The Location of Services Involved with International Trade

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
K O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Port Development ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Producer Service ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Service Location ◽  
Statistical Record ◽  
Selection Of

Services that link buyer and seller across nations and continents have long been a part of city and port development, but have not attracted much research interest, perhaps because they remain (like their statistical record) ‘invisible’. Technical and structural change in the organisation of shipping, reflected largely in containerisation, have changed the context for these services and they have responded in a variety of ways. Data in this paper trace the location of a selection of these services in the USA and Australia, indicating a separation between services and negotiations on aspects of trade services, and new patterns of physical activity in trade. It is suggested that this separation may be facilitated by the standardisation that has come with containerisation, the importance of intercorporate linkages, the role of official markets, and the application of modern communication technology. These aspects account for the clustering of services in large cities and their separation from day-to-day trade business, and could provide insights for producer-service location in general. The paper indicates the need for survey work to test these ideas.

scholarly journals Long COVID and the role of physical activity: a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e047632
Author(s):  
Helen Humphreys ◽  
Laura Kilby ◽  
Nik Kudiersky ◽  
Robert Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Insight Into

ObjectivesTo explore the lived experience of long COVID with particular focus on the role of physical activity.DesignQualitative study using semistructured interviews.Participants18 people living with long COVID (9 men, 9 women; aged between 18–74 years; 10 white British, 3 white Other, 3 Asian, 1 black, 1 mixed ethnicity) recruited via a UK-based research interest database for people with long COVID.SettingTelephone interviews with 17 participants living in the UK and 1 participant living in the USA.ResultsFour themes were generated. Theme 1 describes how participants struggled with drastically reduced physical function, compounded by the cognitive and psychological effects of long COVID. Theme 2 highlights challenges associated with finding and interpreting advice about physical activity that was appropriately tailored. Theme 3 describes individual approaches to managing symptoms including fatigue and ‘brain fog’ while trying to resume and maintain activities of daily living and other forms of exercise. Theme 4 illustrates the battle with self-concept to accept reduced function (even temporarily) and the fear of permanent reduction in physical and cognitive ability.ConclusionsThis study provides insight into the challenges of managing physical activity alongside the extended symptoms associated with long COVID. Findings highlight the need for greater clarity and tailoring of physical activity-related advice for people with long COVID and improved support to resume activities important to individual well-being.

Otto Kirchheimer - Gesammelte Schriften

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Party Systems ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Contemporary History ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Post War ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
Industrial Societies ◽  
Selection Of

The fifth volume in this six-volume collection of Otto Kirchheimer’s (1905–1965) works is entitled Politische Systeme im Nachkriegseuropa (Political Systems in post-war Europe) and contains 34 works by Kirchheimer, published between 1950 and 1967, on changes to political orders in modern industrial societies. Geographically, these studies focus not only on the Federal Republic of Germany but also on developments in other Western European democracies, the USA and the GDR. In these writings, Kirchheimer pays particular attention to changes in the party systems in these countries, the changing role of the parliamentary opposition, the calculated influence of associations and interest groups, the intensification of bureaucracy and the strengthening of the executive, and the political attitudes and expectations of citizens in modern democracies. In addition, this volume contains a comprehensive bibliography of all Kirchheimer’s published works plus a selection of his unpublished writings. This book will appeal to all those interested in politics, law, contemporary history and sociology.

scholarly journals Reasons of Weakeningh Pupils’ Learning Motivation: Attitude of Parents

Pedagogika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
Violeta Jegelevičienė ◽  
Odeta Merfeldaitė ◽  
Asta Railienė
Keyword(s):  
School Attendance ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Motivation To Learn ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Learning Time ◽  
Academic Achievements ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Education Process ◽  
Selection Of

