scholarly journals Do adaptative changes occur in the achilles tendons of endurance runners?

2019 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 083-083
Author(s):  
Serra Pol M. ◽  
Pons Hernández A. ◽  
Barea Vega E. ◽  
Gómez Luque M.
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Jump Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Kager’S Fat Pad ◽  
Endurance Runners

Abstract Introduction and Aim Several studies associate tendinopathies with structural changes in the Achilles tendon (AT). However, few studies have demonstrated whether long distance running training can generate structural changes at the level of the AT. The aim of this study was to determine whether adaptive changes exist, both structural and functional, in the AT of asymptomatic endurance runners with no history of lesions to the AT. Material and Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study. In total, 14 subjects were selected and divided into two groups of 7 subjects each. The intervention group (IG) comprised all usual runners, running over 60 km per week, with no previous lesion to the AT. The control group (CG) included all active subjects but who did not perform competitive sports nor did they run more than 10 km per week. The ankle dorsal flexion (ADF) of each subject was measured together with the index of reactive force (IRF), and the width of the AT body was measured using ultrasound, together with the level of hypervascularization, the presence of hypoechoic areas and the presence of hyperechoic areas. To measure ADF, the validated measurement was used with the application (App) Dorsiflex for IPhone. To calculate IRF, the validated measure of the Drop Jump, test from the App My Jump 2 was used. The ultrasound assessment was always performed by the same examiner. The ultrasound machine was a General Electric, Logiq V2 model for measuring both feet: the width of the AT body, the degree of hyper vascularization, the presence of hypoechoic areas and the presence of calcifications. The subject was placed in prone, with the foot hanging off the table and the ankle was in 90° flexion. The examiner was placed on the same side as the lower limb examined. Results The means of the results obtained and p-values of significance were as follows: ADF = 46° CG 43.6° IG (p > 0.005). IRF = 0.92 CG 1.07 IG (p > 0.005) Ultrasound = CG 43% presence of vascularization outside the tendon; IG 83% presence of vascularization outside the tendon. Conclusions No significant evidence exists to support that the AT in endurance runners without a history of injuries, presents functional adaptations. However, it seems that in endurance runners, there is a greater presence of vessels in Kager's fat pad, although it is necessary to obtain data from a larger population to confirm and establish the possible relationships of these changes.

scholarly journals OVERUSE INJURIES IN LONG DISTANCE RUNNING - A LITERATURE REVIEW ON RISK FACTORS

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
G Vijayan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Overuse Injuries ◽  
Distance Running ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Recreational Athletes ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

INTRODUCTION: In the past three decades, the incidence of running-related overuse injuries has signicantly increased because of the increasing number of recreational athletes and higher training intensity in competitive athletes. Long distance running has gained popularity in recent years, but between 19.4 and 79.3% of runners sustain a running related injury every year. Various risk factors contribute to the occurrence of this issue and shoe modications are thought to be an efcient tool in managing runningrelated over use injuries. The aim of this study was to collect and review information about the risks factors of overuse injuries long distance running. METHODOLOGY:Asystematic search of the electronic database of PUBMED, Bireme and PEDro which were selected that addressed clinical trials, control cases, prospective and cross-sectional studies. RESULTS: The search yielded 246 references. A predened inclusion criteria (case studies, clinical trials, prospective studies, cross sectional studies that addressed adult runners either amateur or professional) was used and 51 articles remained. 18 citations were excluded and 20 articles were after reading the abstract and full text. Therefore 13 studies that met the criteria for analysis were included. CONCLUSION:The overuse injuries are very much prevalent in long distance runners and the ethology is multifactorial. The distance, terrain, weekly sessions and history of previous injuries are the risk factors that inuence the occurrence of these injuries.

Physiological characteristics of the best Eritrean runners—exceptional running economy

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 530-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Lucia ◽  
Jonathan Esteve-Lanao ◽  
Jesús Oliván ◽  
Félix Gómez-Gallego ◽  
Alejandro F. San Juan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
East African ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Running ◽  
Endurance Runners

