Cross Sectional Imaging of Solitary Lesions of the Neurocranium

Background Although a wide range of processes along the neurocranium are of a benign nature, there are often difficulties in the differential diagnosis. Method In the review CT/MRI scans of the head were evaluated retrospectively regarding solitary lesions along the neurocranium. The majority of the lesions were histologically proven. Results The purpose of the review is to present typical pathologies of the neurocranium and provide a systematic overview based on 12 entities, their locations, prevalence and radiological characteristics. Conclusion Processes, which primarily originate from the neurocranium have to be differentiated from secondary processes infiltrating the neurocranium. For this important diagnostic feature, MRI is typically essential, while the definitive diagnosis is often made on the basis of the medical history and the typical appearance on computer tomography. Key Points Citation Format

Download Full-text

Soames' & Southam's Oral Pathology

10.1093/oso/9780199697786.001.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Max Robinson ◽

Keith Hunter ◽

Michael Pemberton ◽

Philip Sloan

Keyword(s):

Skin Diseases ◽

Oral Pathology ◽

Pathological Features ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Oral Medicine ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Facial Region ◽

Wide Range ◽

Cross Sectional Imaging ◽

Key Aspects

A sound understanding of clinical oral pathology is essential if a dental clinician is to navigate successfully through clinical guidelines, make timely referrals to specialists, and provide good care for patients. This new edition of Soames' & Southam's Oral Pathology provides a clear and friendly guide for students, practitioners, and the whole dental team. Thoroughly updated for today's clinical practice, this textbook covers 'must-know' oral pathology and integrates key aspects of oral medicine. It begins by explaining the principles of clinical assessment, the synthesis of a differential diagnosis, and the selection of further investigations including laboratory tests. Ten chapters bring this theory to life by looking at the clinical and pathological features of a wide range of common oral diseases including oral cancer, salivary gland disorders, and diseases of the jaws. Two new chapters address skin diseases affecting the oro-facial region and neck lumps. A final chapter highlights the importance of clinical oral pathology in the context of systemic human disease. New radiology content includes examples of cross-sectional imaging. Photomicrographs have been replaced with carefully selected images to illustrate key pathological features. Each chapter includes key points boxes and tables to aid learning. Written by experts in both oral pathology and oral medicine, this new edition is a must-have for dentistry students, and those working in the field, providing current and trustworthy information.

Download Full-text

Imaging

10.1093/med/9780190607166.003.0002 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Laureno

Keyword(s):

Resonance Imaging ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Mri Scans ◽

Cross Sectional Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽

Cellular Pathology ◽

Brain And Spinal Cord ◽

The Brain

This chapter on “Imaging” examines the relative advantages and disadvantages of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. It compares the modalities to each other and to gross neuropathology. For several decades, neurologists have been able to view cross-sectional images of living patients. Analogous to gross neuropathology, cross-sectional imaging displays the brain as an entire organ but does not demonstrate microscopic tissue or cellular pathology. By allowing practitioners to view sections of brain and spinal cord in vivo, imaging has improved neurologic practice and facilitated clinical research. This chapter deals with imaging topics that are important to the neurologist. The timing of scans, the effects of gravity, and the importance of plane of section are considered. Imaging is compared to gross neuropathology, and MRI is compared to CT.

Download Full-text

A rare imaging case of bilateral plasmacytoma of the breast

BJR|case reports ◽

10.1259/bjrcr.20190131 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 20190131

Author(s):

Joleen Kirsty Eden ◽

Rita Borgen ◽

Rabea Haq ◽

Richard Dobrashian

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Learning Outcomes ◽

Case Reports ◽

Definitive Diagnosis ◽

High Grade ◽

Nodal Involvement ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Imaging ◽

Sectional Imaging

This case reports on secondary extramedullary multiple myeloma within both breasts in the absence of axillary nodal involvement and discusses the difficulty in interpretation with clinical recommendations and learning outcomes. Differentiating plasmacytic lesions in the breast is often difficult as clinical and radiological appearances are known to mimic benignity and high-grade primary breast cancer. Extramedullary presentation can determine progression of the disease and can necessitate cross-sectional imaging. Therefore definitive diagnosis is essential as the clinical management of the patient may be altered.

