scholarly journals Influence of Smoking Habits on the Prevalence of Dental Caries: A Register-Based Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. de Araújo Nobre ◽  
Ana M. Sezinando ◽  
Inês C. Fernandes ◽  
Andreia C. Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Cumulative Survival ◽  
Caries Lesions

Abstract Objective The study aimed to evaluate the influence of smoking habit on the prevalence of dental caries lesions in a follow-up study. Materials and Methods A total of 3,675 patients (2,186 females and 1,489 males) with an average age of 51.4 years were included. Outcome measures were the incidence of dental caries defined as incipient noncavitated, microcavitated, or cavitated lesions which had been diagnosed through clinical observation with mouth mirror and probe examination evaluating change of texture, translucency, and color; radiographic examination through bitewing radiographs; or secondary caries through placement of a new restoration during the follow-up of the study. Statistical Analysis Cumulative survival (time elapsed with absence of dental caries) was estimated through the Kaplan–Meier product limit estimator with comparison of survival curves (log-rank test). A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the effect of smoking on the incidence of dental caries lesions when controlled to age, gender, systemic status, frequency of dental hygiene appointments, and socioeconomic status. The significance level was set at 5%. Results Eight hundred sixty-three patients developed caries (23.5% incidence rate). The cumulative survival estimation was 81.8% and 48% survival rate for nonsmokers and smokers, respectively (p < 0.001), with an average of 13.5 months between the healthy and diseased state diagnosis. Smokers registered a hazard ratio for dental caries lesions of 1.32 (p = 0.001) when controlled for the other variables of interest. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that smoking habit might be a predictor for dental caries.

The Efficacy of Etoposide-Based Therapy in Adult Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Leonard Naymagon ◽  
Douglas Tremblay ◽  
John Mascarenhas
Keyword(s):  
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Data supporting the use of etoposide-based therapy in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) arise largely from pediatric studies. There is a lack of comparable data among adult patients with secondary HLH. We conducted a retrospective study to assess the impact of etoposide-based therapy on outcomes in adult secondary HLH. The primary outcome was overall survival. The log-rank test was used to compare Kaplan-Meier distributions of time-to-event outcomes. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Ninety adults with secondary HLH seen between January 1, 2009, and January 6, 2020, were included. Forty-two patients (47%) received etoposide-based therapy, while 48 (53%) received treatment only for their inciting proinflammatory condition. Thirty-three patients in the etoposide group (72%) and 32 in the no-etoposide group (67%) died during follow-up. Median survival in the etoposide and no-etoposide groups was 1.04 and 1.39 months, respectively. There was no significant difference in survival between the etoposide and no-etoposide groups (log-rank <i>p</i> = 0.4146). On multivariable analysis, there was no association between treatment with etoposide and survival (HR for death with etoposide = 1.067, 95% CI: 0.633–1.799, <i>p</i> = 0.8084). Use of etoposide-based therapy was not associated with improvement in outcomes in this large cohort of adult secondary HLH patients.

scholarly journals A Proposal of a Personalized Surveillance Strategy for Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis of 9191 Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-wei Pan ◽  
Peng-liang Wang ◽  
Han-wei Huang ◽  
Lei Luo ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Surveillance Strategy ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Personalized Cancer

Background. In gastric cancer, various surveillance strategies are suggested in international guidelines. The current study is intended to evaluate the current strategies and provide more personalized proposals for personalized cancer medicine. Materials and Methods. In the aggregate, 9191 patients with gastric cancer after gastrectomy from 1998 to 2009 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Disease-specific survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to confirm the independent prognostic factors. As well, hazard ratio (HR) curves were used to compare the risk of death over time. Conditional survival (CS) was applied to dynamically assess the prognosis after each follow-up. Results. Comparisons from HR curves on different stages showed that earlier stages had distinctly lower HR than advanced stages. The curve of stage IIA was flat and more likely the same as that of stage I while that of stage IIB is like that of stage III with an obvious peak. After estimating CS at intervals of three months, six months, and 12 months in different periods, stages I and IIA had high levels of CS all along, while there were visible differences among CS levels of stages IIB and III. Conclusions. The frequency of follow-up for early stages, like stages I and IIA, could be every six months or longer in the first three years and annually thereafter. And those with unfavorable conditions, such as stages IIB and III, could be followed up much more frequently and sufficiently than usual.

