scholarly journals Molecular Diagnosis of COVID-19: An Update and Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (03) ◽  
pp. 126-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketan Priyadarshi ◽  
Vijaya Lakshmi Nag ◽  
Sarika P. Kombade ◽  
Ravi Sekhar Gadepalli ◽  
Sanjeev Misra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Molecular Assays ◽  
Ssrna Virus ◽  
The World

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 belongs to genus Betacoronavirus subgenus Sarbecovirus of the family Coronaviridae, which originated as a global public health problem. The disease caused is termed as Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). The virus spread in more than 213 countries and territories all over the world and disease was declared as a pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped positive-sense single- stranded ribonucleic acid (ssRNA) virus. Severe infection and high-mortality are seen in patients with comorbid conditions like diabetes, hypertension, cancer, old age, malnutrition, children, and pregnancy. In India, strategy for testing of COVID-19 has been framed and revised over the course of time by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Department of Health Research (DHR), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW), Government of India. ICMR has created a network of viral research and diagnostic laboratories (VRDLs) all over the country, and COVID-19 testing has also been undertaken by ICMR. AIIMS Jodhpur is a regional level VRDL, mentoring 38 government and private laboratories for molecular diagnosis of COVID-19 in the states of Rajasthan and Gujarat. Currently, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay is used all over the country for diagnosis of COVID-19. It uses the TaqMan fluorogenic probe-based chemistry and 5′- nuclease activity of Taq DNA polymerase. It targets specific genes like the RdRp gene, HKU-Orf1ab gene, E gene, and N gene. Apart from rRT-PCR, other isothermal nucleic acid test (NAT)-like transcription-mediated amplification (TMA), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), etc. are emerging diagnostic tools to detect COVID-19. Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS- CoV-2 test and Truenat betaCoV are point-of-care molecular assays which gives results in less than 1 hour, and helps to provide rapid and accurate results. Automated molecular assays like Cobas SARS-CoV-2 and Multiplex NAAT BioFire Respiratory Panel 2.1 (RP2.1) are newer techniques to curb the disease. Sherlock CRISPR SARS-CoV-2 kit is a highly specific and sensitive assay developed to diagnose COVID-19. rRT-PCR has been combined with techniques like bead hybridization, digital droplet PCR, microarray, etc. for improving the correct diagnosis. Recent molecular assays are the future pillars for containment of COVID-19 outbreaks all over the world.

scholarly journals A CRITICAL REVIEW ARTICLE ON PANDU W.S.R. ANAEMIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2144-2150
Author(s):  
Shivam Kumar Nigam ◽  
Rita Singh ◽  
Sanjay Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Pandu Roga is one of the diseases mentioned in Ayurveda characterized by the changes in the skin colour to white (Shweta), yellowish (Peeta), greenish (Harita) etc. which is one of the “Varnopalakshita Roga" i.e., a disease characterized by the change in the colour. The clinical condition of Pandu in Ayurveda can be co-related with Anaemia described in Modern Medical Science, due to the resemblance in the clinical signs and symptoms. In Modern Medicine, Pandu is a pale appearance which may be due to the decreased blood supply to the skin or de- creased visibility of oxyhemoglobin. Anaemia is a major global public health problem and the most prevalent nu- tritional deficiency disorder in the world. This article presents the Ayurvedic concept of Pandu Roga (Anaemia). Keywords: Pandu, Vyadhi, Srotas, Anaemia, Pallor,

scholarly journals Epidemiology of attempted suicides in emergency of Mayo Hospital in 2004

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aftab Asif ◽  
Fatima Yusuf ◽  
Kamran Haider ◽  
Gul H ◽  
Usman S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
The World