One of the major challenges faced by school pedagogues is to increase pupils’ motivation which affects the pupils’ attitude toward school, relations with teachers, learning time and efforts, involvement and participation in the education activities, academic achievements, behaviour and many other factors. According to the research, the pupil’s learning motivation and achievements are influenced by the parents’ engagement into the education process. However, in Lithuania there is still lack of continuous relationship between the school and family, including communication, cooperation and coordination. The aim of this article is to reveal the parents’ view on the involvement in the education process by promoting learning motivation of pupils. The article analyses how parents identify the phenomenon of weakening pupils’ learning motivation and what is the role of the class tutor in cooperating with parents while solving the learning motivation problem. The research was carried out in February–May 2015 and involved n = 418 parents of children studying in grades five and eight. The selection of parents was based on the probability sample: multistage sampling. In order to empirically justify the attitude of parents toward the reasons of pupils’ weakening learning motivation, it was necessary to identify the assumptions of their involvement in the solution of this problem. The inquiry was carried out only of parents of five and eight grade pupils of the large cities, therefore the conclusions shall not be applicable to the entire parents’ population. Pursuant to the research and according to the parents’ opinion the motivation of pupils’ learning is decreasing because of the curriculum and education process: the amount of learning load and organisation of the learning process. A very important factor of weakening learning motivation is a pupil himself/herself: his/her abilities and school attendance. Usually the parents treat weakening of learning motivation with learning achievements or with the information received from school. Involvement into the education process is usually promoted by the class tutor whose activities help parents identify the phenomenon of weakening pupils’ motivation to learn.

The United States and Elections in Africa (2015–2018)

2019 ◽  
pp. 58-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Urnov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
The United States ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Us ◽  
Global Leader ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

As a self-proclaimed “Global Leader” the United States have made “the assertion, advancement, support and defense of democracy” throughout the world one of the pillars of their foreign policy. This aim invariably figures in all Washington’s program documents pertaining to Africa. A major component of these efforts is an assistance to regular, free and fair elections. The selection of arguments cited to justify such activities has been done skilfully. In each specific case it is emphasized that the United States do not side with any competing party, stand “above the battle”, work for the perfection of electoral process, defend the rights of opposition and rank and file votes, render material and technical help to national electoral committees. Sounds irreproachable. However, the real situation is different. The study of the US practical activities in this field allows to conclude that Washington has one-sidedly awarded itself a role of a judge and supervisor of developments related to elections in the sovereign countries of Africa, tries to control the ways they are prepared and conducted. These activities signify an interference into the internal affairs of African states. The scale and forms of such interference differ and is subjected to tasks the USA try to resolve in this or that country on the national, regional or global levels. However, everywhere it serves as an instrument of penetration and strengthening of the US influence, enhancing the US political presence in African countries. The right of the US to perform this role is presented as indisputable. Sceptics are branded as opponents of democracy. The author explores the US positions and activities connected with elections in Africa during the last years of B.Obama and first two years of D.Trump presidencies. He shows how their policy have been implemented on the continental level and in regard to several countries – South Sudan, Libya, Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, Rwanda, Nigeria, Somali, Kenya, Uganda.

SEMIOTICS PECULIARITIES OF INTERNET MEMES IN ENGLISH POLITICAL DISCOURSE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (15) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Myroslava Zabotnova
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Selection Of

The article is devoted to semiotic specificity of Internet memes in the English political discourse. The aim of the work is to figure out the core semiotic peculiarities of Internet memes in semiotic field. The article highlights the role of Internet memes in political discourse classifying them according to their textuality; thus, revealing the value of signs in memes’ formation, and specifying types and peculiarities of signs in Internet memes in political discourse. The research unitizes the units based on the presidential election in the USA 2020. The intention of memes’ creation depends on the verbalization circumstances – in 2020 this factor is determined by the pandemic. So, this selection of Internet me

scholarly journals Nanoparticles from the Cosmetics and Medical Industries in Legal and Environmental Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5805
Author(s):  
Renata Włodarczyk ◽  
Anna Kwarciak-Kozłowska
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
European Commission ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
High Chemical ◽  
Characteristic Structure ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Subject

This paper presents the application and role of nanomaterials, with particular emphasis on the cosmetics and medical industries. Methods of obtaining materials at the nanoscale and their characteristic structure, which determines their attractiveness and risk, especially in recent years, have been described. The subject of the work was to indicate the hazards and risks that are associated with the properties of nanomaterials; dimension, and high chemical and physical activity, thus making ways to capture and monitor them difficult. Legal and environmental aspects were taken into account, and the involvement of the European Commission in this subject and the activities carried out in a few European countries as well as in Japan, the USA and Canada were analyzed.