Validation of CA-125 concentration nadir within the normal range following primary treatment as a predictor of survival for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC)

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 16007-16007
Author(s):  
A. Prat ◽  
J. Del Campo ◽  
S. Peralta ◽  
S. Cedres ◽  
A. Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Normal Range

16007 Background: Recent studies suggest that the CA-125 nadir within the normal range after surgery and chemotherapy treatment is a predictor of survival (Crawford, ASCO 2004; Crawford, Ann Oncol 2005) and relapse (Markman, J Clin Oncol 2006). In order to validate these previous findings, we have conducted a retrospective analysis of patients (pts) treated in our institution for EOC. Methods: Between March 1, 1997, and October 30, 2005, all pts treated for EOC at Vall d'Hebron University Hospital were identified from the tumor registry database and screened retrospectively for their standard prognostic factors (age at diagnosis (=65 vs. >65), stage (III-IV vs. IC-II), and suboptimal vs. optimal cytorreduction). Inclusion criteria: an elevated CA-125 at time of diagnosis (>35 U/mL); primary treatment (PT) that consisted in surgery and intravenous carboplatin/paclitaxel for a maximum of 6–9 cycles; complete clinical and radiological response to initial treatment with normalization of CA-125 (=35 U/mL); and disease status at the time of last follow-up. Standard Kaplan-Meier methods were used to plot the progression-free survival (PFS) of members of each of the nadir groups. The relative contribution of the different potential correlates of prognosis was assessed by the Cox proportional hazards method. Results: 123 pts were identified: 64 Group A (=10 U/mL), 42 Group B (11–20 U/mL), 17 Group C (21–35 U/mL). Median age: 56. Stage IC 25%, II 13%, III 52%, IV 10%. Median follow-up 39.2 months (m). Median PFS was 69.7 m, 27.7 m, and 15.8 m for A, B and C, respectively (p< .0001, log-rank test). The Cox model showed a highly-significant impact on PFS in relation to CA-125 nadir levels, residual tumor after surgery and stage. Hazard ratios (HR) for PFS (95% CI) of B vs. A, C vs. B, and C vs. A were 1.98 (p= .034), 2.35 (p= .02), and 4.67 (p< .001), respectively. HR for PFS (95% CI) of suboptimal vs. optimal cytorreduction and stage III-IV vs. IC-II were 1.84 (p= .058) and 3.2 (p= .002), respectively. Conclusions: The CA-125 nadir in the normal range following PT for EOC is a reproducible predictor of PFS in stage IC-IV. Prospective studies of maintenance-consolidation therapies or different approaches in selected pts based on CA-125 nadir seem warranted. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Effect of Ranitidine Intake on the Risk of Gastric Cancer Development

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1071
Author(s):  
SunMoon Kim ◽  
Suehyun Lee ◽  
JeeYoung Hong ◽  
Inseok Ko ◽  
Jong-Yeup Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Korean National Health Insurance

Gastric cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers globally, with high mortality, particularly in East Asia. Certain ranitidine products contain potentially carcinogenic N-nitrosodimethylamine. We investigated the potential association between gastric cancer risk and ranitidine intake using a nationwide cohort, extracted from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. In this longitudinal study, we employed a 1:1 propensity score matching according to sociodemographic factors. A total of 40,887 subjects were enrolled, of which 906 developed gastric cancer during the follow-up period. We investigated gastric cancer events during the follow-up period using the survival analysis, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate incidence, survival rate, and hazard ratio. The incidence of gastric cancer was 67,422; 67,470; and 67,444 person-years in the control, other histamine-2 blockers, and ranitidine groups, respectively. Because the adjusted hazard ratio of gastric cancer was 0.98 and 1.01 in the other histamine-2 blockers and ranitidine groups, respectively, we could not calculate the likelihood of gastric cancer development in the ranitidine group. Ranitidine intake did not significantly increase the incidence of gastric cancer. Therefore, the relative risk of gastric cancer may be low in patients taking ranitidine products in South Korea.

