Soil Responses to Monotonic and Cyclic Lateral Displacement of a Buried Pipe

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 04019012 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. H. Minh ◽  
D. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Buried Pipe ◽  
Soil Responses

scholarly journals Comparison of Novel Seismic Protection Devices to Attenuate the Earthquake Induced Energy

Actuators ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Osman Hansu ◽  
Esra Mete Güneyisi
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Time History ◽  
Seismic Protection ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
Seismic Demands ◽  
Nonlinear Time History Analyses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Protection Devices ◽  
Nonlinear Time History ◽  
Better Than

This study addresses an alternative use of viscous dampers (VDs) associated with buckling restrained braces (BRBs) as innovative seismic protection devices. For this purpose, 4-, 8- and 12-story steel bare frames were designed with 6.5 m equal span length and 4 m story height. Thereafter, they were seismically improved by mounting the VDs and BRBs in three patterns, namely outer bays, inner bays, and all bays over the frame heights. The structures were modeled using SAP 2000 software and evaluated by the nonlinear time history analyses subjected to the six natural ground motions. The seismic responses of the structures were investigated for the lateral displacement, interstory drift, absolute acceleration, maximum base shear, and time history of roof displacement. The results clearly indicated that the VDs and BRBs reduced seismic demands significantly compared to the bare frame. Moreover, the all-bay pattern performed better than the others.

scholarly journals Three-Axis Pneumatic Haptic Display for the Mechanical and Thermal Stimulation of a Human Finger Pad

Actuators ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Eun-Hyuk Lee ◽  
Sang-Hoon Kim ◽  
Kwang-Seok Yun
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Haptic Display ◽  
Positional Accuracy ◽  
Control Module ◽  
Haptic Displays ◽  
Human Finger

Haptic displays have been developed to provide operators with rich tactile information using simple structures. In this study, a three-axis tactile actuator capable of thermal display was developed to deliver tactile senses more realistically and intuitively. The proposed haptic display uses pneumatic pressure to provide shear and normal tactile pressure through an inflation of the balloons inherent in the device. The device provides a lateral displacement of ±1.5 mm for shear haptic feedback and a vertical inflation of the balloon of up to 3.7 mm for normal haptic feedback. It is designed to deliver thermal feedback to the operator through the attachment of a heater to the finger stage of the device, in addition to mechanical haptic feedback. A custom-designed control module is employed to generate appropriate haptic feedback by computing signals from sensors or control computers. This control module has a manual gain control function to compensate for the force exerted on the device by the user’s fingers. Experimental results showed that it could improve the positional accuracy and linearity of the device and minimize hysteresis phenomena. The temperature of the device could be controlled by a pulse-width modulation signal from room temperature to 90 °C. Psychophysical experiments show that cognitive accuracy is affected by gain, and temperature is not significantly affected.

Lateral obstacle avoidance control based on driving behavior recognition of the preceding vehicles in adjacent lanes

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 880-892
Author(s):  
Youguo He ◽  
Xing Gong ◽  
Chaochun Yuan ◽  
Jie Shen ◽  
Yingkui Du
Keyword(s):  
Obstacle Avoidance ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Longitudinal Velocity ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Lateral Acceleration ◽  
Lateral Motion ◽  
Behavior Recognition ◽  
Dynamic Surface ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper proposes a lateral lane change obstacle avoidance constraint control simulation algorithm based on the driving behavior recognition of the preceding vehicles in adjacent lanes. Firstly, the driving behavior of the preceding vehicles is recognized based on the Hidden Markov Model, this research uses longitudinal velocity, lateral displacement and lateral velocity as the optimal observation signals to recognize the driving behaviors including lane-keeping, left-lane-changing or right-lane-changing; Secondly, through the simulation of the dangerous cutting-in behavior of the preceding vehicles in adjacent lanes, this paper calculates the ideal front wheel steering angle according to the designed lateral acceleration in the process of obstacle avoidance, designs the vehicle lateral motion controller by combining the backstepping and Dynamic Surface Control, and the safety boundary of the lateral motion is constrained based on the Barrier Lyapunov Function; Finally, simulation model is built, and the simulation results show that the designed controller has good performance. This active safety technology effectively reduces the impact on the autonomous vehicle safety when the preceding vehicle suddenly cuts into the lane.

scholarly journals Driven Pile Effects on Nearby Cylindrical and Semi-Tapered Pile in Sandy Clay

