A ‘Lasting Transformation’ of Capitalist Surplus: From Food Stocks to Feedstocks

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 192-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Capitalist Production ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Waste Policy ◽  
The Status ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Waste Food

In this article I link surplus food with the politics of capitalist production and consumption in order to shed some useful light on the strange case of food not being food once it has been discarded but not thrown away. I develop an analysis of waste policy as a dimension of capitalist surplus management (after Sweezy, 1962 ) by reconfiguring Claus Offe's (1984) essay on the state and social policy and construe waste policy as effecting a ‘lasting transformation’ of non-accumulating capital into accumulating capital. My intention is to provide a sketch of the labyrinthine semantic and political structures emerging around waste (in general) and waste food (in particular). I show that transforming waste food into capitalist surplus is a multi-layered and multi-stranded endeavour embedded in larger political, economic and cultural arrangements and cosmologies. I undertake this analysis of the transformation of waste into surplus by exploring, first, waste as an imaginary construct; second, the strange case of discarded food not being ‘discarded’ (and not being ‘food’, either); third, the convoluted cosmology of European waste policy; and, fourth, aspects of political sociology which help to reveal the status of waste as a source of capital accumulation. I conclude by proposing a sociological account of food waste that situates the critique of excess not in the ignorant, sordid voraciousness of individual citizens but in the structures and institutions of capitalist accumulation.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE SOCIAL POLICY IN UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Plotka
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Policy Mechanisms

The article explores the state and prospects of social policy development in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to determine the main directions of social policy implementation in Ukraine, the subject composition of social policy. Methods which was used in the article: analytical, statistical, monographic. The study revealed the patterns of socio-economic turmoil in Ukraine and their impact on the implementation of social policy. The haphazardness in the implementation of social policy in the country is emphasized. The main directions of reforming the system of social benefits and benefits are outlined, which must be subordinated to the following goals: constitutional, political, economic, social, financial.Keywords: politics, social policy, mechanisms, benefits and payments.

scholarly journals SCIENCE AS A SOCIAL PHENOMENON AND TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN THE MODERN WORLD

2021 ◽  
pp. 124-133
Author(s):  
Alla FEDORKINA
Keyword(s):  
Social Institution ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
The Status ◽  
Political Economic

The article is devoted to understanding the place, role and functions of science in the modern world. The author analyzes the process of development of science from the initial individual forms of organization of scientific activity to its transformation into a social institution. The specifics of the process of cognitive and social institutionalization of science are considered. The main conditions for the development of science in the status of a social institution are revealed. The close connection of science with political, economic and social institutions and also the possibility of its development with the state regulation are shown.

Crisis and Dysfunction of Spatial Development and Management in Taiwan

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
T-L Chou
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Economic Miracle ◽  
Capitalist World ◽  
Economic Perspectives ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Development And Management

Based upon the development of export-oriented industrialization (EOI), Taiwan has undergone a well-known economic miracle, especially since the 1960s when the capitalist world entered a deep Fordist crisis. Nevertheless, the EOI development was imbued with development contradictions, and caused crisis and dysfunction in Taiwan's spatial development and management. The author aims to analyze this crisis and dysfunction from political-economic perspectives, by discerning how the state intervened in spatial development and management along with the development of EOI. As the author demonstrates, the state manipulates the crisis and dysfunction of the planning mechanism to satisfy the political-economic requirements of Taiwan's EOI development. EOI development provided good environments for capital accumulation, but led to poor living conditions. The environmental results have brought Taiwan much wider political, social, and economic tensions, and have made increasingly unlikely the possibility of constructing a social coalition of sustainable development. The author contends that it is time for Taiwan to reorganise the development of EOI before the current crisis becomes destructive.

scholarly journals Institutional dysfunctions of social economy and ways of their overcoming

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-493
Author(s):  
O. I. Vodyanenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Education Culture

The social economy is considered through the prism of the theory of institutional dysfunctions. It is argued that a social economy, like any system, is characterized by a certain amount of dysfunctionality, since in reality the parameters of its activities inevitably deviate from the designed parameters. In the aspect of the functioning of the social economy, the most significant dysfunctions will be considered in the context of social policy. Social policy is designed to ensure social justice, and economic efficiency is a necessary parameter of activity in a market economy. The main institutional dysfunctions of the social policy of the state, restraining the development of the competitiveness of the Russian economy, are the following dysfunctions: the relationship "inflation - the rate of interest - investment"; low intensity of competition; corruption and administrative barriers; institutional trap (vicious circle of poverty): "low incomes of the population - low levels of investment and savings – low rates and volumes of capital accumulation – low labor productivity – low incomes of the population and low pensions"; low efficiency of the socio-economic policy of the state (underdevelopment of small business, underdevelopment of civil society institutions, low efficiency of the functioning of health care systems, education, culture, housing and communal services, e-government, etc.