Impact of metastasectomy in the multimodality approach for BRAFV600E metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): The Mayo Clinic experience.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15045-e15045
Author(s):  
Benny Johnson ◽  
Zhaohui Jin ◽  
Mark J. Truty ◽  
Rory L. Smoot ◽  
Michael L. Kendrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mayo Clinic ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Survival Outcomes ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Free Survival

e15045 Background: BRAF V600E mutations are present in 7% of mCRC patients (pts) and portend a poor prognosis. Data guiding initial treatment decisions are limited. This study investigates the management approach and clinical impact of utilizing metastasectomy for pts with BRAF V600E mCRC. Methods: By using prospective clinical and molecular data from Mayo Clinic, pts with BRAF V600E mCRC were analyzed for clinical characteristics, treatment and survival outcomes. Statistical analyses utilized Kaplan-Meier method, Log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards models. Results: 164 pts with BRAF V600E mCRC were identified between 6/1999-8/2015. Complete follow up data were available for 52 pts. Median age of 65 years, 61% female, ECOG PS ≤ 1, 71% of pts had right sided tumors and 28% presented with liver limited metastasis. Only 7% (4/52) received FOLFOXIRI/BEV (average of 8 cycles). Peripheral neuropathy, pending BRAF status , and prior progression on FOLFOX, were the most common reasons documented for avoiding FOLFOXIRI/BEV. FOLFOX/BEV was the most common 1st line regimen used (32% of pts). Median overall survival (mOS) for all 52 pts was 25 months (mo) with median progression free survival (PFS) of 9.3 mo, reflecting worse survival when compared to BRAF wild-type control patients treated at Mayo Clinic (249 pts, mOS: 43 mo). With median follow up of 18.3 mo, 21 pts who underwent metastasectomy had improved OS (29.1mo vs. 22.7mo, HR = 0.33; CI: 0.12-0.78; p = 0.01) and PFS (13.6mo vs. 6.2mo, HR = 0.53, CI: 0.28-0.97; p = 0.03) when compared to the non-metastasectomy cohort, respectively. In multivariate analysis, metastasectomy remained statistically significant for improved survival outcomes (HR 0.52; 95% CI 0.07-1.02; p = 0.02). Median relapse-free survival after metastasectomy was 9.7 mo (95% CI, 5.5 mo-19.5 mo). Only 2 pts remain disease free at the time of last follow up, with 1 pt without recurrent disease for greater than 2 years (28.9 mo). Conclusions: The use of multimodality therapy incorporating metastasectomy for BRAF V600E mCRC is a critical component for enhanced survival outcomes.

Role of PTEN in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Progression

2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-425
Author(s):  
Riccardo Ricci ◽  
Nicola Maggiano ◽  
Federica Castri ◽  
Alessandro Rinelli ◽  
Marino Murazio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Suppressor Gene ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Mesenchymal Neoplasms ◽  
Immunohistochemical Assessment ◽  
Phosphatase And Tensin Homologue

Abstract Context.—Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are Kit/CD117-expressing mesenchymal neoplasms of uncertain malignant potential. The lack of a reliable method of prognostication hampers the selection of patients eligible for STI571 therapy. 10q22-q23 is a region involved in chromosomal losses found in a fraction of malignant primary and metastatic GISTs harboring PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10), a tumor suppressor gene often altered in human neoplasms. Objective.—To investigate the role of PTEN in GISTs, an issue that to our knowledge has not been addressed previously. Design.—PTEN status was determined in a series of 21 GISTs, with follow-up ranging between 6 and 198 months, using immunohistochemistry correlated with clinical data. Results.—A greater than 25% fraction of cells with low or absent PTEN immunostaining was detected in 9 GISTs, including all those showing malignancy. By the log-rank test, a fraction of PTEN-deficient cells greater than 25% was associated with malignancy (P &lt; .001). Percentage of cells underexpressing PTEN, size, cellularity, MIB-1 immunoreactivity, and coagulative necrosis proved to be associated with malignancy by Cox proportional hazards univariate analysis; low or absent expression of PTEN was the only factor selected by multivariate analysis (P = .03). Conclusions.—PTEN downregulation is implied in GIST progression. The immunohistochemical assessment of PTEN status appears to be a promising method of GIST prognostication.