Despite their young age, limited training history, and lack of running tradition compared with other East African endurance athletes (e.g., Kenyans and Ethiopians), male endurance runners from Eritrea have recently attained important running successes. The purposes of our study were (i) to document the main physical and physiological characteristics of elite black Eritrean distance runners (n = 7; age: 22 ± 3 years) and (ii) to compare them with those of their elite white Spanish counterparts. For this second purpose we selected a control group of elite Spanish runners (n = 9; 24 ± 2 years), owing to the traditionally high success of Spanish athletes in long-distance running compared with other white runners, especially in cross-country competitions. The subjects’ main anthropometric characteristics were determined, together with their maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and VO2 (mL·kg–1·min–1), blood lactate, and ammonia concentrations while running at 17, 19, or 21 km·h–1. The body mass index (18.9 ± 1.5 kg·m–2) and maximal calf circumference (30.9 ± 1.5 cm) was lower in Eritreans than in Spaniards (20.5 ± 1.7 kg·m–2 and 33.9 ± 2.0 cm, respectively) (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) and their lower leg (shank) length was longer (44.1 ± 3.0 cm vs. 40.6 ± 2.7 cm, respectively) (p < 0.05). VO2 max did not differ significantly between Eritreans and Spaniards (73.8 ± 5.6 mL·kg–1·min–1 vs. 77.8 ± 5.7 mL·kg–1·min–1, respectively), whereas the VO2 cost of running was lower (p < 0.01) in the former (e.g., 65.9 ± 6.8 mL·kg–1·min–1 vs. 74.8  ± 5.0 mL·kg–1·min–1 when running at 21 km·h–1). Our data suggest that the excellent running economy of Eritreans is associated, at least partly, with anthropometric variables. Comparison of their submaximal running cost with other published data suggests that superior running economy, rather than enhanced aerobic capacity, may be the common denominator in the success of black endurance runners of East African origin.

DYSLIPIDEMIA IN THYROID DISORDERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashish Narula ◽  
Narendra Kumar Dara ◽  
Shyam Lal Meena
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Carbohydrate And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Thyroid Profile ◽  
Basal Energy Expenditure

Background: Thyroid hormones influence nearly all major metabolic pathways. Their most obvious and well-known action is the increase in basal energy expenditure obtained by acting on protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The lipid metabolism is more influenced by the thyroid hormone. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients with suspicion of thyroid disorders were taken as cases. One hundred patients with normal thyroid profile and no history of other chronic diseases were taken as control group. Results: The serum TC, TG and LDL levels in hypothyroid individuals (both overt and subclinical) were significantly higher than euthyroid subjects but the levels were comparable between hyperthyroid and euthyroid group. Conclusion: Dyslipidemias are associated with thyroid disorders, so biochemical screening for thyroid dysfunction in all dyslipidemic patients. Therefore, patients presenting with dyslipidemia are recommended for investigation to explore thyroid dysfunction. Keywords: Thyroid profile, Total cholesterol, Triglycerides and LDL

Breastfeeding Training through Role-Play and Effects on Mother-infant Attachment Behaviours: A Randomised Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farokh Saljughi ◽  
Mitra Savabi-Esfahani ◽  
Shahnaz Kohan ◽  
Soheila Ehsanpour
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Role Play ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Infant Attachment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Mother-infant attachment is an intimate, lasting and satisfying relationship that leads to better cognitive, emotional and social growth of the infant. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of breastfeeding training by role-play on mother-infant attachment behaviours. This research was a randomised clinical trial (parallel design). Inclusion criteria were: no history of mental disorders; ability to read and write the Persian language to complete the questionnaire; no history of drug and tobacco intake in primigravida women. The sample comprised 100 pregnant women (in 2 groups), selected through simple random sampling at healthcare centres. The researcher reviewed prenatal care registries of selected healthcare centres and extracted the names of pregnant women in their early third trimester. The data were imported into randomisation software. The control group received routine breastfeeding training, while the intervention group received routine training together with training through role-play. The data collection tool was the Maternal Behaviour Inventory Questionnaire. Consequently 75 samples were analysed in SPSS16. Independent t-tests and chi-square tests were used to examine the difference between the two groups. Results showed that the mean score of mother-infant attachment one week after delivery was significantly higher in the intervention group in comparison to that in the control group (p<0.001). No significant difference was observed between the two groups in maternal age, age of marriage, neonatal gender, maternal employment and education, number of parity, and number of abortions (P>0.05). Since breastfeeding training through role-play could affect mother-infant attachment, it is suggested that this type of training should be provided for pregnant women to promote mother-infant attachment and exclusive breastfeeding.

