mass and Proximate Contents of Shellfish

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Clara Dhisa Sumunaring Ratna ◽  
Trijoko Trijoko
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Visceral Mass ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Good Taste ◽  
High Nutrient

Shellfish, called as kerang in Indonesia, contains animal protein that’s popular, making it as and important fisheries and marine commodity. Supported by the good taste and high nutrient content in it. Paphia undulata or Kerang  Batik, Peryglipta reticulata or Kerang Kemiri, Meretrix meretrix or Kerang Tahu, and Codakia tigerina or Kerang Madu, are consumption shells from northern coast of Java. To improve the quality of shellfish, Chlorella added as shellfish food preferences. It supported by the high nutrient content in Chlorella sp. Shellfish kept for 15 days in a basket with a sand substrate and drainage from sea. Therefore, the water quality had been controlled for the changed of salinity and water temperature. Parameters used to see the improvement shellfish quality is the color changes on visceral mass and the changes of proximate content (moisture, protein, fat, carbohydrate and ash). This study proves the color changes on visceral mass and proximate content. The color change occurs on the visceral mass and the gills. The changes of viscerall mass occurs on kerang batik from white greyish to yellow while the more clearly gills occurs on kerang madu and kemiri. Meanwhile, the change of proximate shown by the increasing of protein and moisture on all the spesies while on the otherside the decreasing of carbohydrate and ash, but the increasing of fat only occurs on kerang batik and kerang madu. The higher proximate changes occur on kerang madu, where the ammount of moisture at 71,43 ± 0,03 %, the protein at 16,55 ± 0,02 %, the fat at 1,35 ± 0,04 %, the carbohydrate at 2,9 ± 0,03 %, and the ash at 8,09 ± 0,04 %. The conclusion of this research are kerang madu has the higher positive influences by addition of Chlorella, shown by the increasing of proximate contents and the clearly of gills. Keywords : addision of Chlorella sp., changes of visceral mass, proximate, shellfish

scholarly journals ANÁLISE FÍSICO-QUÍMICA E CONTAGEM DE COLIFORMES TOTAIS E TERMOTOLERANTES DE ALMÔNDEGAS ELABORADAS COM CARNE DE CAPIVARA E DIFERENTES CONCENTRAÇÕES DE BACON

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (Especial 2) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Gabriella Castro Cunha ◽  
Brena Cristine Rosário Silva ◽  
Diego da Silva Pedro ◽  
Vilson Matias Pinto ◽  
Márcio Ramatiz Lima dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Level Of Significance

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of meatballs prepared with capybara meat and different concentrations of pork bacon. Three formulations of capybara meatballs were prepared: one with 100% of capybara meat and the other with 10 and 20% of pork bacon added. Coliforms were carried out at 35 and 45ºC of the meatball samples, in addition to pH, titratable acidity, moisture and ash determinations. In relation to the physical-chemical determinations, the results were submitted to analysis of variance and the differences of the means compared by Tukey test at the 5% level of significance. The results of the microbiological analyzes were evaluated in a descriptive way. The experimental design was completely randomized. All physicalchemical and microbiological determinations were performed in triplicate. Coliform analyzes showed that the meatballs were fit for consumption and the physicochemical results are in acceptable levels.

scholarly journals Performance Improvement of Fruit Ripeness Smart Label Based On Ammonium Molibdat Color Indicators

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Ade Iskandar ◽  
Indah Yuliasih ◽  
Endang Warsiki
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Ammonium Molybdate ◽  
Indicator Solution ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Smart Label ◽  
Bubble Trapping ◽  
Color Indicator

Research in fruit ripeness indicator is still experiencing especially due to major difficulties of several fruits with no color changes in its skin when it is ripen. From the previous research, there was found that ammonium molybdate [(NH4) 6Mo7O24.4H2O] embedded in the polymer matrix could be used as an indicator label to detect the ripeness of climacteric fruits base on the color change from yellow to blue and then green. However, the performance label still needs to be developed further. The surface of the label was still poor due to air or bubble trapping inside the film. It was found that mixing H2O2 and molydate agent produced air or bubble thus in this research, a pre-treatment of film solution was done to chase away the air by storing and vacuuming the solution in cold temperature and time period of storage. A variety of film drying method was also carried out to find the best temperature of the oven to produce smooth surface of the film. The sensitivity of the label to ethylene gas was improved by adding more agent solution into the film. The best form of smart labels was produced using an oven at 40°C for 18 hours. The label composition was 100 mL distilled water, 3.5 g PVOH, 2 mL glycerol, and a color indicator solution (ammonium molybdate and hydrogen peroxide ratio of 1:10) at 4 mL. The molydate solution had to be stored for 3 days in temperature of 7oC before used. The label sensitivity was improved as low as 100 ppm of pure ethylene gas. Label application in a pack of avocados showed a relationship between label color changes and fruit quality degradation. The value of hue label on days 0 to 6 changed from yellow to greenish yellow, while on the 7th to the 10th day the color of the label was still in the same color as the day of 6th. Decreasing the quality of fruit during storage can be seen from the increase in the percentage of weight loss and hardness of fruit texture.