Social Policy and the Dynamics of Neoliberalism: The My House, My Life Program and the Commodified Mediation of Housing

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-146
Author(s):  
Cristhiane Falchetti
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Minimal State ◽  
Real Estate Sector ◽  
Political Cycle

A study of social policy under the governments of the Partido dos Trabalhadores (Workers’ Party—PT) focused on the My House, My Life program shows that the recent political cycle associated with Lulism was not an inflection of neoliberalism but an adaptation of it to the context. The program is an instance of the commodification of housing in that it mobilizes public funds as an instrument of capital accumulation and intensifies the financialization of the real estate sector. Contrary to the view that associates neoliberalism with the minimal state, the state here plays a key role in the neoliberalization process, whose meaning is the commodification of all life. Um estudo de política social sob os governos do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT), focado no programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida, mostra que o recente ciclo político associado ao Lulismo não foi uma inflexão do neoliberalismo, mas uma adaptação dele ao contexto. O programa é um exemplo da mercantilização da habitação, na medida em que mobiliza recursos públicos como instrumento de acumulação de capital e intensifica a financeirização do setor imobiliário. Ao contrário da visão que associa o neoliberalismo ao estado mínimo, o estado aqui desempenha um papel fundamental no processo de neoliberalização, cujo significado é a mercantilização de toda a vida.

scholarly journals Problems of implementation of the state policy in the fi eld of environmental safety and organization of responsible production and consumption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
З.В. Галазова ◽  
А.В. Шаропатова
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
The State ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
The Status

Статус современного государства во многом определяется состоянием и качеством окружающей природной среды и ее компонентов, количественными и каче- ственными показателями ее территории и природных богатств, эффективной «зеле- ной» экономикой, в совокупности демонстрирующих реализацию государством функции по обеспечению прав на благоприятную окружающую среду. Для этих целей государство обязано определять государственную политику на основе экологических принципов; соответствовать высоким международным стандартам по разработке и внедрению экологизированных институтов, сопровождаемых эффективными механизмами реали- зации. The status of a modern state is largely determined by the state and quality of the natural environment and its components, quantitative and qualitative indicators of its territory and natural resources, an effective "green" economy, which together demonstrate the state's implementation of the function of ensuring the rights to a favorable environment. For these purposes, the state is obliged to establish a state policy based on environmental principles; comply with high international standards for the development and implementation of green institutions, accompanied by effective implementation mechanisms.

Opposition of Civilizations and the Role of State in the Era of Multipolar World

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Victor A. Volkonsky
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Task ◽  
The Status ◽  
Important Sense ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Long Term Impact

To study long-term socio-economic processes and the factors that determine them, two methods, two approaches are usually used at the present time: the theory of the cyclic change of world economic structures (WES) and the theory of the evolution of civilizations. In the theory of civilizations, attention is focused mainly on the factors that have the most long – ​term impact on economic and social processes, namely, on value-sense factors and the principles of the structure of society. The current spiritual, ideological, and geopolitical opposition – ​the confrontation between the American-style approach to globalization and the multipolar world (MPW) – ​can be seen as the most important engine and threat to historical development. The purpose of the article is to describe this confrontation in the language of the theory of civilizations. The article describes the civilizational turning point, the transformation of Christian Western Europe into the civilization of the capitalist West. The main task of this transformation was to eliminate all the traditional highest senses and ethical restrictions for the domination of the capital accumulation attitude and the ideology of individualistic liberalism. The article presents some features of the MPW that allow us to consider it (along with the concept of transition to a new, integral WES) as an emerging new civilization, an alternative to the civilization of the West. The leaders of the development of the new civilization are Russia and China. In these civilizations, the most important sense center is the state. In Russia, the focus on perfecting and heightening the status of the state can largely compensate for the decline of spiritual and ideological factors. This article is a continuation of the articles (Volkonsky, 2018; Volkonsky, Gavrilets, Kudrov, 2020).

