Malnutrition Essentials for Neurologists and Neurosurgeons: A Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alican Tahta ◽  
Yaşar B. Turgut ◽  
Cem Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Surgical Outcome ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Oxidative Stress Status ◽  
Essential Knowledge

AbstractMalnutrition still causes deaths in the world today and protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is characterized by increased oxidative stress, immune deficiency, and development of various infections. Even today, however, it is an underrecognized and undertreated entity in neurology and neurosurgery. In this report, we therefore seek to review the available literature regarding various factors affecting surgical outcome of children with malnutrition undergoing some neurosurgical interventions including shunt surgery and traumatic brain injury in intensive care unit, in addition its effects upon oxidative stress status and immunity. Furthermore, we attempt to provide essential knowledge of malnutrition affecting surgical outcome of patients with PEM. Based on available evidence in the published literature, it is concluded that it is a serious public health problem characterized by increased oxidative stress, immune deficiency, and development of various infections.

scholarly journals Sarcopenic Obesity in Liver Cirrhosis: Possible Mechanism and Clinical Impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1917
Author(s):  
Hiroki Nishikawa ◽  
Hirayuki Enomoto ◽  
Shuhei Nishiguchi ◽  
Hiroko Iijima
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Clinical Consequences

The picture of chronic liver diseases (CLDs) has changed considerably in recent years. One of them is the increase of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. More and more CLD patients, even those with liver cirrhosis (LC), tend to be presenting with obesity these days. The annual rate of muscle loss increases with worsening liver reserve, and thus LC patients are more likely to complicate with sarcopenia. LC is also characterized by protein-energy malnutrition (PEM). Since the PEM in LC can be invariable, the patients probably present with sarcopenic obesity (Sa-O), which involves both sarcopenia and obesity. Currently, there is no mention of Sa-O in the guidelines; however, the rapidly increasing prevalence and poorer clinical consequences of Sa-O are recognized as an important public health problem, and the diagnostic value of Sa-O is expected to increase in the future. Sa-O involves a complex interplay of physiological mechanisms, including increased inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, hormonal disorders, and decline of physical activity. The pathogenesis of Sa-O in LC is diverse, with a lot of perturbations in the muscle–liver–adipose tissue axis. Here, we overview the current knowledge of Sa-O, especially focusing on LC.

scholarly journals Dynamic Oral Texture Properties of Selected Indigenous Complementary Porridges Used in African Communities

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Makame ◽  
Tanita Cronje ◽  
Naushad M. Emmambux ◽  
Henriette De Kock
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Texture Properties ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Child malnutrition remains a major public health problem in low-income African communities, caused by factors including the low nutritional value of indigenous/local complementary porridges (CP) fed to infants and young children. Most African children subsist on locally available starchy foods, whose oral texture is not well-characterized in relation to their sensorimotor readiness. The sensory quality of CP affects oral processing (OP) abilities in infants and young children. Unsuitable oral texture limits nutrient intake, leading to protein-energy malnutrition. The perception of the oral texture of selected African CPs (n = 13, Maize, Sorghum, Cassava, Orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP), Cowpea, and Bambara) was investigated by a trained temporal-check-all-that-apply (TCATA) panel (n = 10), alongside selected commercial porridges (n = 19). A simulated OP method (Up-Down mouth movements- munching) and a control method (lateral mouth movements- normal adult-like chewing) were used. TCATA results showed that Maize, Cassava, and Sorghum porridges were initially too thick, sticky, slimy, and pasty, and also at the end not easy to swallow even at low solids content—especially by the Up-Down method. These attributes make CPs difficult to ingest for infants given their limited OP abilities, thus, leading to limited nutrient intake, and this can contribute to malnutrition. Methods to improve the texture properties of indigenous CPs are needed to optimize infant nutrient intake.

Grape seed and skin extract alleviates high-fat diet-induced renal lipotoxicity and prevents copper depletion in rat

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamel Charradi ◽  
Salem Elkahoui ◽  
Ines Karkouch ◽  
Ferid Limam ◽  
Ghaith Hamdaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Skin Extract ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Oxidative Stress Status ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Copper Depletion

Obesity is a public health problem that contributes to morbidity and mortality from diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and cancers. The purpose of this investigation was to analyse the link between obesity-induced oxidative stress, renal steatosis, and kidney dysfunction, as well as the protective effect of grape seed and skin extract. Rats were fed a standard diet or a high-fat diet for 6 weeks and were either treated or not treated with grape seed and skin extract. Fat-induced oxidative stress was evaluated in the kidney with a special emphasis on transition metals. High-fat diet induced triglyceride deposition and disturbances in kidney function parameters, which are linked to an oxidative stress status and depletion of copper from the kidney. Grape seed and skin extract abrogated almost all fat-induced kidney disturbances. Grape seed and skin extract exerted potential protection against fat-induced kidney lipotoxicity and should find potential application in other kidney-related diseases.

scholarly journals Asessment of protein energy malnutrition among the 6 to 59 months age children in sinkat locality red sea state

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilyas Tahani Babikir
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sea State ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protein Energy

