scholarly journals Disinfectants Used in Stomatology and SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Stawarz-Janeczek ◽  
Agata Kryczyk-Poprawa ◽  
Bożena Muszyńska ◽  
Włodzimierz Opoka ◽  
Jolanta Pytko-Polończyk
Keyword(s):  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Sodium Chlorite ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Cell Membrane Integrity ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Activity Loss ◽  
Number Of Publications

AbstractEffective disinfection is a basic procedure in medical facilities, including those conducting dental surgeries, where treatments for tissue discontinuity are also performed, as it is an important element of infection prevention. Disinfectants used in dentistry and dental and maxillofacial surgery include both inorganic (hydrogen peroxide, sodium chlorite-hypochlorite) and organic compounds (ethanol, isopropanol, peracetic acid, chlorhexidine, eugenol). Various mechanisms of action of disinfectants have been reported, which include destruction of the structure of bacterial and fungal cell membranes; damage of nucleic acids; denaturation of proteins, which in turn causes inhibition of enzyme activity; loss of cell membrane integrity; and decomposition of cell components. This article discusses the most important examples of substances used as disinfectants in dentistry and presents the mechanisms of their action with particular focus on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The search was conducted in ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus databases. The interest of scientists in the use of disinfectants in dental practice is constantly growing, which results in the increasing number of publications on disinfection, sterilization, and asepsis. Many disinfectants often possess several of the abovementioned mechanisms of action. In addition, disinfectant preparations used in dental practice either contain one compound or are frequently a mixture of active compounds, which increases their range and effectiveness of antimicrobial action. Currently available information on disinfectants that can be used to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in dental practices was summarized.

scholarly journals Two Polyketides Produced by Endophytic Penicillium citrinum DBR-9 From Medicinal Plant Stephania kwangsiensis and Their Antifungal Activity Against Plant Pathogenic Fungi

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1984679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyu Luo ◽  
Zhen Qing ◽  
Yecheng Deng ◽  
Zhiyong Deng ◽  
Xia’an Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Cell Membrane Integrity ◽  
Chinese Medicinal Plant

Endophytic fungi, especially those found in medicinal plants, are widely studied as producers of secondary metabolites of biotechnological interest. In this study, on the basis of an activity-directed isolation method and spectroscopic analysis, two active polyketides, citrinin (1) and emodin (2), were isolated and identified from the fermentation of the endophytic fungus Penicillium citrinum DBR-9. This fungus was isolated from the root tubers of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Stephania kwangsiensis. In vitro antifungal assay showed that the two polyketides displayed significant inhibition on hypha growth of tested plant pathogenic fungi with IC50 values ranging from 3.1 to 123.1 μg/mL and 3.0 to 141.0 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, the mechanism of the effects of emodin (2) on the pathogen revealed it could affect the colony morphology, destroy cell membrane integrity, and influence the protein synthesis of the tested fungal cell. This work is the first report of two polyketides-producing endophytic P. citrinum DBR-9 from the medicinal plant S. kwangsiensis. Our results present new opportunities to deeply understand the potential of these two polyketides as natural antifungal agents to control phytopathogens in agriculture.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Mammalian Serum Amyloid A1 against Candida albicans

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Gong ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
Melanie Ikeh ◽  
Li Tao ◽  
Yulong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cell Membrane Integrity ◽  
Amyloid A

ABSTRACT Mammalian serum amyloid A (SAA) is a major acute phase protein that shows a massive increase in plasma concentration during inflammation. In the present study, we demonstrate that the expression of mouse SAA1 in serum was increased when infected with Candida albicans, a major human fungal pathogen, in a systemic infection model. We then set out to investigate the antifungal activity of SAA proteins against C. albicans. Recombinant human and mouse SAA1 (rhSAA1 and rmSAA1) were expressed and purified in Escherichia coli. Both rhSAA1 and rmSAA1 exhibited a potent antifungal activity against C. albicans. We further demonstrate that rhSAA1 binds to the cell surface of C. albicans, disrupts cell membrane integrity, and induces rapid fungal cell death in C. albicans. Our finding expands the known functions of SAA1 and provides new insight into host-Candida interactions during fungal infection.

Quercetin in attenuation of ischemic/reperfusion injury: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Ashrafizadeh ◽  
Saeed Samarghandian ◽  
Kiavash Hushmandi ◽  
Amirhossein Zabolian ◽  
Md Shahinozzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Cell Membrane Integrity ◽  
Cell Membrane Disruption

Background: Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious pathologic event that occurs due to restriction in blood supply to an organ, followed by hypoxia. This condition leads to enhanced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-, and stimulation of oxidative stress via enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Upon reperfusion, blood supply increases, but it deteriorates condition, and leads to generation of ROS, cell membrane disruption and finally, cell death. Plant derived-natural compounds are well-known due to their excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Quercetin is a flavonoid exclusively found in different vegetables, herbs, and fruits. This naturally occurring compound possesses different pharmacological activities making it appropriate option in disease therapy. Quercetin can also demonstrate therapeutic effects via affecting molecular pathways such as NF-B, PI3K/Akt and so on. Methods: In the present review, we demonstrate that quercetin administration is beneficial in ameliorating I/R injury via reducing ROS levels, inhibition of inflammation, and affecting molecular pathways such as TLR4/NF-B, MAPK and so on. Results and conclusion: Quercetin can improve cell membrane integrity via decreasing lipid peroxidation. Apoptotic cell death is inhibited by quercetin via down-regulation of Bax, and caspases, and upregulation of Bcl-2. Quercetin is able to modulate autophagy (inhibition/induction) in decreasing I/R injury. Nanoparticles have been applied for delivery of quercetin, enhancing its bioavailability and efficacy in alleviation of I/R injury. Noteworthy, clinical trials have also confirmed the capability of quercetin in reducing I/R injury.

