COVID-19: Psychological Impact on Lockdown Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 026-033
Author(s):  
Bhuvaneswari Rajachandrasekar ◽  
K. C. Muraleedharan ◽  
Neethu Raj ◽  
Sakthivel Vaiyapuri ◽  
Aneena MS
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emotional Disturbance ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
P Value ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to surge throughout the entire world. Most of the impacted countries implemented preventive measures and lockdown to control the spread of the disease. This restriction developed psychological resilience in a wide range of the population. The objective of this study is to explore the impact on the mental health of the individuals caused by the unforeseen lockdown. Methods A cross-sectional online survey form had been designed leveraging the Google form. In the introduction section, the purpose of study and the details of the investigators were elaborately explained. The survey response was voluntary and ensured the confidentiality of the responder. The online survey consent procedures were well documented and shared with the participants. The Google forms were circulated through various social media platforms for data capturing, and the data were analysed using statistical software SPSS 23.0. A chi-squared test was performed to determine the association between demographic data and emotional data during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Result A total of 2,150 responses were received out of which two of them were discarded due to insufficient data so total 2,148 responses were taken for analysis. The prevalence rate of emotional disturbance is 56.8% and 43.2% in females and males respectively (p-value = 0.001). The participant age ranges between 18 and 98 years, the mean age of participants is 33.25 years and the standard deviation is 12.24. The emotional disturbance response data are significantly associated with marital status (p-value = 0.021), socioeconomic status (p-value < 0.001), occupation (p-value = 0.019), loved one who were affected with COVID-19 (p-value = 0.034), preventive medicines taken (p-value = 0.017), sleep disturbance (p-value < 0.001), need of psychological support (p-value = 0.001), difficulty in monthly bill settlement (p-value < 0.0001), anxiouness and worry all the time during COVID-19 (p-value < 0.0001). Conclusion The survey data discovered the significant association between lockdown during COVID-19 and the emotional disturbance of the general population. These findings required additional research to identify mental health further.

The Impact of Covid-19 on Medical Students: A Cross Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 2905-2909
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Haresh Kumar ◽  
Rakhi Kumari ◽  
Jawed Dars ◽  
Shahzaib Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Aim: To understand the psychological impact of COVID – 19 on Medical Students of a private sector Medical University in Karachi, Pakistan. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students studying at Hamdard College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, Pakistan. The data collection was done through online survey from July 2020 to December 2020. The study aimed to gather data from many medical students. A total number of 420 students were participated from Hamdard College of Medicine and Dentistry in Karachi, Pakistan. The participants were selected from all years of MBBS and BDS programs . Results: Out of 420 participants, 236 (56.2%) were male and 184 (43.8%) female, with a male:female ration of 1.28:1. Majority of participants were single as 411 (97.9%), of 224 (53.3%) students living with their family, 150 (35.7%) in hostel and 46 (11%) living with friends. In our sample 369 (87.9%) students studying in MBBS program while only 51 (12.1%) BDS, among those 80 (19%) medical students were in first year, followed by 122 (29%) second year, 65 (15.5%) third year, 54 (12.9%) fourth year and 99 (23.6%) studying in final year. IES-R scale and results shows 75 (17.9%) reported that PTSD is a clinical concern, probable diagnosis of PTSD 28 (6.7%) and majority rated as high enough to PTSD 133 (31.7%). Impact of event (revised) scale shows significant association with age and year of study with p value 0.026 and 0.002 respectively. Based on the PHQ9 scale, Gender, Living arrangements and the program enrolled in were reported significant association with depression p values 0.059, 0.008 and 0.006 respectively. Conclusion: Findings suggests high rate of anxiety, depression, and signs of PTSD in medical students due to COVID-19 which needs pressing attention and provision of professional help from mental health practitioners. Keywords: Impact, Covid-19, Medical students

Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and social determinants among the Portuguese population: study protocol (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Aguiar ◽  
Marta Pinto ◽  
Raquel Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Distance Measures ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and all physical distance measures implemented across the world have caused significant stress, anxiety and mental health implications in the general population. Unemployment, working from home and day-to-day changes may lead to a greater risk of poor mental health outcomes. OBJECTIVE To describe the protocol for a cross-sectional online study that aims to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. METHODS Individuals from the general population with 18 or more years of age living in Portugal were included. Data was collected between 10 November 2020 and 10 February 2021. An exponential non-discriminative snowball sampling method was applied to recruit participants. An online survey was prepared and shared on social network applications (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Linkedin, and WhatsApp groups) and through e-mail mailing lists for the recruitment of the “seeds”. RESULTS Analysis will be performed in accordance to the different variables and outcomes of interest based on quantitative methods, qualitative methods or mixed-methods, accordingly. As of 10 February 2021, 929 individuals had completed the survey. Results of the survey will be disseminated in national and international scientific journals during 2021-2022. CONCLUSIONS Our findings will have broad implications for understanding the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Portuguese residents as well as aspects related to informal economy. We also hope to be able to provide insights and guidelines for action to the Portuguese Government. In the end, we expect this protocol to provide a roadmap for other countries and researchers that would like to implement a similar questionnaire considering the related conclusions.