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2919
Author(s):  
Massamba Fall ◽  
Zhengguo Gao ◽  
Becaye Cissokho Ndiaye
Keyword(s):  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Adaptive Mesh ◽  
Pile Driving ◽  
Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian ◽  
Axial Forces ◽  
Tapered Pile ◽  
Driven Pile ◽  
The Impact

A pile foundation is commonly adopted for transferring superstructure loads into the ground in weaker soil. They diminish the settlement of the infrastructure and augment the soil-bearing capacity. This paper emphases the pile-driving effect on an existing adjacent cylindrical and semi-tapered pile. Driving a three-dimensional pile into the ground is fruitfully accomplished by combining the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) adaptive mesh and element deletion methods without adopting any assumptions that would simplify the simulation. Axial forces, bending moment, and lateral displacement were studied in the neighboring already-installed pile. An investigation was made into some factors affecting the forces and bending moment, such as pile spacing and the shape of the already-installed pile (cylindrical, tapered, or semi-tapered). An important response was observed in the impact of the driven pile on the nearby existing one, the bending moment and axial forces were not negligible, and when the pile was loaded, it was recommended to consider the coupling effect. Moreover, the adjacent semi-tapered pile was subjected to less axial and lateral movement than the cylindrical one with the same length and volume for taper angles smaller than 1.0°, and vice versa for taper angles greater than 1.4°.

Geogrid bridging over existing shallow flexible PVC buried pipe – Experimental study

2021 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 103945
Author(s):  
Emran Alotaibi ◽  
Maher Omar ◽  
Abdallah Shanableh ◽  
Waleed Zeiada ◽  
Mohammed Y. Fattah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Buried Pipe

scholarly journals Focusing of Particles in a Microchannel with Laser Engraved Groove Arrays

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Tianlong Zhang ◽  
Yigang Shen ◽  
Ryota Kiya ◽  
Dian Anggraini ◽  
Tao Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Secondary Flows ◽  
Particle Sedimentation ◽  
Nanoparticle Separation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fs Laser ◽  
Channel Bottom ◽  
Myoblast Cells

Continuous microfluidic focusing of particles, both synthetic and biological, is significant for a wide range of applications in industry, biology and biomedicine. In this study, we demonstrate the focusing of particles in a microchannel embedded with glass grooves engraved by femtosecond pulse (fs) laser. Results showed that the laser-engraved microstructures were capable of directing polystyrene particles and mouse myoblast cells (C2C12) towards the center of the microchannel at low Reynolds numbers (Re < 1). Numerical simulation revealed that localized side-to-center secondary flows induced by grooves at the channel bottom play an essential role in particle lateral displacement. Additionally, the focusing performance proved to be dependent on the angle of grooves and the middle open space between the grooves based on both experiments and simulation. Particle sedimentation rate was found to critically influence the focusing of particles of different sizes. Taking advantage of the size-dependent particle lateral displacement, selective focusing of micrometer particles was demonstrated. This study systematically investigated continuous particle focusing in a groove-embedded microchannel. We expect that this device will be used for further applications, such as cell sensing and nanoparticle separation in biological and biomedical areas.

scholarly journals Integrated, Speckle-Based Displacement Measurement for Lateral Scanning White Light Interferometry

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2486
Author(s):  
Gert Behrends ◽  
Dirk Stöbener ◽  
Andreas Fischer
Keyword(s):  
White Light ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Displacement Measurement ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
White Light Interferometry ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Speckle Correlation ◽  
Dsc Measurements ◽  
Scanning White Light Interferometry ◽  
The Impact

Lateral scanning white light interferometry (LSWLI) is a promising technique for high-resolution topography measurements on moving surfaces. To achieve resolutions typically associated with white light interferometry, accurate information on the lateral displacement of the measured surface is essential. Since the uncertainty requirement for a respective displacement measurement is currently not known, Monte Carlo simulations of LSWLI measurements are carried out at first to assess the impact of the displacement uncertainty on the topography measurement. The simulation shows that the uncertainty of the displacement measurement has a larger influence on the total height uncertainty than the uncertainty of the displacing motion itself. Secondly, a sufficiently precise displacement measurement by means of digital speckle correlation (DSC) is proposed that is fully integrated into the field of view of the interferometer. In contrast to externally applied displacement measurement systems, the integrated combination of DSC with LSWLI needs no synchronization and calibration, and it is applicable for translatory as well as rotatory scans. To demonstrate the findings, an LSWLI setup with integrated DSC measurements is realized and tested on a rotating cylindrical object with a surface made of a linear encoder strip.

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