Download Full-text

Benign non-cystic scrotal tumors and pseudotumors

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1258/ar.2011.110185 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 102-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Shaile Philips ◽

Arpit Nagar ◽

Manjiri Dighe ◽

Raghunandan Vikram ◽

Abhijit Sunnapwar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Problem Solving ◽

Natural History ◽

Conservative Management ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Definitive Diagnosis ◽

Imaging Features ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Imaging ◽

Sectional Imaging ◽

The Cross

There is a wide spectrum of benign, non-cystic scrotal lesions that show characteristic histo-morphology and natural history. While sonography is the preferred modality for the diagnosis of both testicular and extratesticular masses, MRI is used as a problem-solving modality when sonographic findings are inconclusive. This article reviews the cross-sectional imaging features of benign, non-cystic, intra- and extratesticular lesions. Definitive diagnosis of benign scrotal lesions may lead to conservative management including testicular preserving surgery.

Download Full-text

Laryngeal Cysts in Adults: Simplifying Classification and Management

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/0194599817715613 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 157 (6) ◽

pp. 928-939 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Richard Heyes ◽

David G. Lott

Keyword(s):

Literature Search ◽

Rapid Onset ◽

Definitive Diagnosis ◽

Transoral Approach ◽

New Classification ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Primary Literature ◽

Cross Sectional Imaging ◽

Laryngeal Cyst

Objective Laryngeal cysts may occur at any mucosa-lined location within the larynx and account for 5% to 10% of nonmalignant laryngeal lesions. A number of proposed classifications for laryngeal cysts exist; however, no previously published classification aims to guide management. This review analyzes contemporary laryngeal cyst management and proposes a framework for the terminology and management of cystic lesions in the larynx. Data Sources PubMed/Medline. Review Methods A primary literature search of the entire Medline database was performed for all titles of publications pertaining to laryngeal cysts and reviewed for relevance. Full manuscripts were reviewed per the relevance of their titles and abstracts, and selection into this review was according to their clinical and scientific relevance. Conclusion Laryngeal cysts have been associated with rapid-onset epiglottitis, dyspnea, stridor, and death; therefore, they should not be considered of little significance. Symptoms are varied and nonspecific. Laryngoscopy is the primary initial diagnostic tool. Cross-sectional imaging may be required, and future use of endolaryngeal ultrasound and optical coherence tomography may revolutionize practice. Where possible, cysts should be completely excised, and there is growing evidence that a transoral approach is superior to transcervical excision for nearly all cysts. Histology provides definitive diagnosis, and oncocytic cysts require close follow-up. Implications for Practice A new classification system is proposed that increases clarity in terminology, with the aim of better preparing surgeons and authors for future advances in the understanding and management of laryngeal cysts.

Download Full-text

Weaning Strategy of Diuretics in Outpatient Preterm Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A National Survey

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1716491 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Keren Armoni Domany ◽

Israel Amirav ◽

Efraim Sadot ◽

Nir Diamant ◽

Dror Mandel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preterm Infants ◽

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽

Practice Patterns ◽

Response Rate ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Web Based ◽

Key Points ◽

Wide Range

Objective Long-term diuretic treatment in patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is common despite lack of data that support its use. We aimed to characterize the commonly used diuretics weaning strategies for outpatient clinically stable preterm infants with BPD. Study Design We conducted a cross-sectional web-based survey among all pediatric pulmonologists and neonatologists in Israel. Questionnaire included data regarding practitioners' different diuretics-weaning practice in this population. Results The response rate for pulmonologists and neonatologists were 35/50 (70%) and 36/120 (30%), respectively. When both oxygen and diuretics are used, 59% wean oxygen first and 32% wean diuretics first. If patients are solely on diuretics, 27% discontinue instantly, 34% decrease the dosage gradually, and 34% outgrow the discharge dosage. Significantly more pulmonologists decrease the dosage gradually, while more neonatologists discontinue at once (p < 0.001). Most participants (94%) reported being unsatisfied with the existing data and guidelines regarding these issues. Conclusion Our results showed a wide range of practice patterns in the weaning strategy of diuretics in outpatient preterm infants with BPD. Pulmonologists and neonatologists differ significantly in their weaning strategy. A prospective larger controlled study to explore the outcome of gradual tapering versus discontinuation without weaning is warranted. Key Points

Download Full-text

Congenital Anomalies of the Superior Vena Cava: Embryological Correlation, Imaging Perspectives, and Clinical Relevance

Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal ◽

10.1016/j.carj.2016.11.003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. 456-462 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Abed Ghandour ◽

Karunakaravel Karuppasamy ◽

Prabhakar Rajiah

Keyword(s):

Superior Vena Cava ◽

Congenital Anomalies ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Superior Vena ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Wide Range ◽

Cross Sectional Imaging ◽

Sectional Imaging

There is a wide spectrum of congenital anomalies of the superior vena cava, which are more increasingly recognized in cross-sectional imaging. Although some of these anomalies are asymptomatic, others have important clinical and interventional implications. Imaging modalities such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging play an important role in the accurate characterization of these anomalies, which is essential for mapping prior to surgeries or interventions. In this article, we review a wide range of anomalies of the superior vena cava, including the embryological basis, cross-sectional imaging findings, and clinical implications, particularly from an interventional radiology perspective. We also discuss the treatments and complications of these anomalies.

