Classification of transport interchange hubs: A case study of Moscow

Transport interchange hubs (TIH) combine the features of public buildings and transportation facilities. Their functional diversity and technological features dictate their uniqueness and the inability to use standard space-planning solutions. Classification and research of the TIH will help to successfully develop and implement a large number of objects simultaneously. The author describes an approach to the TIH classification according to the following features: capacity (volume of passenger traffic), composition (number of modes of transport), functionality, location in the city and planning structure.

Contextual Route Recommendation System in Heterogeneous Traffic Flow

The traffic composition in developing countries comprises of variety of vehicles which include cars, buses, trucks, and motorcycles. Motorcycles dominate the road with 77.5% compared to other types. Meanwhile, route recommendation such as navigation and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) is limited to particular vehicles only. In this research, we propose a framework for a contextual route recommendation system that is compatible with traffic conditions and vehicle type, along with other relevant attributes (traffic prediction, weather, temperature, humidity, heterogeneity, current speed, and road length). The framework consists of two phases. First, it predicts the traffic conditions by using Knowledge-Growing Bayes Classifier on which the dataset is obtained from crawling the public CCTV feeds and TomTom digital map application for each observed road. The performances of the traffic prediction are around 60.78–73.69%, 63.64–77.39%, and 60.78–73.69%, for accuracy, precision, and recall respectively. Second, to accommodate the route recommendation, we simulate and utilize a new measure, called road capacity value, along with the Dijkstra algorithm. By adopting the compatibility, the simulation results could show alternative paths with the lowest RCV (road capacity value).

Detour-Impact Index Method and Traffic Gathering Algorithm for Assessing Alternative Paths of Disrupted Roads

Infrastructure plays a key role in society. Recent collapses of bridges have underlined their importance for road functionality, causing disruptions to commuters and emergency vehicles. Major issues arise on rural roads, where the lack of redundancy leads to the isolation of entire communities. Actual approaches to assess the resilience of countryside roads rely on the availability of specific datasets, limiting their practical application; this issue is typically related to traffic data. This research aims to propose innovative algorithms to assess the road network’s vulnerability in rural areas, including a novel traffic data collection process and its calibration. The aggregate metric is called Detour-Impact Index (DII) and compares user costs before and after a disruptive event. The method uses traditional network-impact metrics in combination with a new algorithm that allows us to gather quantitative traffic data starting from qualitative information. User travel time showed good agreement between the proposed procedure and traditional web-based methods. Furthermore, the paper provides user delay costs functions accounting for traffic composition, trip purposes, vehicle operative costs, nonlinear volume–capacity relation, and average daily traffic. A significant aspect is the adaptability of this framework, as it is designed to be coupled with existing approaches. The method is demonstrated on a case study in Tuscany (Italy).

A Bus Signal Priority Model at Oversaturated Intersection under Stochastic Demand

This paper focuses on the optimization of bus signal priority with the consideration of the stochastic traffic demand. Based on a situation of the variability of traffic composition, the phase clearance reliability (PCR) value of each phase and traffic composition ratio is introduced to reflect the traffic condition at intersection. Then, a bus signal priority optimization model is proposed with the purpose of the maximum of the total vehicular departure as the optimization goal. In order to obtain the optimal solution, an improved algorithm is designed by introducing the PCR value search strategy. Finally, two cases’ study is exhibited to demonstrate the reasonability of the model, theory, and algorithm. The result shows that the model can not only clear the queue under the condition of continuous dynamic traffic flow but also reduce the vehicle queuing and passenger delay.

The effect of the traffic composition on the urban traffic capacity. Passenger car equivalent coefficients

Predicting the traffic capacity and its elements requires bringing the traffic flow represented by various vehicles to uniformity expressed in the equivalent number of passenger cars, through the use of the passenger car equivalent coefficients (PCE). The currently used in Russian Federation passenger car equivalent coefficients are taken on the basis of studies of the capacity of the Russian Federation, carried out in the 70s - 80s of the last century on rural roads, where most of the vehicles were heavy vehicles. Currently, the traffic flow is mostly represented by passenger cars. The riding qualities of cars, especially trucks, have changed significantly. This situation is especially common to Moscow. In this regard, the question of clarifying the traffic flow composition and revising the passenger car equivalent coefficients becomes relevant. The article presents the methodology and results of studies carried out on the route sections between road crossings to determine the passenger car equivalent coefficients and the traffic composition in Moscow.

