scholarly journals Effects of Concentric and Eccentric Training on the Stiffness and Blood Circulation of the Patellar Tendon

2017 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. E43-E49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keitaro Kubo ◽  
Hideaki Yata
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Patellar Tendon ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tendon Stiffness ◽  
Before And After

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC) training on stiffness and blood circulation of the tendon, and clarify whether relative changes in tendon stiffness are related to those in tendon blood circulation. 17 subjects were assigned to training (n=9) and control (n=8) groups. Training group completed 12 weeks of unilateral training program for knee extensors. They performed 5 sets of CON or ECC at 80% of 1RM with 10 repetitions. Before and after training, cross-sectional area, stiffness, hysteresis, blood volume, and oxygen saturation of the patellar tendon were measured. Oxygen saturation significantly increased with CON and ECC. Stiffness significantly increased with CON but not with ECC. Other measured variables did not change after training. Furthermore, the relative change in tendon stiffness did not correlate with that in blood volume or oxygen saturation. In control group, measured variables did not change after training. These results suggest that tendon stiffness increased after CON but not after ECC; however no significant differences in the changes observed in size and blood circulation of the tendon were found between 2 protocols. Furthermore, changes in tendon stiffness were not related to those in tendon blood circulation.

Effects of High Frequency Exercise in Patients before and after Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Bäck ◽  
Bertil Wennerblom ◽  
Susanna Wittboldt ◽  
Åsa Cider
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
Before And After

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of high frequency exercise for patients before and after an elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), with special reference to maximal aerobic capacity, muscle function, health related quality of life (HRQoL), waist–hip ratio (WHR) and restenosis. Methods: A randomised, controlled study was performed in Sweden between 2004 and 2006 in thirty-seven patients (five women) with stable coronary artery disease (CAD), age 63.6 ± 6.9 years, randomised to either high frequency exercise or control group. The patients in the training group performed three endurance resistance exercises and trained on a cycle ergometer 30 min, 5 times a week for 8 months at 70% of VO2max. Results: Patients in the training group significantly improved their maximal aerobic capacity (15 (9–46) vs. 8 (0–18)% p ≤ 0.05), shoulder flexion ( p ≤ 0.01), shoulder abduction ( p ≤ 0.01) and heel-lift ( p ≤ 0.05) compared to the control group. There were no significant differences between the groups in HRQoL, WHR and restenosis. Conclusion: High frequency exercise in patients treated with PCI seems to improve maximal aerobic capacity and muscle function, which may reduce the risks of further progression of atherosclerosis. However, further larger studies are needed to fully investigate the effects of exercise in patients with PCI.

scholarly journals Patellar and Achilles Tendon Stiffness in Elite Soccer Players Assessed Using Myotonometric Measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iver Cristi-Sánchez ◽  
Claudia Danes-Daetz ◽  
Alejandro Neira ◽  
Wilson Ferrada ◽  
Roberto Yáñez Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Patellar Tendon ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Patellar Tendinopathy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Tendon Stiffness ◽  
Handheld Device

Background: Tendon overuse injuries are an issue in elite footballers (soccer players) and may affect tendon function. Achilles and patellar tendinopathy are the most frequent pathologies. Tendon stiffness, the relationship between the force applied to a tendon and the displacement exerted, may help represent tendon function. Stiffness is affected by training and pathology. Nevertheless, information regarding this mechanical property is lacking for elite soccer athletes. Hypothesis: Achilles and patellar tendon stiffness assessed using myotonometric measurements will be greater in elite soccer athletes than in control participants. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: Forty-nine elite soccer athletes and 49 control participants were evaluated during the 2017 preseason. A handheld device was used to measure Achilles and patellar tendon stiffness. Dominant and nondominant limbs were assessed for both groups. Results: A significantly stiffer patellar tendon was found for both the dominant and the nondominant limb in the elite soccer athletes compared with the control group. Nevertheless, no differences were found in Achilles tendon stiffness between groups. When comparing between playing positions in soccer athletes, no significant differences were found for both tendons. Conclusion: Greater patellar tendon stiffness may be related to an improvement in force transmission during muscle contraction. On the other hand, it seems that after years of professional training, Achilles tendon stiffness does not change, conserving the storing-releasing function of elastic energy. The nonsignificant differences between positions may be attributable to the years of homogeneous training that the players underwent. Clinical Relevance: The present study shows another technique for measuring mechanical properties of tendons in soccer athletes that could be used in clinical settings. In the future, this technique may help clinicians choose the best exercise protocol to address impairments in tendon stiffness.