FOREIGN FADS OR FASHIONS? THE ROLE OF COMPARATIVISM IN HUMAN RIGHTS LAW

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Fredman
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Law And Courts ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractAlthough there is a broadly similar core of human rights law and courts in different jurisdictions face strikingly similar questions, the use of comparative law in the human rights context remains controversial. Reference to foreign human rights materials is regarded as undemocratic, selective and misleading. Rather than searching for a single ‘right answer’, or expecting convergence, this article addresses these challenges from a deliberative perspective. A deliberative approach requires decisions to be taken on the basis of reasons which are thorough and persuasive. Even where outcomes diverge, there need to be good reasons, whether textual, institutional, or cultural. Comparative materials constitute an important contribution to this process. Part I critically assesses various alternative potential functions of comparative law. Part II develops the deliberative model while Part III addresses the main critiques of comparative law. Part IV tests the deliberative approach against a selection of cases dealing with two particularly challenging issues confronted by courts in different jurisdictions, namely the use of substantive principles such as dignity, and the application of justification or limitation clauses in the context of prisoners' right to vote. Case law is drawn from countries which already cite each other and which have broadly similar institutional frameworks: the USA, Canada, South Africa, India, Australia, the UK, New Zealand and the European Court of Human Rights to the extent that it too considers comparative law.

scholarly journals Deep Sea Port and the National Development: Perspective of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Anis Mohammad Tareq ◽  
Md Akramuzzaman Shaikh ◽  
Sukanta Sen ◽  
Professor Wang Xuefeng
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Economic History ◽  
National Development ◽  
Port Development ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
History Of ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Development Perspective ◽  
Selection Of

The deep sea port development as an economic infrastructure influences positively on the growth of a country. The economic history of Britain, Netherlands, and Singapore, known as the maritime powers in the world, undoubtedly proves the important role of ports played in the development of their economies. Establishment of a deep-sea port has become strategically very critical for Bangladesh considering its potential impact on the development and economic growth of the country.Port economics and macroeconomics are closely related.So changes in port traffic or operation and port organization has a significant impact on national economy especially on the hinterland. This study, therefore, has focused on the importance of deep seaport in the national development of Bangladesh. Moreover, the paper gives an overview of a deep seaport and national development in respect of Bangladesh.The study also  indicates the effect of a deep seaport on national development. At the end, this study states some recommendations for the establishment of the deep sea port.Those Includes-Studies on the selection of strategic location, details investigation of hinterland connectivity, the decision on investment and proper planning etc.

Optimum Producer-Service Location

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Lentnek ◽  
A MacPherson ◽  
D Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Producer Services ◽  
Industrial Firms ◽  
Producer Service ◽  
Vertical Disintegration ◽  
Locational Behavior ◽  
Service Location

Presented in this paper is a formal economic model that identifies the optimal intraurban location for a producer-service vendor that caters to the technical needs of spatially dispersed clients in the manufacturing sector. Two major components are incorporated into the model. The first of these describes the oft-cited externalization process among industrial firms, where in-house service provision is selectively abandoned in favor of out-sourcing. The second component describes a vendor location process based on profit maximization, where buyers and sellers are optimally located relative to one another. Normative modeling propositions are then compared with current empirical streams in the literature on producer-service location, the role of manufacturing demand, and the process of selective vertical disintegration among industrial firms. The paper is concluded with a brief research agenda for modeling the intraurban locational behavior of specialist firms in the producer services.

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