EP.FRI.154 Could Antiangiogenic Drugs be the Solution to Tendon Injury? A Literature Review on the use of Antiangiogenic Drugs for Tendon Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Kirchhoff
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Tendon Healing ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antiangiogenic Drugs

Abstract Background Tendinopathy accounts for more than half of reported musculoskeletal injuries worldwide. The subsequent healing process results in a disorganised tendon structure secondary to neovascularisation, forming a bulky tendon with overall reduced strength. Current treatment options remain controversial as re-rupture rates following surgical intervention are high. It has been proposed that the use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors could improve tendon healing. Methods This literature review employed a systematic approach. The search strategy incorporated an adjusted PICO format and PRISMA flow diagram. Search findings were critically appraised using the CASP tool checklist. Identified studies investigated the effect of injectable anti-angiogenic drugs on tendon healing.  Results Three final studies were identified. Tempfer et al. showed a reduction in cross sectional tendon area in the intervention group (5.6mm²+1.8), comparatively to the control group (9.1mm² +2.0), and increased tendon strength in the intervention group (47.7N+6.41) comparatively to the control group(32.41N+9.23). Dallaudiere (2014) et al. showed reduced cross-sectional area in the intervention group (0.95mm²+0.01) compared with the control group (0.75mm²+0.01). Dallaudiere (2013) et al. also showed reduced cross sectional areas in the intervention group (1.10mm²+0.01) compared with the control group (1.11mm²+0.03).  Conclusion All studies supported the use of anti-angiogenic drugs to support tendon healing. The use of injectable anti-angiogenic drugs may potentially serve in conjunction with surgical intervention or as an alternative minimally invasive intervention to improve tendon rehabilitation. This review recommends that further randomised control studies will be needed to strengthen the current evidence. 

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF COMBINATION OF BREASTFEEDING AND EFFLEURAGE MASSAGE IN REDUCING PAIN RESPONSE IN INFANTS INDUCED BY BLOOD SAMPLING IN C-REACTIVE PROTEIN TEST: AN OBSERVATIONAL CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-248
Author(s):  
Alfi Maziyah ◽  
Diyah Fatmasari ◽  
Desak Made Wenten Parwati ◽  
Rr. Sri Endang Pujiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pain Response ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Massage Group

Background: C-reactive protein test is one of clinical assessments to minimize risks of infection in infants. However, its procedure may cause pain. Pain in the infant may result in negative metabolic behavior, physiology and metabolic response. Objective: This study was to describe the infant's pain response by administering a combination of breastfeeding and an effleurage massage on the blood sampling procedure of C-reactive protein examination.         Methods: This was a descriptive observational cross-sectional study. There were 30 infants selected using consecutive sampling technique, which 15 samples assigned in an intervention group (combination of breastfeeding and effleurage massage) and a control group. Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) instrument was used to measure pain. Univariate analysis was performed with the aim to describe data in mean and median.Results: The average of pain response at 1-minute observation in the combination of breastfeeding and effleurage massage group was 7.47 ± 1.356, and the average of pain response in the control group was 10.80 ± 1.897. The average pain at 5-minutes in the intervention group was 3.53 ± 1.922 and control group was 6.00 ± 1.852. Conclusions: Pain responses in the combination of breastfeeding and effleurage massage group were lower than the pain response in the control group.

scholarly journals Recurrent Miscarriage and Consanguinity among Omani Women– A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Al Hoqani ◽  
Wadha Al Ghafri ◽  
Saneya El tayeb ◽  
Yahya Al Farsi ◽  
Vaidyanathan Gowri
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriages ◽  
Sultan Qaboos University ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
History Of

Objective: to determine the prevalence of explained and unexplained recurrent miscarriages (RM) and to find out if there is a significant relationship between recurrent miscarriages and consanguinity. Methods: A cross sectional in which the cases group included all women with RM attending the outpatient clinic at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital from July 2006 to April 2012 and the controls group included women with no history of RM after matching them with cases for age (case to control ratio was 1:1). The main outcome measures were the prevalence of consanguinity in women with or without recurrent miscarriages. Results: During study period a total of 290 women with RM were seen. Of which, 150 (51.7%) women had unexplained RM. Control group with no history of RM were 300 women. Consanguinity rate among cases (49.5%) %) was less than the controls (52.7 %%). Both first cousin and second cousin marriages were more common in the controls than the cases and it was not statistically significant (p value 0.476, chi squared test). Conclusion: In this study we found that more than half of RM cases were unexplained and there was no significant association between RM and consanguinity.

scholarly journals Depression, anxiety levels and sleep quality indexes among the spouses of people with epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halil ONDER ◽  
Ersin Kasim ULUSOY ◽  
Caner BAYDAR ◽  
Mustafa KIRAZ ◽  
Muhammet Okay ORUN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