scholarly journals Regional and muscle-specific adaptations in knee extensor hypertrophy using flywheel versus conventional weight-stack resistance exercise

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 827-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy R. Lundberg ◽  
Maria T. García-Gutiérrez ◽  
Mirko Mandić ◽  
Mats Lilja ◽  
Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Proximal Site ◽  
Before And After

This study compared the effects of the most frequently employed protocols of flywheel (FW) versus weight-stack (WS) resistance exercise (RE) on regional and muscle-specific adaptations of the knee extensors. Sixteen men (n = 8) and women (n = 8) performed 8 weeks (2–3 days/week) of knee extension RE employing FW technology on 1 leg (4 × 7 repetitions), while the contralateral leg performed regular WS training (4 × 8–12 repetitions). Maximal strength (1-repetition maximum (1RM) in WS) and peak FW power were determined before and after training for both legs. Partial muscle volume of vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), vastus intermedius (VI), and rectus femoris (RF) were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Additionally, quadriceps cross-sectional area was assessed at a proximal and a distal site. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between FW versus WS in muscle hypertrophy of the quadriceps femoris (8% vs. 9%), VL (10% vs. 11%), VM (6% vs. 8%), VI (5% vs. 5%), or RF (17% vs. 17%). Muscle hypertrophy tended (P = 0.09) to be greater at the distal compared with the proximal site, but there was no interaction with exercise method. Increases in 1RM and FW peak power were similar across legs, yet the increase in 1RM was greater in men (31%) than in women (20%). These findings suggest that FW and WS training induces comparable muscle-specific hypertrophy of the knee extensors. Given that these robust muscular adaptations were brought about with markedly fewer repetitions in the FW compared with WS, it seems FW training can be recommended as a particularly time-efficient exercise paradigm.

scholarly journals Autonomic modulation at rest and in response to postural change in adolescents with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 766-773
Author(s):  
Mariana Viana Rodrigues ◽  
Mileide Cristina Stoco-Oliveira ◽  
Talita Dias da Silva ◽  
Celso Ferreira ◽  
Heloisa Balotari Valente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Autonomic Modulation ◽  
Postural Change ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Background: Analysis of autonomic modulation after postural change may inform the prognosis and guide treatment in different populations. However, this has been insufficiently explored among adolescents with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Objective: To investigate autonomic modulation at rest and in response to an active sitting test (AST) among adolescents with DMD. Methods: Fifty-nine adolescents were included in the study and divided into two groups: 1) DMD group: adolescents diagnosed with DMD; 2) control group (CG): healthy adolescents. Participants’ weight and height were assessed. Lower limb function, motor limitations and functional abilities of the participants in the DMD group were classified using the Vignos scale, Egen classification and motor function measurement, respectively. The following variables were assessed before, during and after AST: systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), respiratory rate (f), oxygen saturation and heart rate (HR). To analyze the autonomic modulation, the HR was recorded beat-by-beat. Heart rate variability (HRV) indices were calculated in the time and frequency domains. Results: Differences in relation to groups were observed for all HRV indices, except LF/HF, oxygen saturation, HR and f (p < 0.05). Differences in relation to time and the interaction effect between group and time were observed for RMSSD, SD1, SD2, SD1/SD2, LFms2 and LFnu, HFun, SBP and DBP (p < 0.05). Differences in relation to time were also observed for the indice SDNN, FC and f (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Performing the AST promoted reduced autonomic modulation and increased SBP, DBP and HR in adolescents with DMD.

scholarly journals Effect of 12 Months of Exercise with Stachys Lavandulifolia Consumption on anxiety, Metabolic Syndrome Profiles and Antioxidant Defense and Lipid Peroxidation in Women with Syndrome Metabolic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali osali ◽  
Alireza Rostami
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Before And After