A Cross Sectional Study on Covid-19 Related Depression amongst the Population Working from Home during the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (14) ◽  
pp. 844-848
Author(s):  
Darshan Yallapp Jotibannad ◽  
Ayushi Devendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Working From Home

BACKGROUND Covid-19 has detrimental effects on physical and mental health globally. A large number of people have developed psychological disorders due to the pandemic. This study was an attempt to explore the occurrence of depression and its severity level amongst the population who are working from home online during the pandemic period. METHODS A cross sectional online survey was conducted by sharing Zung self-administered depression questionnaire using Google form. Informed consent was obtained from 106 participants and snowball sampling technique was used in the study. Chisquare test and P-value were also calculated to determine the level of significance and association between different variables.c RESULTS Out of 106 participants, 5 (4.71 %) were found to have depression. Females were more affected than men; higher numbers came from those living in a joint family and those who were not married. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlighted the incidence of depression amongst the group working from home during the pandemic. It is the need of the hour to recognise the psychological impact of the pandemic on an peoples’ minds and help them seek immediate help from their nearest health centre to overcome the sufferings they go through. KEYWORDS Covid-19 Pandemic, Depression, Mental Health

FAKTOR PSIKOSOSIAL DENGAN KEJADIAN DEPRESI PADA REMAJA (Studi Pada Siswa Kelas 12 SMA XY Jember)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Eqia Arum Azzahro ◽  
Jayanti Dian Eka Sari
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychosocial Factor ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThe psychosocial factor is one of the factors that caused depression in adolescents. The adolescent group is one group that has the potential for depression. The impact of depression caused psychosocial factor can affect mental health. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between psychosocial factor with depression in 12th grade XY high school student Jember. This study is an observasional study with a cross – sectional approach. The sample of this research is 158 samples and the samples use simple random sampling. Data were collected by conducting an online survey using a questionnaire are BDI - II (Beck Depression Inventory - II) and Y PSC - 17 (Youth The Pediatric Symptom- 17) in the google form. The research data were analyzed using the Chi-square test. The results showed that, there was a relationship between the psychosocial factor and the incidence of depression (p value = 0,000). The result of this research can be used as the basis for other research and can be used to make mental health regulations or programs appropriate to the problem.Keywords: Depression, Psychcosocial Factor, Adolescent. ABSTRAKFaktor psikososial merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab depresi pada remaja. Kelompok remaja merupakan salah satu kelompok yang berpotensi mengalami depresi. Dampak depresi yang ditimbulkan faktor psikososial dapat berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan mental. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor psikososial dengan depresi pada siswa kelas 12 SMA XY Jember. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 158 sampel dan pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan melakukan survei online menggunakan kuisioner BDI - II (Beck Depression Inventory - II) dan Y PSC - 17 (Youth The Pediatric Symptom-17) melalui google form. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara faktor psikososial dengan kejadian depresi (p value = 0,000). Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan dasar untuk penelitian lain dan dapat digunakan untuk membuat regulasi atau program kesehatan mental yang sesuai dengan permasalahannya.Kata Kunci: Depresi, Faktor Psikososial, Remaja.