ABSTRACT Background: Psychiatric problems and sleep disturbances are comorbidities that are frequently encountered among people with epilepsy. However, their presence among the spouses of peoples with epilepsy remains to be elucidated. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the spouses of people with epilepsy (PWE), with and without a history of seizures during sleep, in terms of depression, anxiety and sleep quality. Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in three groups of 18 to 65-year-olds. Group 1 consisted of healthy spouses of 127 healthy volunteers without any known neurological disease; group 2 comprised spouses of 63 PWE who had no history of seizure during sleep; and group 3 consisted of spouses of 63 PWE who had a history of at least one seizure during sleep in the course of the previous year. Questionnaires seeking demographic data and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory were applied to all participants. Results: The depression scores of the group of spouses of PWE were higher than those of the control group and were higher in group 3 than in group 2 (p = 0.017). The anxiety scores of the group of spouses of PWE were significantly higher than those of the control group, but no difference in anxiety scores was found between group 2 and group 3 (p = 0.170). The mean PSQI score of group 3 was higher than that of group 2 (p = 0.029). However, regression analyses did not show any difference between these groups. Conclusion: We found that the PSQI scores, which reflected sleep quality, were higher among the spouses of PWE who had seizures during sleep and who had more severe epilepsy.

scholarly journals Manajemen Fatigue melalui Kombinasi Aerobik dengan Relaksasi Yoga pada Penderita Kanker Payudara dalam Program Kemoterapi

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Muhammad Taukhid
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
History Of

Background : Fatigue is feeling tired physically, psychologically, cognitively perceived cancer patients while undergoing therapies for the disease, including chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in the level of fatigue in cancer patients between before and after aerobic exercise combined with relaxation techniques of yoga. Methods :  This study used Quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control group in patients with breast cancer in the course of chemotherapy. The sampling methods used purposive sampling. The fatigue level was collected by subjective instruments Pipper Fatigue Scale (PFS), and then analyzed by the Independent and Dependent T test, and multivariate analysis used linear regression with a significance value of α 0.05. Results :  There were differences in the level of fatigue post-test between the intervention group and the control group with a difference of 1.25 (p = 0.013). History of previous exercise may explain the 17.8% level of fatigue that occurs in patients with breast cancer in the course of chemotherapy, the rest was explained by other variables. Conclusion : There were a decrease in the level fatigue statistically, however clinically the level of fatigue remain the same catagories.

150 Falls in Malaysia: Magnitude, Risk, Disparities, and Solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv34-iv39
Author(s):  
Maw Pin Tan ◽  
Sumaiyah Mat ◽  
Deepa Alex ◽  
Shahrul Bahyah Kamaruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
One Year ◽  
Risk Factors For Falls

Abstract The Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research (MELoR) study found 1 in 4 residents aged 65 years and over living in the Klang Valley of Malaysia fall at least once a year in their survey conducted between 2013 and 2015. Recent figures obtained from the First Older Persons’ National Health and Morbidity Survey conducted in 2018 revealed that 15% of Malaysians aged 60 years and over fall at least once a year. In a 10-year follow-up study involving 200 individuals who presented to the emergency department over a six-month period in 2002, 22% were no longer alive at one year, and 80% had died at 10 years. Older age, indoor falls, subsequent hospital admission and functional impairment predicted death at one year. Cross-sectional data from MELoR revealed ethnic differences in fall prevalence, with the ethnic Indians more likely to report falls in the past 12 months compared to the ethnic Malays. Independent risk factors for falls identified from MELoR were urinary incontinence, reduced grip strength, hearing impairment, comorbidities and reducing walking speed. The ethnic differences in falls in our population remain unexplained. Lifestyle and cultural practices may well be the underlying rationale, but genetic influences cannot currently be ruled out. The results of a randomized controlled trial on multifactorial interventions, the Malaysian Falls Assessment and Intervention Trial (MyFAIT), was published last year. Mo differences in falls outcomes with an individualized multifactorial intervention were observed, despite improvements in physical performance and psychological status in the intervention group compared to the control group. The research group has now secured two-year funding to evaluate post-fall behavior in our setting in the Life After Falls (LiAF) study. In addition, dissemination and upskilling efforts are underway through training workshops, formation of the Malaysian Falls Network (MyFalls) and collaborations with the private sector to increase awareness on falls and increase fall prevention efforts throughout the country.

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