Abstract BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 months of aerobic exercise combining stachys lavandulifolia (S. lavandulifolia) consumption on anxiety, Metabolic Syndrome profiles and antioxidant defense (Glutathione) and lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde) in 50-65 years old women with syndrome metabolic.Methods48 women with syndrome Metabolic were randomly divided into four groups: exercise (n=12), exercise+S. lavandulifolia (n=12), S. lavandulifolia (n=12) and control group (n=12). S. lavandulifolia groups consumed 3 g aerial parts of S. lavandulifolia daily. Training groups performed an exercise protocol of aerobic exercise for 12 months (three sessions per week). Blood samples were obtained before and after training period for antioxidant indicators and lipid degradation measurement. Also, Beck anxiety questionnaire used for evaluating levels of anxiety. T-test and one-way analysis of variance were used for the evaluation of within-group and between-group differences, respectively.ResultsA significant increase was observed in serum levels of Malondialdehyde (P =0.004), Catalase indexes (Pvalue= 0.01), and Glutathione (P=0.001) in the training group and S. lavandulifolia groups after 12 months. Body weight, BMI, and SBP and Anexiety was decreased significantly greater in exercise +S. lavandulifolia group compared to control, exercise and S. lavandulifolia groups (P=0.001)ConclusionAnxiolytic effect and Anti-Oxidative Stress Activity was seen, so taking S. lavandulifolia along with exercises may have beneficial effects on reinforcement the antioxidant system and prevention of anxiety and The negative effects of indicators related to cardiovascular disease in women with metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Effect of Semi-Recumbent Position on Blood Oxygen Saturation in Postanesthetic Patients After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Chen ◽  
Yuelan Qin ◽  
Fanghua Gong
Keyword(s):  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Recumbent Position ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Bed Elevation ◽  
Before And After

BackgroundUndergoing general anesthesia and pneumoperitoneum could affect the lung function and comprise oxygenation in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients. Position of patients after surgery may affect lung function of these patients.AimTo observe the effect of semi-recumbent position on blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) in postanesthetic patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.MethodsA number of 225 patients who admitted to postanesthetic care unit after laparoscopic cholecystectomy from September 2016 to May 2017 were randomly assigned into the intervention group and the control group. The intervention group adopted a semi-recumbent position with head bed elevation by 10 to 20°, while the control received a supine position without lying on a pillow. Both groups received routine postanesthesia care. Data on SpO2 before and after extubation were collected. Independent t-test was used for data analysis.ResultsThere was no vomiting and cough reactions before and after extubation in both groups. Intervention group reported a significantly higher level of SpO2 at 1 minute and 30 minutes after extubation, compared to the control group (both ps < 0.05).ConclusionSemi-recumbent position with the head bed elevation could significantly increase the SpO2 level of postanesthetic patients, thus ensuring the safety of patients when removing the endotracheal tube.

Nature Enhanced Meditation: Effects on Mindfulness, Connectedness to Nature, and Pro-Environmental Behavior

2020 ◽  
pp. 001391652095245
Author(s):  
Travis N. Ray ◽  
Scott A. Franz ◽  
Nicole L. Jarrett ◽  
Scott M. Pickett
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Connectedness To Nature ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Before And After

Previous research suggests that meditation, a mindfulness exercise, could result in increased connectedness to nature and pro-environmental behavior. Exposure to nature also is associated with these outcomes. It was hypothesized that meditation alongside stimuli reminiscent of the natural environment would produce enhanced effects. Participants ( N = 97) were randomly assigned to complete a 4-week online meditation program consisting of a guided meditation paired with either nature sounds (“nature group”) or spa-like sounds (“control group”). Mindfulness, connectedness to nature, and pro-environmental behavior were assessed before and after the program. Meditation, in general, produced increases in mindfulness, connectedness to nature, and pro-environmental behavior. Additionally, the nature group had a greater rate of change in connectedness to nature when compared to the control group. The results extend previous cross-sectional research by demonstrating the beneficial effects of meditation on pro-environmental behavior and its theorized mechanisms, which may be informative for future research and interventions.

scholarly journals Interleukin-10 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor responses to the Mat Pilates training in women with multiple sclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 31668
Author(s):  
Elham Eftekhari ◽  
Masoud Etemadifar
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Before And After

AIMS: To determine the effect of Mat Pilates on serum levels of interleukin-10 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in women with multiple sclerosis.METHODS: Thirty women with multiple sclerosis with mild to moderate disability were recruited and randomly divided into equal Pilates training and Control groups. Patients in the training group accomplished a Pilates program three times a week for eight weeks. The Control group maintained their routine lifestyle. The serum level of interleukin-10 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor were measured before and after the protocol. The differences between groups were assessed by using analysis of covariance test to compare post-tests by considering covariate pre-tests (assuming a p-value <0.05 as significant).RESULTS: There were no significant changes in interleukin-10 (13.09±5.36 ng/ml in the Pilates training group compared to 13.21±4.76 ng/ml in the Control group, p= 0.81), whereas an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor was observed after eight-week Pilates training (11550.14±2619.60 ng/ml in the Pilates training group compared to 9664.35±3161.66 ng/ml in the Control group, p= 0.03).CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the intensity and duration of this protocol was not related to significant changes in interleukin-10, but was followed by an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor in these patients. Based on this finding, physical activity according to the individual’s ability is recommended for patients with multiple sclerosis, in parallel with drug therapy.

