Crisis and Dysfunction of Spatial Development and Management in Taiwan

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
T-L Chou
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Economic Miracle ◽  
Capitalist World ◽  
Economic Perspectives ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Development And Management

Based upon the development of export-oriented industrialization (EOI), Taiwan has undergone a well-known economic miracle, especially since the 1960s when the capitalist world entered a deep Fordist crisis. Nevertheless, the EOI development was imbued with development contradictions, and caused crisis and dysfunction in Taiwan's spatial development and management. The author aims to analyze this crisis and dysfunction from political-economic perspectives, by discerning how the state intervened in spatial development and management along with the development of EOI. As the author demonstrates, the state manipulates the crisis and dysfunction of the planning mechanism to satisfy the political-economic requirements of Taiwan's EOI development. EOI development provided good environments for capital accumulation, but led to poor living conditions. The environmental results have brought Taiwan much wider political, social, and economic tensions, and have made increasingly unlikely the possibility of constructing a social coalition of sustainable development. The author contends that it is time for Taiwan to reorganise the development of EOI before the current crisis becomes destructive.

Globalization and Corporatism: The Growth and Decay of Organized Labor in Venezuela, 1900–1998

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 180-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trudie Coker
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Foreign Debt ◽  
The State ◽  
Organized Labor ◽  
Private Capital ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
State Capital ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One

The contradictory goals of state capital accumulation and redistribution eventually led to the demise of corporatism in Venezuela and probably in much of Latin America. When the Venezuelan state was at its zenith of intervention in the economy, it globalized accumulation via foreign debt. Rather than emphasize accumulation and redistribution as it had during the 1960s and 1970s, accumulation to service the debt became the state's central goal by the 1980s. Declining oil prices by the early 1980s highlighted the weakness of a state caught in the grips of antithetical demands from labor and an increasingly impoverished population, on the one hand, and private capital demanding debt repayment, on the other hand. By definition, corporatism creates a dependency between the state and organized labor. Historically, labor depended on the state for economic subsidies, and the state relied on labor to maintain legitimacy. By the late 1990s, lack of labor autonomy literally dragged labor down with a state drowning in debt and incapacitated by lack of legitimacy. While corporatism is more a relic of things past, the positive implications of increasing labor autonomy are dismal as organized labor has been disarticulated and the democratic state is all but a skeleton.

The State and Capital Accumulation in Mexico

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V.K. Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Case ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Second World

The economic activities of the state have rightly been regarded as a crucial factor in the remarkably rapid process of capitalist expansion experienced by Mexico in the two decades after the Second World War, and must also be seen as such in the imbalance that has emerged over the last ten years –an imbalance that itself led to an accelerated growth of the public sector. State intervention in the process of capital accumulation during the period of dependent import-substituting industrialization is common to the experience of Latin America as a whole, but in Mexico the scale and scope of this intervention appear to have been greater than elsewhere, generating an important debate over the size of the Mexican public sector in the 1960s, and now providing a significant case to be examined in the light of current discussions as to the relative autonomy of the state in capitalist economies.

A ‘Lasting Transformation’ of Capitalist Surplus: From Food Stocks to Feedstocks

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 192-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Capitalist Production ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Waste Policy ◽  
The Status ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Waste Food

In this article I link surplus food with the politics of capitalist production and consumption in order to shed some useful light on the strange case of food not being food once it has been discarded but not thrown away. I develop an analysis of waste policy as a dimension of capitalist surplus management (after Sweezy, 1962 ) by reconfiguring Claus Offe's (1984) essay on the state and social policy and construe waste policy as effecting a ‘lasting transformation’ of non-accumulating capital into accumulating capital. My intention is to provide a sketch of the labyrinthine semantic and political structures emerging around waste (in general) and waste food (in particular). I show that transforming waste food into capitalist surplus is a multi-layered and multi-stranded endeavour embedded in larger political, economic and cultural arrangements and cosmologies. I undertake this analysis of the transformation of waste into surplus by exploring, first, waste as an imaginary construct; second, the strange case of discarded food not being ‘discarded’ (and not being ‘food’, either); third, the convoluted cosmology of European waste policy; and, fourth, aspects of political sociology which help to reveal the status of waste as a source of capital accumulation. I conclude by proposing a sociological account of food waste that situates the critique of excess not in the ignorant, sordid voraciousness of individual citizens but in the structures and institutions of capitalist accumulation.

