Improved Volume–Delay Function for Two-Lane Rural Highways with Impact of Road Geometry and Traffic-Flow Heterogeneity

2021 ◽  
Vol 147 (10) ◽  
pp. 04021066
Author(s):  
Ammar Šarić ◽  
Ivan Lovrić
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Rural Highways ◽  
Flow Heterogeneity ◽  
Delay Function ◽  
Road Geometry

Factors Affecting Traffic Accidents Density on Selected Multilane Rural Highways

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1183-1202
Author(s):  
Amjad H. Al-Bayati ◽  
Ahmad S. Shakoree ◽  
Zahraa A. Ramadan
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Rural Highways ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
Wide Range

Estimations of average crash density as a function of traffic elements and characteristics can be used for making good decisions relating to planning, designing, operating, and maintaining roadway networks. This study describes the relationships between total, collision, turnover, and runover accident densities with factors such as hourly traffic flow and average spot speed on multilane rural highways in Iraq. The study is based on data collected from two sources: police stations and traffic surveys. Three highways are selected in Wassit governorate as a case study to cover the studied locations of the accidents. Three highways are selected in Wassit governorate as a case study to cover the studied locations of the accidents. The selection includes Kut–Suwera, Kut–ShekhSaad, and Kut–Hay multilane divided highways located in the south of Iraq. The preliminary presentation of the studied highways was performed using Geographic Information System (GIS) software. Data collection was done to obtain crash numbers and types over five years with their locations, hourly traffic flow, and average spot speed and define roadway segments lengths of crash locations. The cumulative speed distribution curves introduce that the spot speed spectrum for each highway's whole traffic extends over a relatively wide range, indicating a maximum speed of 180 kph and a minimum speed of 30 kph. Multiple linear regression analysis is applied to the data using SPSS software to attain the relationships between the dependent variables and the independent variables to identify elements strongly correlated with crash densities. Four regression models are developed which verify good and strong statistical relationships between crash densities with the studied factors. The results show that traffic volume and driving speed have a significant impact on the crash densities. It means that there is a positive correlation between the single factors and crash occurrence. The higher volumes and the faster the driving speed, the more likely it is to crash. As the hourly traffic flow of automobile grows, the need for safe traffic facilities also extended. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091719 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals ROAD GEOMETRIC FEASIBILITY IN ROAD SAGARANTEN – TEGALBULEUD KM.BDG 175 + 100

ASTONJADRO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Paikun Paikun ◽  
Reffy W Andriani SP ◽  
Faldi Destaman ◽  
Dede Winardi
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Road ◽  
Geometric Data ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Geometric Planning ◽  
Geometric Feasibility ◽  
Spiral Type ◽  
Research Analysis

<p class="Normal1">The Sagaranten-Tegalbuleud road is a provincial road, with its geographic and topographic conditions quite complicated, the terrain quite difficult, causing not all areas to be well connected, and the reason for the low level of accessibility of this area. Therefore, determining the road geometry is an important part of driving comfort. Geometric planning focuses on horizontal and vertical alignments so that it can fulfill the basic functions of the road that provide optimal traffic flow comfort according to the planned speed. A re-survey was conducted to obtain geometric data on existing roads that did not comply with DGH standards, then it was re-planned. The results of the analysis are three bends with the Spiral-Circle-Spiral type, namely bend 9, bend 10 and bend 11 with RC = 17 m, and the slope is determined for the vertical geometrical alignment of the road. The results of this research analysis can be used as a reference for improving geometric roads so that accessibility between regions can be increased.</p>

scholarly journals Exploring Traffic Congestion on Urban Expressways Considering Drivers' Unreasonable Behavior at Merge/Diverge Sections

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kejun Long ◽  
Qin Lin ◽  
Jian Gu ◽  
Wei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Queue Length ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Cell Transmission Model ◽  
Spatiotemporal Evolution ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Road Design ◽  
Urban Expressway ◽  
Road Geometry