Background: Suicide is one of the ten leading causes of death in the world, it ranks 8th leading cause in America and 4th as years of lost life. It accounts for more than 400,000 deaths annually. Different countries have different incidence rate and suicidal patterns, which are in accordance to their cultural, religious and social values. Suicide, a major global public health problem, is an under-studied and under researched subject in Pakistan, a conservative Islamic and developing country, with severe, legal, social and religious sanctions against it. Basic epidemiological data including national suicide rates are neither known nor reported to the World Health Organization. Despite this there is strong suggestive evidence that suicide not only occurs regularly but there has been an increase in the incidence over the last few years. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate all the cases that presented in Mayo hospital Lahore from the duration 1st January 2004-31st December 2004, of attempted suicide. We wanted to find out what area they belonged to, which age group had an increased incidence, what was the male to female ratio, What method of suicide was adopted and during which season was the incidence the greatest. Materials and methods: All people who attempted suicide (medico-legal cases) from 1st January 2004 to 31st December 2004 were included in the study. Detailed information was provided by forensic department in Mayo Hospital, about age, sex, date of attempt and area they belonged to. Results: showed a male dominance, also the age group of 21-30 years showed the greatest frequency. Greater number of cases belonged to the urban area, the most common mode of suicide was by poisoning and contrary to international studies the greatest number of attempts was during the summer season. Conclusion: The results in our study show that attempted suicidal rate has rapidly increased since 1995. In 2004 almost 4/day of attempted suicide (medico-legal) cases presented in the emergency department of Ma yo hospital compared to less than 0.4/day in 1995. Our study also shows male dominance in number of attempted suicide. It also showed that in our population 21-30years had the highest number of attempts. . Our study also shows a greater number of attempts during summer months where as in the western countries a greater number is shown during spring and winter.

Escalated Suicidal Rate of the Undergraduate Students of Bangladesh - Social Impact and Recommendations to Overcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahman MA ◽  
◽  
Islam MT ◽  
Rahmani N ◽  
Sultana E ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
University Undergraduate Students

Suicide has become one of the leading causes of deaths all over the world. It is considered as a global public health problem and a deviant behavior. People of different ages are committing suicide every day around the world for different reasons. University students, who are supposed to be the future of a country, are also accepting this path of deaths. Bangladeshi undergraduate students are also becoming the victims of suicide every day. In recent times, suicide ideation among the university undergraduate students is increasing. This article reveals the prevalence of suicide among the university undergraduate students and the factors associated with suicide ideation among the university undergraduate students of Bangladesh. It also focuses on the impact of these suicides on the family and society. To overcome this grave situation, some precautionary steps have been recommended at the end of this article. Keywords: Behavioral health; Mental disorder; Psychology; Public health; Suicide

scholarly journals Prevention of Social Stigma Related to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-94
Author(s):  
Arash Aliasghari ◽  
Marzieh Hossini ◽  
Fatemeh Rahimi ◽  
Kazhal Mobaraki ◽  
Jamal Ahmadzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Global Village ◽  
Critical Situation ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

As a result of the global crisis related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), confusion, anxiety, fear, and some psychological effects have been created among the general population in this global village. Unfortunately, these factors have provoked inappropriate behavior converting the infection to the virus to a social stigma, which can affect the dignity of people died due to COVID-19. In addition to the patient, the stigma can also affect interpersonal relationship among nurses, family members, friends, as well as social relationships. In this critical situation, we need to take care of each other with empathy, which is the key to successfully cope with the issue and prevent social stigma associated with COVID-19. This commentary evaluates the effects of social stigma related to COVID-19 and suggests some practical measures for the world communities to deal with this global public health problem.

scholarly journals Optimizing SARS-CoV-2 molecular diagnostic using N gene target: insights about reinfection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Contelli Klein ◽  
Mary Hellen Fabres Klein ◽  
Larissa Gomes Barbosa ◽  
Lívia Vasconcelos Gonzaga Knnup ◽  
Larissa Paola Rodrigues Venâncio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Molecular Test ◽  
Gene Target ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Remote Locations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Huge Challenge

AbstractIntroductionMolecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 is a huge challenge to many countries around the world. The cost of tests to check infected people is inaccessible since specialized teams and equipment are not disposable in remote locations. Herein, we compared the fitness of two primers sets to the SARS-CoV-2 N gene in the molecular diagnosis of COVID-19.Materials and MethodsThe 1029 patient samples were tested to presense/abscence molecular test using in house US CDC protocol. We compared the fitness of two primers sets to two different regions of N gene targets.ResultsBoth targets, N1 and N2 displayed similar fitness during testing with no differences between Ct or measurable viral genome copies. In addition, we verified security ranges Cts related to positive diagnostic with Ct above 35 value failuring in 66,6% after retesting of samples.Main conclusionOur data suggest that it is secure to use just one primer set to the N gene to identify SARS-CoV-2 in samples and the labs should be careful to set positive samples in high Ct values using high cutoffs.