scholarly journals How is the COVID-19 lockdown impacting the mental health of parents of school-age children in the UK? A cross-sectional online survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e043397
Author(s):  
Austen El-Osta ◽  
Aos Alaa ◽  
Iman Webber ◽  
Eva Riboli Sasco ◽  
Emmanouil Bagkeris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveInvestigate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on feelings of loneliness and social isolation in parents of school-age children.DesignCross-sectional online survey of parents of primary and secondary school-age children.SettingCommunity setting.Participants1214 parents of school-age children in the UK.MethodsAn online survey explored the impact of lockdown on the mental health of parents with school-age children, and in particular about feelings of social isolation and loneliness. Associations between the UCLA Three-Item Loneliness Scale (UCLATILS), the Direct Measure of Loneliness (DMOL) and the characteristics of the study participants were assessed using ordinal logistic regression models.Main outcome measuresSelf-reported measures of social isolation and loneliness using UCLATILS and DMOL.ResultsHalf of respondents felt they lacked companionship, 45% had feelings of being left out, 58% felt isolated and 46% felt lonely during the first 100 days of lockdown. The factors that were associated with higher levels of loneliness on UCLATILS were female gender, parenting a child with special needs, lack of a dedicated space for distance learning, disruption of sleep patterns and low levels of physical activity during the lockdown. Factors associated with a higher DMOL were female gender, single parenting, parenting a child with special needs, unemployment, low physical activity, lack of a dedicated study space and disruption of sleep patterns during the lockdown.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 lockdown has increased feelings of social isolation and loneliness among parents of school-age children. The sustained adoption of two modifiable health-seeking lifestyle behaviours (increased levels of physical activity and the maintenance of good sleep hygiene practices) wmay help reduce feelings of social isolation and loneliness during lockdown.

scholarly journals Experiences of nurses caring for respiratory patients during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: an online survey study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000987
Author(s):  
Nicola J Roberts ◽  
Carol A Kelly ◽  
Kate A Lippiett ◽  
Emma Ray ◽  
Lindsay Welch
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
British Thoracic Society ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
Free Text ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundNurses have been at the forefront of the pandemic response, involved in extensive coordination of services, screening, vaccination and front-line work in respiratory, emergency and intensive care environments. The nature of this work is often intense and stress-provoking with an inevitable psychological impact on nurses and all healthcare workers. This study focused on nurses working in respiratory areas with the aim of identifying and characterising the self-reported issues that exacerbated or alleviated their concerns during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsAn online survey was developed consisting of 90 questions using a mixture of open-ended and closed questions. Participant demographic data were also collected (age, gender, ethnicity, number of years qualified, details of long-term health conditions, geographical location, nursing background/role and home life). The online survey was disseminated via social media and professional respiratory societies (British Thoracic Society, Primary Care Respiratory Society, Association of Respiratory Nurse Specialists) over a 3-week period in May 2020 and the survey closed on 1 June 2020.ResultsThe study highlights the experiences of nurses caring for respiratory patients during the first wave of the pandemic in early 2020. Concerns were expressed over the working environment, the supply and availability of adequate protective personal equipment, the quality of care individuals were able to deliver, and the impact on mental health to nurses and their families. A high number provided free-text comments around their worries and concerns about the impact on their household; these included bringing the virus home, the effect on family members worrying about them, mental health and the impact of changing working patterns, and managing with children. Although both formal and informal support were available, there were inconsistencies in provision, highlighting the importance of nursing leadership and management in ensuring equity of access to services.ConclusionsSupport for staff is essential both throughout the pandemic and afterwards, and it is important that preparation of individuals regarding building resilience is recognised. It is also clear that psychological support and services for nurses and the wider healthcare team need to be available and quickly convened in the event of similar major incidents, either global or local.

scholarly journals Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Emergency Medicine Trainee Residents in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Quantitative Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Khobrani ◽  
Osama Kentab ◽  
Ahmad AAl Ibrahim ◽  
Gamil Abdellatif ◽  
Ahmed Mosad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Psychological Support ◽  
P Value ◽  
Training Level ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Psychological stress has been high among healthcare workers on the frontlines fighting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Emergency medicine (EM) residents are members of the frontline care teams in the fight against COVID-19, which puts them at a higher risk of psychological stress compared to other medical trainees. This study examined the psychological impact of this pandemic on EM trainee residents in Saudi Arabia.Methods: This cross-sectional quantitative study used a survey sent to EM trainee residents throughout Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire collected demographic data and included questions evaluating stress, anxiety, depression, and burnout experienced while working during the pandemic.Results: Of the 100 respondents eligible for inclusion, 85% were aged between 25 and 30, 32% were in the R1 training level, 52% were training in the Central region of Saudi Arabia, 92% were directly managing patients with COVID-19, 19% had been infected with COVID-19, 54% were satisfied with the personal protective equipment available, 52% were satisfied with the psychological support provided, and only 8% were aware of the psychological support program. Smokers (p-value = 0.025) and those training in the Southern region (p-value = 0.047) experienced the highest levels of anxiety. Those aged 31 to 35 (p-value = 0.014), smokers (p-value = 0.015), those in the R3 training level (p-value = 0.036), and those with relatives who had contracted COVID-19 (p-value = 0.02) reported the highest levels of depression. Those aged 36 to 40 (p-value = 0.015), who were married (p-value = 0.038), and those training in the Northern and Central regions (p-value = 0.002) experienced the highest levels of stress. Those aged 31 to 35 (p-value = 0.041), smokers (p-value = 0.044), and those with relatives who had contracted COVID-19 (p-value = 0.043) showed the highest levels of burnout.Conclusions: EM trainee residents have been exposed to significantly high psychological affectation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological support was underutilized if trainee residents were aware of it at all. Awareness workshops or on-the-job orientation for EM residents regarding psychological support is required.