scholarly journals Effect of different surface finishing/polishing procedures on color stability of esthetic restorative materials: A spectrophotometric evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 049-056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Beltrami ◽  
Matteo Ceci ◽  
Gabriele De Pani ◽  
Lodovico Vialba ◽  
Ricaldone Federico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Surface Finishing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diamond Grit ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Level Of Significance

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the color stability of different esthetic restorative materials after surface finishing/polishing with different procedures. Materials and Methods: All materials were polymerized into silicone rubber rings to obtain specimens identical in size. Samples were randomly assigned into four groups (10 specimens of each composite for each group), and they were finished with different procedures: Control group (Group 1), three or two polishers interspersed with diamond grit (Groups 3 and 2, respectively), and one tungsten carbide bur + one polisher interspersed with diamond grit (Group 4). After staining process in coffee, a colorimetric evaluation according to the CIE L*a*b* system was performed by a blind trained operator at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Shapiro–Wilk test and Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance were applied to assess significant differences among restorative materials. Means of the different polishing/finishing groups were compared with Scheffe’s multiple comparison test at the 0.05 level of significance. Results: In control group, significant lower discolorations were recorded for Essentia, Admira Fusion, and Estelite. After finishing, Filtek Supreme XTE and Ceram.X Universal showed a significantly lower degree of staining. The finishing technique used for Group 4 produced higher color changes. Conclusions: Tungsten carbide burs produced the higher color variations; after finishing, the nanofilled composites showed lower discoloration than nanohybrid ones, and the time of exposure to the staining agent and the polishing/finishing technique influenced the color change.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Evaluation of Color Changes of Bleach-shade Resin-based Composites after Staining and Bleaching

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafat Ibrahim Farah ◽  
Hytham Elwi
Keyword(s):  
Color Change ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Light Activation ◽  
Carbamide Peroxide ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Stain Removal ◽  
Storage Solutions ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
Level Of Significance

ABSTRACT Spectrophotometric evaluation of color changes of Bleachshade resin-based composites after staining and bleaching. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the color stability of two commercially available bleach-shade resin composites (RC) after exposure to 3 storage solutions and the effect of 3 bleaching agents on the color stability and stain removal from stained RC. Materials and methods Two bleach-shade RC were evaluated in this study, including a nanofilled RC, FiltekTM Z350 XT (FZ), and a nanohybrid RC, Tetric® N-Ceram (TC), in the extra-white body (shade) (XWB) and L shades, respectively. Twenty-seven disk-shaped specimens, each measuring 12 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness, were prepared for each RC, with a total of 54 specimens. Specimens were randomly allocated into 3 groups of 9 specimens each and immersed in 3 storage solutions (distilled water, tea and coffee) for 7 days period. The 9 specimens in each staining group were further divided into 3 subgroups. Specimens in each subgroup (n = 3) were bleached using one of the bleaching agents (10 and 16% Zoom NiteWhite amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), and Zoom 2 chairside with light activation) for 5 days period. The specimen colors were measured with spectrophotometer. The measurements were performed on each sample three times at baseline, after staining, and after bleaching. Color was expressed using the commission international de I'Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b* color space. The color differences (ÄE) between the three measurements were calculated and the results were statistically analyzed using Two-way and Three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's posthoc tests. Level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Tetric® N-ceram materials demonstrated significantly less color change than the FZ and the color change, which was greater after storage in coffee compared to tea, was statistically significant. The bleaching agents significantly influence the color changes of composite specimens. All groups showed (ÄE) values below 3.3 after bleaching, except for ‘Zoom 2 chairside’ with light activation groups, which is shown clinically unacceptable lighter shade (ÄE >3.3). Conclusion Bleach-shade composites showed significant discoloration (ÄE > 3.3) after being immersed into coffee and tea solutions. Nanofilled composites discolored more than nanohybrid composites, and carbamide peroxide-based bleaching agents were effective in reducing the discoloration to a clinically acceptable value (ÄE > 3.3). How to cite this article Farah RI, Elwi H. Spectrophotometric Evaluation of Color Changes of Bleach-shade Resin-based Composites after Staining and Bleaching. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(5):587-594.

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