Mechanism of traffic congestion generation is more than complicated, due to complex geometric road design and complicated driving behavior at urban expressway in China. We employ Cell transmission model (CTM) to simulate traffic flow spatiotemporal evolution process along the expressway, and reveal the characteristics of traffic congestion occurrence and propagation. Here we apply the variable-length-cell CTM to adapt the complicated road geometry and configuration, and propose the merge section CTM considering drivers' mandatory lane-changing and other unreasonable behavior at on-ramp merge section, and propose the diverge section CTM considering queue length end extending expressway mainline to generate dynamic bottleneck at diverge section. In the new improved CTM model, we introduce merge ratio and diverge ratio to describe the effect of driver behavior at merge and diverge section. We conduct simulation on the real urban expressway in China, results show that merge section and diverge section are the original location of expressway traffic congestion generation, on/off-ramp traffic flow has great effect on expressway mainline operation. When on-ramp traffic volume increases by 40%, merge section delay increases by 35%. And when off-ramp capacity increases by 100 veh/hr, diverge section delay decreases about by 10%, which proves the strong interaction between expressway and adjacent road networks . Our results provide the underlying insights of traffic congestion mechanism in urban expressway in China, which can be used to better understand and manage this issue.

ANALISA KELAYAKAN SIMPANG EMPAT TAK BERSINYAL MENGGUNAKAN MANUAL KAPASITAS JALAN INDONESIA (Study khasus di Jl. Raya Barat arah ke Jl. Anggrek, Wonorejo, Kalipang, Sutojayan, Blitar, Jawa Timur)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Sugeng Yani Widodo ◽  
Yosef Cahyo ◽  
Sigit Winarto ◽  
Agata Iwan Candra
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Transportation Problem ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
The Future ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
Sunny Weather ◽  
Negative Impacts

The transportation problem is one of the main issues that are difficult to solve in several big cities. When congestion occurs, it can disrupt community activities. We already know that "congestion will cause various negative impacts, both on the driver and in terms of the economy and environment. The intersection of four highways, Blitar City, East Java, has the intensity of a dependable vehicle. This is because around the area, and there are markets, residential areas, public force terminals, and squares. Besides that, the place is accessible to public transportation from Blitar City to Malang City. In this study, the authors conducted a field survey of traffic flow, road geometry, and side barriers during rush hour during sunny weather for seven days at the intersection. From the results of the analysis, minor paths have disrupted major pathways and caused delays of 35%. This figure has exceeded the requirements recommended by MKJI 1997. From the results of this study, it can also be an evaluation material so that in the future, the intersection of four Highway, Blitar City, East Java, can be functioned better.Masalah transportasi adalah salah satu masalah utama yang tidak mudah dipecahkan di beberapa kota besar. Pada saat kemacetan terjadi bisa menggangu aktifitas masyarakat. Telah kita ketahui, bahwa kemacetan akan menimbulkan berbagai dampak negatif, baik terhadap pengemudi maupun ditinjau dari segi ekonomi dan lingkungan. Simpang empat Jl. Raya Barat, Kota Blitar, Jawa Timur merupakan salah satu persimpangan dengan intensitas kendaraan yang cukup padat. Hal ini disebabkan karena disekitar simpang empat tersebut terdapat pasar, pemukiman penduduk, terminal angkot, alun – alun. Selain itu, simpang empat tersebut merupakan akses untuk angkutan umum dari Kota Blitar menuju Kota Malang. Pada penelitian ini penulis melakukan survey lapangan terhadap arus lalulintas, geometri jalan, dan hambatan samping pada jam sibuk saat cuaca cerah selama 7 hari pada simpang empat tersebut. Dari hasil analisa, jalur minor sudah mengganggu jalur mayor dan menyebabkan tundaan sebesar 35%. Angka ini sudah melampaui syarat yang dianjurkan oleh MKJI 1997. Dari hasil penelitian ini juga dapat menjadi bahan evaluasi agar kedepannya simpang empat Jl. Raya Barat, Kota Blitar, Jawa Timur, bisa difungsikan dengan lebih baik.