Download Full-text

Diagnostic imaging in adult non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis

Breathe ◽

10.1183/20734735.0009-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 190-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gunnar Juliusson ◽

Gunnar Gudmundsson

Keyword(s):

Severe Form ◽

Wall Thickening ◽

List Type ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Peripheral Airways ◽

Bronchial Lumen ◽

Key Points ◽

Cross Sectional Imaging ◽

Sectional Imaging ◽

Bronchial Dilatation

Radiology plays a key role in the diagnosis of bronchiectasis, defined as permanent dilatation of the bronchial lumen. Volumetric thin-section multidetector computed tomography is an excellent noninvasive modality to evaluate bronchiectasis. Bronchiectasis is categorised by morphological appearance. Cylindrical bronchiectasis has a smooth tubular configuration and is the most common form. Varicose bronchiectasis has irregular contours with alternating dilating and contracting lumen. Cystic bronchiectasis is the most severe form and exhibits saccular dilatation of bronchi. Bronchial dilatation is the hallmark of bronchiectasis and is evaluated in relation to the accompanying pulmonary artery. A broncho–arterial ratio exceeding 1:1 should be considered abnormal. Normal bronchi are narrower in diameter the further they are from the lung hila. Lack of normal bronchial tapering over 2 cm in length, distal from an airway bifurcation, is the most sensitive sign of bronchiectasis. Findings commonly associated with bronchiectasis include bronchial wall thickening, mucus plugging and tree-in-bud opacities. Bronchiectasis results from a myriad of conditions, with post-infectious bronchiectasis being the most common. Imaging can sometimes discern the cause of bronchiectasis. However, in most cases it is nonspecific or only suggestive of aetiology. While morphological types are nonspecific, the distribution of abnormality offers clues to aetiology.Key pointsBronchiectasis is a chronic progressive condition with significant disease burden and frequent exacerbations, for which the diagnosis relies on cross-sectional imaging.The major imaging findings include bronchial dilatation, bronchial contour abnormalities and visualisation of the normally invisible peripheral airways.Bronchiectasis is the end result of various conditions, including immunodeficiencies, mucociliary disorders and infections. Imaging is often nonspecific with regard to aetiology but can be suggestive.Distribution of abnormality in the lung offers helpful clues for establishing aetiology.Educational aimsTo review the cross-sectional imaging appearance of bronchiectasis and the common associated findings.To get a sense of how radiology can aid in establishing the aetiology of bronchiectasis.

Download Full-text

Bladder leiomyoma masquerading as a ureterocele

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2021-242866 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. e242866

Author(s):

Peter Grice ◽

Sophie O'Dowd ◽

Richard Parkinson ◽

Alvaro Bazo

Keyword(s):

Lower Urinary Tract ◽

Unique Case ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Delay In Diagnosis ◽

Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional Imaging ◽

Benign Nature ◽

Bladder Leiomyoma ◽

Bladder Mass ◽

Lower Urinary

We present a unique case of bladder leiomyoma that was mistakenly diagnosed as a ureterocele. The delay in diagnosis meant ongoing significant voiding lower urinary tract symptoms, which could have been avoided. This was eventually successfully treated by transurethral resection. Leiomyoma is the most common benign bladder mass and should be considered in the differential diagnosis when a smooth mass with normal overlying mucosa is seen on cystoscopy or a homogeneous, low density bladder mass is seen on cross-sectional imaging. Despite the benign nature of the lesion, leiomyoma can convey significant morbidity to the patient.

Download Full-text

Imaging in Common Anterior and Sellar/Perisellar Skull Base Lesions

Otorhinolaryngology Clinics - An International Journal ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10003-1073 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 135-150

Author(s):

Zena M Patel ◽

Santosh S Gupta

Keyword(s):

Skull Base ◽

Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

Skull Base Surgery ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Complex Anatomy ◽

Wide Range ◽

Cross Sectional Imaging ◽

Skull Base Lesions ◽

Sectional Imaging

ABSTRACT Skull base surgery is an advanced surgical subspeciality. A wide range of pathologies can primarily or secondarily involve the skull base. Due to its complex anatomy, cross-sectional imaging is an important part in the multidisciplinary approach for skull base lesions.

Download Full-text