Predictors of overall survival (OS) in patients (pts) with melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) in the modern era.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9540-9540
Author(s):  
Merve Hasanov ◽  
Denai R. Milton ◽  
Alicia Bea Davies ◽  
Elizabeth Sirmans ◽  
Chantal M Saberian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Leptomeningeal Disease ◽  
Significance Level

9540 Background: The management and OS of pts with metastatic melanoma have improved due to new systemic therapies. However, relatively little is known about the use of these treatments (tx) and their association with OS in pts with MBMs. We reviewed a large cohort of MBM pts to assess how pt demographics, disease characteristics, and MBM tx impact OS in the current era. Methods: Under an institutional review board-approved protocol, retrospective data were curated and analyzed from pts diagnosed with, and received tx for, MBM from 2014 to 2018 at the MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDA). Pts diagnosed with uveal or mucosal melanoma or other cancers were excluded. Pt demographics; timing and features of initial melanoma dx; timing and features of initial MBM dx; prior, initial and subsequent tx; and OS were collected. OS was determined from MBM dx to last clinical follow-up (FU). Pts alive at last FU were censored. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to estimate OS and to assess univariate group differences, respectively. Multivariable (MV) associations of OS with variables of interest were investigated with Cox proportional hazards models. Initial treatment of MBM was assessed as a time-varying covariate. All statistical tests used a significance level of 5%. Results: A total of 401 MBM pts were identified. The median age at MBM dx was 61; 67% were male and 46% had a BRAF V600 mutation. At MBM diagnosis dx, most (70%) pts were asymptomatic; 70% had concurrent uncontrolled extracranial disease; 36% had elevated serum LDH. Prior tx included immunotherapy (IMT) for 39% and targeted therapy (TTX) for 17%. The median number of MBMs was 2; 31% had > 3 MBMs. Median largest MBM diameter was 1.0 cm, 9% had MBM > 3.0 cm, and 5% had concurrent leptomeningeal disease (LMD). Tx received after MBM dx included stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS; 53% as initial tx for MBM, 67% at any time after MBM dx), whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT; 16%, 35%), craniotomy (12%, 19%), IMT (37%, 74%), and/or TTX (22%, 40%). 31% received steroids during initial MBM tx. At a median FU of 13.4 (0.0 - 82.8) months (mos), the median OS was 15.1 mos, and 1- and 2-year OS rates were 56% and 40%. Notably, gender, time to MBM dx, and BRAF status were not associated with OS (univariate analysis). On MV analysis, clinical features associated with worse OS included increased age, increased primary tumor thickness, elevated LDH, > 3 MBMs, +LMD, +symptoms, and prior tx with IMT. Among tx used at any time after MBM dx, WBRT (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.5-2.5) was associated with worse OS; SRS (HR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-0.8) and IMT (HR 0.6, 95% CI 0.5-0.8) were associated with improved OS. Conclusions: In one of the largest cohorts of MBM pts described to date, OS has improved in MBM pts in the current era. Prognostic factors for OS include pt age, primary tumor and MBM features, prior tx, and tx for MBM. Additional analyses to assess the interaction of tx, disease features, and OS will be presented.

scholarly journals Risk of migraine in iron deficiency anemia patients with or without iron supplementation usage: a nationwide database analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herng-Sheng Lee ◽  
Shih-Yu Lee ◽  
Wan-Ting Huang ◽  
Solomon Chih-Cheng Chen ◽  
Hsin-Yi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Taiwan National Health Insurance