New approach to determine number of lanes on freeway upgrades

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1033-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Chen ◽  
Chiu Liu ◽  
Zhongren Wang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Heavy Vehicle ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Highway Capacity Manual ◽  
Heavy Trucks ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
Slow Moving

A slow-moving heavy vehicle can substantially reduce traffic flow because the vehicle acts as a moving bottleneck. In particular, the bottleneck can be initiated on a long uphill freeway section where heavy trucks gain little acceleration and propagate upstream when the percentage of loaded trucks in the traffic is high. This paper finds an interesting relation between the bottlenecks and some physical factors including heavy vehicle characteristics, road geometry, traffic flow theory, and percentage of trucks in traffic. According to this relation, the paper provides two dimensionless physical parameters to characterize the formation and propagation of the queues initiated by loaded trucks on uniform upgrades, respectively. Based on the critical values of these parameters aforementioned, the paper can help transportation engineers to determine that the number of design lanes under the conditions that the growing bottlenecks initiate along upgrade section cannot be resolved by simply using equations and rules suggested in the 2000 edition of the Highway capacity manual.

scholarly journals Exploring Traffic Congestion on Urban Expressways Considering Drivers’ Unreasonable Behavior at Merge/Diverge Sections in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kejun Long ◽  
Qin Lin ◽  
Jian Gu ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Lee D. Han
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Queue Length ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Cell Transmission Model ◽  
Spatiotemporal Evolution ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Urban Expressway ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
A Cell

The mechanisms of traffic congestion generation are more than complicated, due to complex geometric road designs and complicated driving behavior at urban expressways in China. We employ a cell transmission model (CTM) to simulate the traffic flow spatiotemporal evolution process along the expressway, and reveal the characteristics of traffic congestion occurrence and propagation. Here, we apply the variable-length-cell CTM to adapt the complicated road geometry and configuration, and propose the merge section CTM considering drivers’ mandatory lane-changing and other unreasonable behavior at the on-ramp merge section, and propose the diverge section CTM considering queue length end extending the expressway mainline to generate a dynamic bottleneck at the diverge section. In the new improved CTM model, we introduce merge ratio and diverge ratio to describe the effect of driver behavior at the merge and diverge section. We conduct simulations on the real urban expressway in China, with results showing that the merge section and diverge section are the original location of expressway traffic congestion generation, and on/off-ramp traffic flow has a great effect on the expressway mainline operation. When on-ramp traffic volume increases by 40%, the merge section delay increases by 35%, and when off-ramp capacity increases by 100 veh/hr, the diverge section delay decreases about by 10%, which proves the strong interaction between expressway and adjacent road networks. Our results provide the underlying insights of traffic congestion mechanism in urban expressway in China, which can be used to better understand and manage this issue.

scholarly journals Analisis Dampak Gang pada Putaran Balik Terhadap Kinerja Ruas Jalan Raya Affandi Yogyakarta

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Prima J. Romadhona ◽  
Rizqi Imam Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Queue Length ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Traffic Performance ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
Median Opening

Jalan Affandi merupakan salah satu ruas jalan di Kota Yogyakarta yang mempunyai arus lalu lintas yang cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui nilai panjang antrian, tundaan, dan kecepatan di Jalan Affandi Yogyakarta akibat adanya posisi putaran balik yang terdapat di depan gang akses masuk. Selain itu, akan dimodelkan pula usulan manajemen lalu lintas untuk meningkatkan kinerja ruas jalan tersebut. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada hari Sabtu dan Rabu dan dimodelkan dengan perangkat lunak VISSIM. Selanjutnya, perhitungan perencanaan bukaan median fasilitas putar balik menggunakan standar dari Bina Marga 2005. Hasil analisis pada kondisi eksisting menunjukkan nilai panjang antrian dan tundaan masing-masing sebesar 67,03 m dan 22,61 s, sedangkan untuk kecepatan arah utara-selatan sebesar 23,04 Km/jam dan untuk arah Selatan-Utara sebesar 26,69 km/jam. Usulan alternatif I menunjukkan bahwa pemindahan dan penutupan bukaan median fasilitas putar balik sejauh 60 meter dari gang didapatkan penurunan hasil panjang antrian dan tundaan berturut-turut sebesar 91,84% dan 79,08%, serta untuk kecepatan kendaraan arah Utara-Selatan mengalami kenaikan sebesar 29,84% dan arah Selatan-Utara sebesar 33,39% dari kondisi eksisting. Usulan alternatif II menunjukkan bahwa pemindahan bukaan median sejauh 50 meter dari gang didapatkan penurunan hasil panjang antrian dan tundaan hasil sebesar 53,66 % dan 76,64 % serta untuk kecepatan kendaraan arah Utara-Selatan mengalami kenaikan sebesar 26,55% dan arah Selatan-Utara 32,80% dari kondisi eksisting. Kesimpulannya, semakin jauh posisi putaran balik dari gang, maka menunjukkan peningkatan kinerja lalu lintas yang lebih baik.Kata kunci: Median, Kinerja Lalu Lintas, U-Turn, VISSIMAffandi street was one of the area at Yogyakarta that has high traffic flow. The research data was conducted with field survey covering road geometry, traffic volume, queue length, delay, and vehicle speed on Saturday and Wednesday. The calculation of u-turn planning was used Bina Marga guideline then modelled with VISSIM software. At the existing conditions showed the queue length and delay were 67.03 meters and 22.61 seconds. The velocity at North-South was 23.04 km/h and at South-North direction was 26.69 km/h. The result of the solution I showed that the displacement of the u-turn as far as 60 meters from the alley obtained decreasing number of queue length and delay as much as 91.84% and 79.08%. Moreover, vehicle speed at North-South direction increased 29.84% and South-North increased 33.39% from existing conditions. On the other hand, solution II showed that the displacement of median opening as far as 50 meters from alley was obtained decreasing number of queue length and delay as much as 53.66% and 76.64%. Therefore, vehicle speed at north-south direction increased 26.55% and at South-North increased 32.80% from existing condition. Finally, the further position of u-turn from the alley, the better improvement of traffic performance.  Keywords: Median, Traffic Performance, U-Turn, VISSIM 