Prospects for the Development of a Black Business Class in South Africa

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan James Randall
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Black Business ◽  
The State ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Productive Process ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact

The growth of business classes in Africa has attracted much interest since the 1980s when, in the context of severe economic malaise, the impact of the state on development was subjected to critical reappraisal.1 Out of this emerged a consensus that the abysmal economic record of the 1960s and 1970s could, to a large degree, be ascribed to the debilitating effect of an overstretched and swollen state. Official development thinking took this argument the furthest: at the core of the problem, it was asserted, was the expansion of the state's rôle from the preferred minimalist function of providing the legal and macro-economic regulatory framework for capital accumulation, to a more profound intervention in the productive process. As a remedy, the state would have to be restrained from usurping the primary rôle which the market's invisible hand ought to be playing.2

scholarly journals EXPANSION STRATEGIES AND CAPITALIST DEVELOPMENT ON THE FRONTIER OF PARÁ: an analysis of the 1966 “Operation Amazon”

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 2020000
Author(s):  
André Cutrim Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Inductive Method ◽  
Predominant Role ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
Investigación Cualitativa ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Capital Development

ESTRATÉGIAS DE EXPANSÃO E DESENVOLVIMENTO CAPITALISTA NA FRONTEIRA DO PARÁ: uma análise da “Operação Amazônia” de 1966EXPANSIÓN Y ESTRATEGIAS DE DESARROLLO CAPITALISTA EN LA FRONTERA DE PARÁ: un análisis de la “Operación Amazonia” de 1966ABSTRACTBetween 1966 and 1979, in an atmosphere of conflict, the frontier in the state of Pará was opened, through major agricultural and developmental projects that were benefited by the institutionalization of “Operation Amazon”. The central objective of the article is to investigate the dynamics of the penetration, occupation and advance of capital in and around the territory of the frontiers in Pará, the basis of which, as from the 1960s, was “Operation Amazon”. This choice of theme was made possible in that there was an apparent need to demonstrate the dynamics of expanding the frontier on capitalist bases. From a methodological viewpoint, the research was developed using a deductive approach, since it seeks to understand the historical foundations of the dynamics that established and expanded the frontier in Pará on capitalist bases; and, also, the inductive method, because it was considered essential to understand the particular, yet predominant, role of “Operation Amazon” within the context of capital development. In addition, the present work will make use of exploratory analysis and seek as much information as possible using the qualitative research technique. “Operation Amazon” demonstrated that the frontier is also a social relation of production, precisely because the structure of this society under construction - in a social, cultural and, particularly, economic perspective - across the territory in which it is expanding, despite suffering some resistance, is dominated by the logic of capital accumulation, as seen in the contemporary Brazilian Amazon.Keywords: Frontier; The State of Pará; “Operation Amazon”; Capital.RESUMONo Estado do Pará, a abertura da fronteira ocorreu de forma conflituosa, entre as décadas de 1966-1979, através dos grandes projetos agropecuários e desenvolvimentistas beneficiados pela institucionalização da “Operação Amazônia”. O objetivo fundamental do artigo é investigar a dinâmica de penetração, ocupação e avanço do capital no território de fronteira do Pará, tendo como base para isso a “Operação Amazônia” a partir da década de 60. A escolha do tema tornou-se possível na medida em que ficou explícita a necessidade de demonstrar a dinâmica de expansão da fronteira em bases capitalistas. Do ponto de vista metodológico, o método utilizado para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa envolve o método dedutivo, pois procura compreender os fundamentos históricos da dinâmica de consolidação e expansão da fronteira em bases capitalistas no Pará; e, também, o método indutivo porque considera imprescindível entender o papel particular, porém prepondente da “Operação Amazônia” no contexto de desenvolvimento do capital. Ademais, o presente trabalho fará uso de análise do tipo exploratória e buscará o maior número possível de informações utilizando a técnica de pesquisa do tipo qualitativa. A “Operação Amazônia” demonstrou que a fronteira é também uma relação social de produção, justamente porque a estrutura desta sociedade em construção – no âmbito social, cultural e, principalmente, econômico – no território em que a mesma está se expandido, mesmo sofrendo alguma resistência, é dominada pela lógica de acumulação do capital, como se vê contemporaneidade da Amazônia brasileira.Palavras-chave: Fronteira; Estado do Pará; “Operação Amazônia”; Capital.RESUMENEn el estado de Pará, la apertura de la frontera se produjo de manera conflictiva, entre las décadas de 1966-1979, a través de los grandes proyectos agrícolas y de desarrollo beneficiados por la institucionalización de la “Operación Amazonia”. El objetivo fundamental del artículo es investigar la dinámica de penetración, ocupación y avance del capital en el territorio fronterizo de Pará, teniendo como base para esto la “Operación Amazonia” de la década de 1960. La elección del tema se hizo posible en el en la medida en que se hizo explícita la necesidad de demostrar la dinámica de expandir la frontera en las bases capitalistas. Desde el punto de vista metodológico, el método utilizado para el desarrollo de esta investigación implica el método deductivo, ya que busca comprender los fundamentos históricos de la dinámica de consolidación y expansión de la frontera en las bases capitalistas en Pará; y, también, el método inductivo porque considera esencial comprender el papel particular, pero predominante, de la “Operación Amazonia” en el contexto del desarrollo del capital. Además, el presente trabajo utilizará análisis exploratorios y buscará la mayor cantidad de información posible utilizando la técnica de investigación cualitativa. La “Operación Amazonas” demostró que la frontera es también una relación social de producción, precisamente porque la estructura de esta sociedad en construcción – en el ámbito social, cultural y, principalmente, económico – en el territorio en el que se expande, incluso sufre algunos resistencia, está dominada por la lógica de la acumulación de capital, como se ve en la Amazonia brasileña contemporánea.Palabras clave: Frontera; Estado de Pará; “Operación Amazonia”; Capital.