scholarly journals Effects of Supplementary Strength–Power Training on Neuromuscular Performance in Young Female Athletes

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Konstantina Karagianni ◽  
Olyvia Donti ◽  
Christos Katsikas ◽  
Gregory C. Bogdanis
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Power Training ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Neuromuscular Performance ◽  
Specific Performance ◽  
Before And After

This study examined the effects of a short-duration supplementary strength–power training program on neuromuscular performance and sport-specific skills in adolescent athletes. Twenty-three female “Gymnastics for All” athletes, aged 13 ± 2 years, were divided into a training group (TG, n = 12) and a control group (CG, n = 11). Both groups underwent a test battery before and after 10 weeks of intervention. TG completed, in addition to gymnastics training, a supplementary 7–9 min program that included two rounds of strength and power exercises for arms, torso, and legs, executed in a circuit fashion with 1 min rest between rounds, three times per week. Initially, six exercises were performed (15 s work–15 s rest), while the number of exercises was decreased to four and the duration of each exercise was increased to 30 s (30 s rest) after the fifth week. TG improved countermovement jump performance with one leg (11.5% ± 10.4%, p = 0.002) and two legs (8.2% ± 8.8%, p = 0.004), drop jump performance (14.4% ± 12.6%, p = 0.038), single-leg jumping agility (13.6% ± 5.2%, p = 0.001), and sport-specific performance (8.8% ± 7.4%, p = 0.004), but not 10 m sprint performance (2.4% ± 6.6%, p = 0.709). No change was observed in the CG (p = 0.41 to 0.97). The results of this study indicated that this supplementary strength–power program performed for 7–9 min improves neuromuscular and sport-specific performance after 10 weeks of training.

scholarly journals Side-Alternating Vibration Training for Balance and Ankle Muscle Strength in Untrained Women

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 590-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Styliani I. Spiliopoulou ◽  
Ioannis G. Amiridis ◽  
Georgios Tsigganos ◽  
Vassilia Hatzitaki
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Peroneus Longus ◽  
Ankle Muscle

Context: Side-alternating vibration (SAV) may help reduce the risk of falling by improving body balance control. Such training has been promoted as a strength-training intervention because it can increase muscle activation through an augmented excitatory input from the muscle spindles. Objective: To determine the effect of SAV training on static balance during 3 postural tasks of increasing difficulty and lower limb strength. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 21 healthy women were divided into training (n = 11; age = 43.35 ± 4.12 years, height = 169 ± 6.60 cm, mass = 68.33 ± 11.90 kg) and control (n = 10; age = 42.31 ± 3.73 years, height = 167 ± 4.32 cm, mass = 66.29 ± 10.74 kg) groups. Intervention(s): The training group completed a 9-week program during which participants performed 3 sessions per week of ten 15-second isometric contractions with a 30-second active rest of 3 exercises (half-squat, wide-stance squat, 1-legged half-squat) on an SAV plate (acceleration = 0.91–16.3g). The control group did not participate in any form of exercise over the 9-week period. Main Outcome Measure(s): We evaluated isokinetic and isometric strength of the knee extensors and flexors and ankle plantar flexors, dorsiflexors, and evertors. Static balance was assessed using 3 tasks of increasing difficulty (quiet bipedal stance, tandem stance, 1-legged stance). The electromyographic activity of the vastus lateralis, semitendinosus, medial gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, and peroneus longus was recorded during postural task performance, baseline and pretraining, immediately posttraining, and 15 days posttraining. Results: After training in the training group, ankle muscle strength improved (P = .03), whereas knee muscle strength remained unaltered (P = .13). Improved ankle-evertor strength was observed at all angular velocities (P = .001). Postural sway decreased in both directions but was greater in the mediolateral (P &lt; .001) than anteroposterior (P = .02) direction. The electromyographic activity of the peroneus longus increased during the sharpened tandem (P = .001) and 1-legged tasks (P = .007). No changes were seen in the control group for any measures. Conclusions: The SAV training could enhance ankle muscle strength and reduce postural sway during static balance performance. The reduction in mediolateral sway could be associated with the greater use of ankle evertors due to their strength improvement.

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