Keynote Speech: Technologies for Smart Transportation

The application of ITS is in an infant stage in India. The traffic stream in the western countries are lane based in nature with the major traffic composition including cars and a fewer percentage of trucks, which makes the data collection from the detectors less challenging. However, the Indian traffic being composed of different varieties of vehicles such as two-wheelers, three-wheelers, cars, buses and trucks moving without any lane disciplines makes the data collection a challenging task. Identification of suitable sensors for data collection under Indian traffic conditions by itself is a challenge. Numerous researches are currently being carried out to analyse the effectiveness of sensors for data collection under Indian traffic conditions such as Bluetooth sensors, Wi-Fi sensors, RFID sensors etc.

Gaining a realistic fatigue load model using sensor-based measurements

<p>In this article, fatigue calculations based on the modified fatigue load model 4 (ELM 4) of the recalculation guideline of BASt are compared with an object-specific calculation of sensor-based measurements, using the Lichfield Bridge in Limburg an der Lahn as an example. A central part of this contribution consists of the presentation of the data evaluation, with the help of which a weight distribution and the traffic composition of the five standard trucks of the modified ELM 4 could be evaluated. Another focus lies on the evaluation of the economic consequences of these modified damage calculations.</p>

Estimating Lateral Placement and Lane Indiscipline of Urban Mixed Traffic in Developing Country: An ANN Assisted Approach

Information of lateral placement and lane indiscipline are useful in simulation of a mixed traffic stream and identifying the distressed portion of a pavement. In spite of these utilities, inadequate investigation was made to estimate the lateral placement of vehicles under prevailing traffic conditions. In a typical mixed traffic situation, vehicles having different static and dynamic characteristics take any lateral gap across the carriageway left empty by other surrounding vehicles and move in an untidy manner. It leads to variation in lateral placement of vehicles governed by the subject vehicle type. This paper explores the potential factors that influence lateral placement of vehicles and presents an Artificial Neural Network based approach to quantify lateral placement and lane indiscipline in context of undivided urban roads. Further, sensitivity analysis revealed how different traffic parameters like traffic volume, traffic composition and directional split influence lateral placement and lane indiscipline of a vehicle category.

Analysis of saturation flow on isolated lanes of controlled intersections with significant traffic intensity

The methods and results of the investigation of intervals between vehicles during queue dissipation before controlled intersections with the further determination of saturation flow are reviewed in this paper. Having reviewed existing methods of determining the saturation in traffic flows, those are determined which provide the most certain results in conditions of intensive movement and take into account quite a large number of impact factors. Such methods are based on experimental measurement of intervals between vehicles during their passage through the stop-line in different directions of the controlled intersection. For the completeness of the analysis of such intervals, such factors are considered additionally as traffic composition and use of lanes by directions. Objects of the research are controlled intersections on approaches to which the slope is absent, there is no pedestrian and cyclist movement during the performance of turn, and conflicting traffic flows and also public transport stops in the zone of the intersection. The transitional research result is the determination of the number of vehicles that pass the stop-line during the permissive signal and time intervals between them, and the final result is the oncoming of saturation period on the lanes of straight and turns movement depending on traffic flow composition.

Results of Micro-Simulation Model for Exploring Drivers’ Behavior on Acceleration Lanes

This study examines drivers’ behavior on acceleration lanes, close to the convergence between the main and the secondary traffic streams, by means of traffic micro-simulations. Experimental data collected videotaping two acceleration lanes in Italy have been used to initially calibrate a simulation model and to validate it subsequently. The analyses had focused on both vehicles coming from the on-ramp, in terms of entrance points dispersion into the main traffic stream along the acceleration lanes, merging speeds, and acceleration rates reached, and on vehicles driving on the freeway right lane, in terms of vehicles categories, traffic volumes, and speeds. The maneuvers have been implemented in the TransModeler traffic simulation package and several scenarios have been considered, changing the traffic composition and the speeds at which drivers enter the acceleration lane from time to time. This led to obtain a large number of case studies, where the mutual influence between the two flows combined with the vehicle performances and the psychophysical characteristics of drivers, have led to an initial evaluation of the main variables in respect of which the required length for the specialized lanes depends. Road design guidelines’ standards have been later compared to what was observed in reality and it can be claimed that the microscopic traffic model in some cases confirms the standards of road design guidelines while, in other cases, contradicts them.