IntroductionThis study evaluated the association between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and migraine and investigated the effects of iron supplementation, and comorbid conditions, including cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatic, endocrine, metabolic, and other diseases on migraine development.Material and methodsAll study subjects aged ≥20 years with newly diagnosed IDA in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database during 2000–2012 were enrolled. We matched IDA and non-IDA subjects according to age and sex at a 1:2 ratio. Our primary outcome was diagnosis of migraine, and the patients were monitored until the end of 2013. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the risk of migraine events in IDA.ResultsThe cumulative incidence of migraine in patients with IDA was 5.82 per 1,000 person-years, which was higher than that in the comparison group (3.99 per 1,000 person-years) during the follow-up period (log-rank test, p < 0.001). After controlling for potentially confounding factors, the risk of migraine was higher in the IDA group compared with the non-IDA group (the adjusted hazard ratio = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.51−1.87, p < 0.001). Female and ≤50 year-old IDA patients with or without iron supplementation use had an increased incidence of migraine (p < 0.05).ConclusionsOur study provided additional evidence of an increased risk of migraine in patients with IDA. We also found that females and ≤50 year-old IDA patients with or without iron supplementation use had an increased risk of migraines.

Loss to follow up among men who have sex with men and heterosexual men living with HIV in Haiti

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
W Dunbar ◽  
N Sohler ◽  
Y Coppieters
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Despite the benefits of adherence in HIV medication, health systems are struggling to keep all categories of patients in care due to loss to follow up (LTFU). Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at higher risk of HIV infection and also face several barriers to reach treatment, it is hypothesized that they may also have higher incidence of dropping-off. This study aims to determine whether MSM living with HIV have a greater risk of LTFU compared with heterosexual men and to identify the risk factors for the two groups. Methods A retrospective matched cohort study of electronic medical record data from 554 patients living with HIV and enrolled in care between 2015 and 2018 at a Port-au-Prince-based HIV clinic was performed. The 125 MSM and 429 heterosexual patients were matched on gender age and enrolment date. The primary outcome was LTFU defined as not refilling an ART prescription for a period of 90 days. MSM and heterosexual men was compared using t-tests and chi-square tests. The Kaplan-Meier technique was used to estimate time to LTFU after initiation of ART and the Cox Proportional Hazards regression model was used to determine predictors of LTFU. Results The sample had a mean age of 31.1 years (SD 8.0) for MSM and 32.4 years (SD 7.7) for heterosexual men. LTFU was significantly more common among the MSM group than the heterosexual group (MSM 48.8%, heterosexual men 34.7%; p = 0.012). Factors associated with LTFU were greater amongst younger patients, with lower educational and economic level. The median time to LTFU for MSM was 679 days and 1110 days for heterosexual men. The log rank test showed that this is statistically significant at p = 0.001. Conclusions This study showed that the risk of LTFU is significantly higher and the time to LTFU is significantly shorter for MSM relative to heterosexual men. Identifying predictors to LTFU in HIV clinical settings and providing appropriate services and supports are important steps in addressing this issue. Key messages Men who have sex with men continue to face barriers to effective HIV treatment in Haiti. Adapted interventions are needed to improve HIV care for Men who have sex with Men in Haiti.

scholarly journals Associations of Dietary Patterns with Incident Depression: The Maastricht Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1034
Author(s):  
Vincenza Gianfredi ◽  
Annemarie Koster ◽  
Anna Odone ◽  
Andrea Amerio ◽  
Carlo Signorelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Patient Health

Our aim was to assess the association between a priori defined dietary patterns and incident depressive symptoms. We used data from The Maastricht Study, a population-based cohort study (n = 2646, mean (SD) age 59.9 (8.0) years, 49.5% women; 15,188 person-years of follow-up). Level of adherence to the Dutch Healthy Diet (DHD), Mediterranean Diet, and Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension (DASH) were derived from a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and annually over seven-year-follow-up (using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire). We used Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to assess the association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms. One standard deviation (SD) higher adherence in the DHD and DASH was associated with a lower hazard ratio (HR) of depressive symptoms with HRs (95%CI) of 0.78 (0.69–0.89) and 0.87 (0.77–0.98), respectively, after adjustment for sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors. After further adjustment for lifestyle factors, the HR per one SD higher DHD was 0.83 (0.73–0.96), whereas adherence to Mediterranean and DASH diets was not associated with incident depressive symptoms. Higher adherence to the DHD lowered risk of incident depressive symptoms. Adherence to healthy diet could be an effective non-pharmacological preventive measure to reduce the incidence of depression.

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