Can a field molecular diagnosis be accurate? A performance evaluation of colorimetric RT-LAMP for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a hospital setting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Do Carmo Silva ◽  
Carlos Abelardo dos Santos ◽  
Geovana de Melo Mendes ◽  
Kézia Gomes de Oliveira ◽  
Marcio Neres Souza Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Testing Strategy ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

SARS-CoV-2 currently represents a serious global public health problem. Non-pharmaceutical intervention measures (NPIs) have been widely adopted, and the testing strategy since the beginning of the infection is the most...

A Comprehensive Study on COVID-19 Epidemiology, Anatomical Assemblage and Its Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer Sharma ◽  
◽  
Chourasiya R ◽  
Susha D ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Outbreak ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Global Public Health Problem ◽  
Novel Therapeutic ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The COVID-19, or also called SARS-CoV-2, which is causative agent of probably inevitable disease which is of big global public health problem. COVID-19 is a positive stranded RNA virus that is majorly found in wildlife & humans. And the outbreak of Novel Coronavirus is unleashing chaos across the world due to inadequate risk assessment with reference to insistence of problem. The COVID-19 pandemic has enrolled in a critical novel phase. When compared to MERS & SARS, SARS-CoV-2 has transmitted more rapidly, because of increased globalization and adaptation of Novel coronavirus. However, the recent outbreak of COVID-19 showing an immediate requirement for therapeutics targeting SARS-CoV-2. Here, we have discussed the different symptoms in COVID-19, SARS, MERS & common flu as well as structure of virus regarding its immune response and we are providing a brief about the Indian traditional plants as conceivable novel therapeutic pathways.

Recent Advances on Nanomaterials for Diagnostic, Treatment, and Prevention of COVID-19

2022 ◽  
pp. 389-411
Author(s):  
Rafael Vargas-Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Since the end of 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 virus, commonly known as COVID-19, has become an infectious disease that has produced a severe global public health problem that requires solutions from different scientific initiatives. Nanomaterials are used to diagnose, treat, and prevent the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Its potential is highlighted through specific applications and developments carried out by researchers around the world. In addition to highlighting the characteristics and properties of the COVID-19 virus, the purpose of the chapter is focused on describing the role that nanomaterials are playing and that must be overcome due to the pandemic. Future research directions are described to guide readers on the innovations that are required related to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. The impact that nanomaterials will have on COVID-19 will reduce the time for humans to return to the rhythm of life before the pandemic.

scholarly journals 2019 World Kidney Day Editorial - burden, access, and disparities in kidney disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deidra C. Crews ◽  
Aminu K. Bello ◽  
Gamal Saadi
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Renal Replacement Therapies ◽  
The World ◽  
Universal Health

Abstract Kidney disease is a global public health problem, affecting over 750 million persons worldwide. The burden of kidney disease varies substantially across the world, as does its detection and treatment. In many settings, rates of kidney disease and the provision of its care are defined by socio-economic, cultural, and political factors leading to significant disparities. World Kidney Day 2019 offers an opportunity to raise awareness of kidney disease and highlight disparities in its burden and current state of global capacity for prevention and management. Here, we highlight that many countries still lack access to basic diagnostics, a trained nephrology workforce, universal access to primary health care, and renal replacement therapies. We point to the need for strengthening basic infrastructure for kidney care services for early detection and management of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease across all countries and advocate for more pragmatic approaches to providing renal replacement therapies. Achieving universal health coverage worldwide by 2030 is one of the World Health Organization's Sustainable Development Goals. While universal health coverage may not include all elements of kidney care in all countries, understanding what is feasible and important for a country or region with a focus on reducing the burden and consequences of kidney disease would be an important step towards achieving kidney health equity.

scholarly journals Violence a global public health problem

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda L. Dahlberg ◽  
Etienne G. Krug
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
World Health ◽  
General Description ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

This article is a version of the Introduction to the World Report on Violence and Health, published by the World Health Organization (WHO). It presents a general description about this phenomenon and points some basic questions: concepts and definitions about the theme; the state of knowledge about it; nature and typology on violence; proposal of a quantitative and qualitative approach of an ecological model; responsibilities and functions of the public health sector and its potentiality to prevent and reduce violence in the world; the responsibilities of the nations and the policy makers in a intersetorial point of view; difficulties and obstacles for actuation and challenges for the health sector.

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