scholarly journals A Study on Volume, Speed and Lane Distribution of Mixed Traffic Flow by using Video Graphic Technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyam Prakash Koganti ◽  
Kommineni Hemantha Raja ◽  
Satish Sajja ◽  
M Sai Narendra
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Fatigue Behaviour ◽  
Vehicular Traffic ◽  
Mixed Traffic ◽  
Distribution Factor ◽  
Rural Highways ◽  
Directional Distribution ◽  
Mixed Traffic Flow ◽  
Traffic Composition

Lane Distribution Factor (LDF) is an integral part of load calculations on urban and rural highways. LDF describes the distribution of vehicular traffic across the roadway. It depends on the traffic composition, speed and volume, origin destination patterns of drivers etc. LDF is developed for transportation planners and highway engineers based on an estimation of macro level utilization of each lane by the total traffic volume. The above information is absolutely necessary to understand the fatigue behaviour of the pavements through number of probable applications of wheel loads on a portion of the pavement which also decides the required thickness. Accordingly, the IRC: 37 - 2012 suggested a set of Lane Distribution Factor for use in the design of flexible pavements. A Two lane road and an Intermediate lane road in urban environment are evaluated using Video Graphic technique. Analysis is carried out for the collected data and the results are also presented in detail for each category of vehicles. Lane distribution factors and Directional distribution factors are developed for both Two lane and Intermediate lane roads.  

Speed–Flow–Geometry Relationships and Capacity for Two–Lane Single Carriageway Roads

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Othman Che Puan ◽  
Nur Syahriza Muhamad Nor ◽  
Zamri Bujang
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
The United States ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
Microscopic Traffic Simulation ◽  
Highway Capacity Manual ◽  
Speed Flow ◽  
Potential Capacity ◽  
Road Geometry

The current Malaysian practice in road capacity analysis, Malaysian Highway Capacity Manual 2011 (MHCM) is based on a method adopted from the Highway Capacity Manual(HCM) of the United States. All the analysis elements appear to be taken directly from the manual. The rationale for using such a method for Malaysian conditions is not well defined. This paper deliberates the background of the methodology used in the development of speed, flow and geometry relationships and the capacity for single carriageway roads. A microscopic traffic simulation model which is capable of simulating traffic operations on single carriageway roads for a range of road geometry configurations and traffic flow conditions was developed and used to evaluate the potential capacity of a single carriageway road. The results of the analysis indicate that a two-lane single carriageway road is capable of accommodating traffic flow higher than the values derived from the previous HCM. The current version of the HCM also appears to underestimate the vehicles’ travel speed for a range of traffic flows when compared with the results of the simulation model. The MHCM 2011, on the other hand, estimated travel speeds higher than the travels speeds predicted by both the HCM 2010 and simulation model. It shows that there is a different interpretation of LOS F in term of speed between HCM 2010 and MHCM 2011.

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