scholarly journals Integrating flexible electronics for pulsed electric field delivery in a vascularized 3D glioblastoma model

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie C. Lefevre ◽  
Gerwin Dijk ◽  
Attila Kaszas ◽  
Martin Baca ◽  
David Moreau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Multiphoton Microscopy ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Pulsed Electric Fields ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Cell Membrane Integrity

AbstractGlioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain tumor, very invasive and thus difficult to eradicate with standard oncology therapies. Bioelectric treatments based on pulsed electric fields have proven to be a successful method to treat cancerous tissues. However, they rely on stiff electrodes, which cause acute and chronic injuries, especially in soft tissues like the brain. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of delivering pulsed electric fields with flexible electronics using an in ovo vascularized tumor model. We show with fluorescence widefield and multiphoton microscopy that pulsed electric fields induce vasoconstriction of blood vessels and evoke calcium signals in vascularized glioblastoma spheroids stably expressing a genetically encoded fluorescence reporter. Simulations of the electric field delivery are compared with the measured influence of electric field effects on cell membrane integrity in exposed tumor cells. Our results confirm the feasibility of flexible electronics as a means of delivering intense pulsed electric fields to tumors in an intravital 3D vascularized model of human glioblastoma.

scholarly journals Physiological, Morphological and Antioxidant Responses of Pediococcus pentosaceus R1 and Lactobacillus fermentum R6 Isolated from Harbin Dry Sausages to Oxidative Stress

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1203
Author(s):  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Jianhang Xu ◽  
Qian Chen ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Baohua Kong
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Pediococcus Pentosaceus ◽  
Cell Membrane Integrity ◽  
Dry Sausages

As functional starter cultures and potential probiotics, the ability of lactic acid bacteria to resist oxidative stress is essential to maintain viability and functional properties. This study investigates the effects of H2O2 at different concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 3 mM) on the physiological, morphological, and antioxidant properties of Pediococcus pentosaceus R1 and Lactobacillus fermentum R6 isolated from Harbin dry sausages. The increase in H2O2 concentration induced a significant increase in reactive oxygen species and a decrease in intracellular ATP levels (p < 0.05). Based on scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electric conductivity analysis, H2O2 stress caused cell deformation, the destruction of cell membrane integrity, partial loss of the cytoplasm, and an increase in the cell conductivity of both strains. H2O2 stress with 1 mM or 2 mM concentrations could effectively improve the scavenging rates of free radicals, the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxide, and the total antioxidant capacity of both strains (p < 0.05). In conclusion, an appropriate oxidative stress contributed to the activation of the antioxidant defense system of both strains, conferred strains a better effect in inhibiting the oxidation of fermented foods, and improved the health of the host.

scholarly journals The importance of extracellular speciation and corrosion of copper nanoparticles on lung cell membrane integrity

2016 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 291-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Hedberg ◽  
Hanna L. Karlsson ◽  
Yolanda Hedberg ◽  
Eva Blomberg ◽  
Inger Odnevall Wallinder
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Copper Nanoparticles ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Cell Membrane Integrity

scholarly journals Effects of plant extracts on antioxidant status and oxidant-induced stress in Caco-2 cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Aisling Aherne ◽  
Joseph P. Kerry ◽  
Nora M. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Cell Membrane Integrity ◽  
Wide Range

Experimental evidence suggests that most herbs and spices possess a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities that may protect tissues against O2-induced damage. The objectives of the present study were: first, to determine the effects of plant extracts on the viability, membrane integrity, antioxidant status and DNA integrity of Caco-2 cells and second, to investigate the cytoprotective and genoprotective effects of these plant extracts against oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells. The plant extracts examined were rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and echinacea (Echinacea purpurea L.). Cell membrane integrity was assessed by the lactate dehydrogenase release assay. Viability was determined by the neutral red uptake assay (NRUA) and the concentration of compound that resulted in 50 % cell death (IC50) was calculated. Antioxidant status of the cells was assessed by measuring GSH content, catalase activity and superoxide dismutase activity. To examine their cytoprotective and genoprotective effects, Caco-2 cells were pre-treated with each plant extract for 24 h followed by exposure to H2O2. DNA damage was assessed by the comet assay and cell injury was determined by the NRUA. Rosemary was the most toxic (IC50 123 μg/ml) and echinacea the least toxic (IC50 1421 μg/ml). Sage was the only plant extract to affect the antioxidant status of the cells by increasing GSH content. Sage, oregano and rosemary protected against H2O2-induced DNA damage (olive tail moment and percentage tail DNA), whereas protection against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity was afforded by sage only.

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