Asessment of protein energy malnutrition among the 6 to 59 months age children in sinkat locality red sea state Poor children feeding practices can lead to malnutrition which is a major public health problem in developing countries including sudan. This cross sectional study was conducted during May 2011 to May 2012 to measure the prevalence rate of PEM among children of 6-59 months age and to assess the knowledge ,attitudes of mothers towards their children nutrition. A stratified sampling techniques were used for selected 384 children . The data collected by questionnaire and anthropometric measurement for weight & height of children and then categorized according to WHO guidelines. The result revealed that the prevalence rate was 72% ,most infected age range between 1 to 3years,only (27% ) of mothers continue breast feeding when children were infected with diarrhoea, also the result indicated that there is a significant relationship between the protein energy malnutrition and age of the children and family size , also the study indicated that the persistent diarrhea or repeated attacks of acute respirotary infection, malaria and measles were underlying causes of PEM particularly for children in border line. Therefore , increasing awareness to mothers about the nutrition ,and improvement of economic status of families is recommended.

NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND RELATED FACTORS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENT IN HUE CITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Tu Nguyen Minh ◽  
Nhung Pham Thi Kim ◽  
Hoa Tran Thi ◽  
Nga Nguyen Thanh ◽  
Thang Tran Binh
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Secondary School Student ◽  
The Body ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Protein Energy

Introduction: The change in perception of of appearance in the adolescent, which led to shift in the nutritional status of the body. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of nutritional status at this age needs attention and poses as a public health problem. Objectives: The aims of present study was to describle the prevalance of nutrituon status and obtain associated factors among secondary school student in Hue city. Material and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 613 students aged 11-14 years (6 th-9th grade) at two secondary high schools in Hue city. Students were enrolled in anthropometric measures and interviewed with the questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition accounted for 11.9%, of which severity was 3.9% and mild condition was 8.0%. The prevalence of overweight, obesity was 15.8% (overweight 12.9% and obesity 2.9%, respectively). Regarding factors associated with protein-energy malnutrition was found including educational of mother, dietary habits. Factors associated with overweightobesity including: mother education, snacking habits, eating too much rice. Female tend to be lower risk than male 80%. Conclusion: The prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition accounted for a high proportion of this study, and dietary habits were closely related to an increase in the prevalence of overweight-obesity. Key words: Protein-energy malnutrition, overweight-obesity, nutrition, secondary school, student

scholarly journals Serum Vitamin D Status its Associated Health Problem in Children with PEM

2021 ◽  
pp. 215-218
Author(s):  
Pallavi S. Dhulse ◽  
Archana Mourya
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Protein Energy

Background: Vitamin D insufficiency is an overall scourge with late gauges showing that more prominent than 50 % of the worldwide populace is in danger. Protein-energy malnutrition is probably going to be related with nutrient D admission insufficiency. The point of this review was survey serum vitamin D and its related medical issue in youngsters with protein energy ailing health Vitamin D deficiency is on the rise as a major public health problem in India. Majority of the population in India resides in areas receiving ample sunlight throughout the year; still vitamin D deficiency is a problem of growing concern 1, 2, 3. Skin complexion, poor sun exposure, vegetarian food habits and lower intake of vitamin D fortified foods could be attributing to the high prevalence of VDD in India. Objective: To assess serum vitamin D status its associated health problem among children with protein energy malnutrition. Methods: Evaluatory study cross sectional research design used to assess serum vitamin D status its associated health problem in children with Protein energy malnutrition in selected hospital of Wardha. 40 sample size taken who fulfils the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Non probability convenience sampling is used. Expected Results: This study is planned to assess serum vitamin D its health problem in children with Protein energy malnutrition. Hence, it expected that significant association between serum  vitamin D level and its  health problem (Weakness, lethargy, pain, developmental delay, fracture).

Oxidative Stress Status in Patients with Choledocholithiasis: Before and After Endoscopic Sphincterotomy and Biliary Clearance

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2172-2176
Author(s):  
Catalin Victor Sfarti ◽  
Alin Ciobica ◽  
Carol Stanciu ◽  
Gheorghe G. Balan ◽  
Irina Garleanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endoscopic Sphincterotomy ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameter ◽  
Extrahepatic Cholestasis ◽  
Biliary Clearance ◽  
Oxidative Stress Status ◽  
Before And After

Choledocholithiasis may cause biliary obstruction which leads to hepatocellular injury. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a possible mechanism involved in this disorder. This study evaluates the oxidative stress burden in patients with choledocholithiasis and secondary cholestasis, before and after endoscopic sphincterotomy. Experimental part: Patients diagnosed with choledocholithiasis and secondary extrahepatic cholestasis were included in the study between January 1st 2016 and October 31st 2016. In all patients oxidative stress markers were collected within 2 hours before and 48 hours after therapeutic ERCP. Selected markers were superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The results were compared to those from a group of 40 healthy subjects. Significantly lower concentrations of SOD (p = 0.03) and GPX (p [ 0.0001) activities, associated with an increased level of MDA level (p [ 0.0001) were shown in patients before biliary clearance compared with the healthy control group. After ERCP the only oxidative stress parameter which showed improvement was the SOD specific activity (p = 0.037). This study shows that extrahepatic cholestasis secondary to choledocholithiasis is associated with increased oxidative stress status. After biliary clearance one oxidative stress marker was significantly improved (SOD), suggesting a possible antioxidant effect of such procedure.

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