An Abstract Thing We Call “Intellectual Atmosphere”: Science, Urban Development, and Business/Government Relations in Dallas, 1956–1969

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
ANDREW M. BUSCH
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
Government Relations ◽  
Subsequent Transformation ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Science And Research

This article explores the efforts of Dallas businessmen, especially the leadership of Texas Instruments (TI), to build a science and research sector to facilitate new types of capital accumulation for Dallas and North Texas in the 1960s. The creation of the Graduate Center of the Southwest (GRCSW), and its subsequent transformation into the public University of Texas at Dallas in 1969, offers new perspectives on science and research, urban growth strategies, and the relationship between business and government in the postwar Sunbelt. TI leaders envisioned the center as a way to become more competitive in the microelectronics industry and also to direct urban growth and, ultimately, create a city and region that better reflected the private, growth-oriented interests of the Dallas business community. However, when the center began to falter economically in the mid-1960s, TI leaders sought out the state to take it over and transform it into a science and technology graduate school branch of the University of Texas system (UT). The exchange, although mutually beneficial, demonstrates how powerful businesses coopted the resources of the state to further their own ends.

Rewriting the Narrative

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-77
Author(s):  
Nicolas G. Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Native American ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Mixed Media ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Art Scene ◽  
The 1960S

A vibrant American Indian art scene developed in California from the 1960s to the 1980s, with links to a broader indigenous arts movement. Native American artists working in the state produced and exhibited paintings, prints, sculptures, mixed media, and other art forms that validated and documented their cultures, interpreted their history, asserted their survival, and explored their experiences in modern society. Building on recent scholarship that examines American Indian migration, urbanization, and activism in the twentieth century, this article charts these developments and argues that American Indian artists in California challenged and rewrote dominant historical narratives by foregrounding Native American perspectives in their work.

Elementy współpracy polskich Wojsk Specjalnych i polskiego kontrwywiadu wojskowego w operacjach typu COIN. Casus Afganistanu

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Machniak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Local People ◽  
Remedial Action ◽  
Social Character ◽  
Efficiency Criterion ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Political Economic

A COIN operation involves both insurgents and local people. Its main goal is to neutralize all conditions enabling the development of insurgent movements or conducive to their development. In COIN operations, the basic efficiency criterion is the destruction or significant reduction of the opponent’s effectiveness and its ability to use local people for its own purposes. Military counterintelligence is responsible for analyzing the capabilities and organizational structure of the enemy’s reconnaissance system, including terrorist organizations or rebels, and planning undertakings that neutralize enemy activities, achieved, among others by recognizing its capabilities and taking remedial action on this basis. Anti-partisan operations constitute a coordinated effort to combat guerrilla activities in the theatre of war of a varied military, paramilitary, political, economic, psychological, and social character, aimed against insurgents and against their impact on the state and the society.

A Legitimacy Crisis of Representative Democracy?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Thomassen ◽  
Carolien van Ham
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Short Description ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Systematic Fashion ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Established Democracies ◽  
Legitimacy Crisis

This chapter presents the research questions and outline of the book, providing a brief review of the state of the art of legitimacy research in established democracies, and discusses the recurring theme of crisis throughout this literature since the 1960s. It includes a discussion of the conceptualization and measurement of legitimacy, seeking to relate legitimacy to political support, and reflecting on how to evaluate empirical indicators: what symptoms indicate crisis? This chapter further explains the structure of the three main parts of the book. Part I evaluates in a systematic fashion the empirical evidence for legitimacy decline in established democracies; Part II reappraises the validity of theories of legitimacy decline; and Part II investigates what (new) explanations can account for differences in legitimacy between established democracies. The chapter concludes with a short description of the chapters included in the volume.

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aled Davies
Keyword(s):  
International Monetary System ◽  
The State ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
City Of London ◽  
The City

The aim of this book has been to evaluate the relationship between Britain’s financial sector, based in the City of London, and the social democratic economic strategy of post-war Britain. The central argument presented in the book was that changes to the City during the 1960s and 1970s undermined a number of the key post-war social democratic techniques designed to sustain and develop a modern industrial economy. Financial institutionalization weakened the state’s ability to influence investment, and the labour movement was unable successfully to integrate the institutionalized funds within a renewed social democratic economic agenda. The post-war settlement in banking came under strain in the 1960s as new banking and credit institutions developed that the state struggled to manage. This was exacerbated by the decision to introduce competition among the clearing banks in 1971, which further weakened the state’s capacity to control the provision and allocation of credit to the real economy. The resurrection of an unregulated global capital market, centred on London, overwhelmed the capacity of the state to pursue domestic-focused macroeconomic policies—a problem worsened by the concurrent collapse of the Bretton Woods international monetary system. Against this background, the fundamental social democratic assumption that national prosperity could be achieved only through industry-led growth and modernization was undermined by an effective campaign to reconceptualize Britain as a fundamentally financial and commercial nation with the City of London at its heart....

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