scholarly journals Resiliency and mental health of school teachers in Okinawa

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Ratanasiripong ◽  
Takashi China ◽  
Nop T Ratanasiripong ◽  
Shiho Toyama
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the mental health issues among teachers globally and to investigate the significant factors that specifically impact the mental health of school teachers in Okinawa, Japan.Design/methodology/approachThis cross-sectional study examined depression, anxiety, stress, self-esteem and resiliency among 174 teachers from seven schools in Okinawa, Japan. The study questionnaire consisted of four parts, including demographic data, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale (DASS-42), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), and Connor-Davidson Resiliency Scale (CD-RISC). Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of mental health variables.FindingsOf the 174 teachers, 111 were females (64%) and 60 were males (35%). Average age of participants was 41.65 (SD = 10.07). Average number of years being a teacher was 15.50 (SD = 9.88). There was a significant gender difference in the level of self-esteem. Significant differences in anxiety were found among varying grade levels taught. Regression analyses indicated that resiliency and self-esteem significantly predicted depression, anxiety and stress among school teachers in Okinawa.Originality/valueThis is the first study among school teachers in Okinawa that examined the impact of resiliency and self-esteem on their mental health. To reduce psychological distress common within the teaching profession, social and environmental support should be provided within the school to better foster the successful promotion of teacher resiliency and self-esteem.

Understanding Client Empowerment: An Online Survey of Social Workers Serving People with Mental Health Issues

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialiang Cui ◽  
Limin Mao ◽  
Grenville Rose ◽  
Christy E Newman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract This study explored how social workers located in Sydney and Hong Kong conceptualised client empowerment. Further, it investigated these professionals’ perceived facilitators and barriers to their empowerment practices, based on an ecological framework. A cross-sectional online survey was used, where the original Empowerment Scale for clients with mental health issues was adapted to measure conceptualisation of client empowerment from social workers’ perspectives. Eighty-three social workers serving people with mental health issues (MHIs) in Sydney and eighty in Hong Kong responded. A two-factor model was generated suggesting that practitioners tend to conceptualise client empowerment into two aspects: a relation-based dimension and a resource-oriented one. Compared with their Sydney counterparts, the Hong Kong practitioners considered resource-oriented empowerment as more integral to client empowerment (t(161) = 4.17, p &lt; 0.001). Several key factors were found to be independently associated with endorsement of the two-factor client-empowerment model by practitioners: perceived less support from medical specialists but more support from teams serving the same client, perceived benefits of social work training and, finally, beliefs in the importance of social workers’ role in client empowerment. The study highlights the multiple dimensions of client empowerment and a wide range of inter-professional and sociostructural factors enabling social workers’ practices that support empowerment. Our paper highlights the role of professional empowerment as a stepping stone to enable their client-empowerment practices through policy support and inter-professional collaboration.

scholarly journals Mental Health and Psychological Impact during COVID-19 Pandemic: An Online Survey of Portuguese Higher Education Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Carlos Laranjeira ◽  
Maria Anjos Dixe ◽  
Olga Valentim ◽  
Zaida Charepe ◽  
Ana Querido
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Portuguese Higher Education

The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant psychological impact on vulnerable groups, particularly students. The present study aims to investigate the mental and psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors in a sample of Portuguese higher education students. An online cross-sectional study was conducted among 1522 higher education students selected by convenience sampling. The survey assessed mental health symptoms as well as sociodemographic variables, health-related perceptions, and psychological factors. Results were fitted to binary and multivariable logistic regression models. The overall prevalences of stress, anxiety, and depression were 35.7%, 36.2%, and 28.5%, respectively. Poor mental health outcomes were related with being female, having no children, living with someone with chronic disease, facing hopelessness, and lacking resilient coping. Future studies focusing on better ways to promote mental health and wellbeing among students are warranted. It is necessary to gather more evidence on the post-pandemic mental health using robust study designs and standardized assessment tools.

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