OPERATIONAL STATE OF BRIDGES OF UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
Larysa Bodnar ◽  
Petro Koval ◽  
Sergii Stepanov ◽  
Liudmyla Panibratets
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
The State ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Bridge Management ◽  
Bridge Management System ◽  
Program Complex ◽  
Operating Condition ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Automatic Mode ◽  
The Status

A significant part of Ukrainian bridges on public roads is operated for more than 30 years (94 %). At the same time, the traffic volume and the weight of vehicles has increased significantly. Insufficient level of bridges maintenance funding leads to the deterioration of their technical state. The ways to ensure reliable and safe operation of bridges are considered. The procedure for determining the predicted operational status of the elements and the bridge in general, which has a scientific novelty, is proposed. In the software complex, Analytical Expert Bridges Management System (AESUM), is a function that allows tracking the changes in the operational status of bridges both in Ukraine and in each region separately. The given algorithm of the procedure for determining the predicted state of the bridge using a degradation model is described using the Nassie-Schneidermann diagram. The model of the degradation of the bridge performance which is adopted in Ukraine as a normative one, and the algorithm for its adaptation to the AESUM program complex with the function to ensure the probabilistic predicted operating condition of the bridges in the automatic mode is presented. This makes it possible, even in case of unsatisfactory performance of surveys, to have the predicted lifetime of bridges at the required time. For each bridge element it is possible to determine the residual time of operation that will allow predict the state of the elements of the structure for a certain period of time in the future. Significant interest for specialists calls for the approaches to the development of orientated perspective plans for bridge inspection and monitoring of changes in the operational status of bridges for 2009-2018 in Ukraine. For the analysis of the state of the bridge economy, the information is available on the distribution of bridges by operating state related to the administrative significance of roads, by road categories and by materials of the structures. Determining the operating state of the bridge is an important condition for making the qualified decisions as regards its maintenance. The Analytical Expert Bridges Management System (AESUM) which is implemented in Ukraine, stores the data on the monitoring the status of bridges and performs the necessary procedures to maintain them in a reliable and safe operating condition. An important result of the work is the ability to determine the distribution of bridges on the public roads of Ukraine, according to operating conditions established in the program complex of AESUM, which is presented in accordance with the data of the current year. In conditions of limited funding and in case of unsatisfactory performance of surveys, it is possible to make the reasonable management decisions regarding the repair and the reconstruction of bridges. Keywords: bridge management system, operating condition, predicted operating condition, model of degradation, bridge survey plan, highway bridge.

Varied Responses to Human-Induced Seismicity in the City of Azle, Texas

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sarmistha R. Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
State Government ◽  
Induced Seismicity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
The Status

Fracking has helped to usher in an era of energy abundance in the United States. This advanced drilling procedure has helped the nation to attain the status of the largest producer of crude oil and natural gas in the world, but some of its negative externalities, such as human-induced seismicity, can no longer be ignored. The occurrence of earthquakes in communities located at proximity to disposal wells with no prior history of seismicity has shocked residents and have caused damages to properties. It has evoked individuals’ resentment against the practice of injection of fracking’s wastewater under pressure into underground disposal wells. Though the oil and gas companies have denied the existence of a link between such a practice and earthquakes and the local and state governments have delayed their responses to the unforeseen seismic events, the issue has gained in prominence among researchers, affected community residents, and the media. This case study has offered a glimpse into the varied responses of stakeholders to human-induced seismicity in a small city in the state of Texas. It is evident from this case study that although individuals’ complaints and protests from a small community may not be successful in bringing about statewide changes in regulatory policies on disposal of fracking’s wastewater, they can add to the public pressure on the state government to do something to address the problem in a state that supports fracking.

Elementy współpracy polskich Wojsk Specjalnych i polskiego kontrwywiadu wojskowego w operacjach typu COIN. Casus Afganistanu

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Machniak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Local People ◽  
Remedial Action ◽  
Social Character ◽  
Efficiency Criterion ◽  
Terrorist Organizations ◽  
Political Economic

A COIN operation involves both insurgents and local people. Its main goal is to neutralize all conditions enabling the development of insurgent movements or conducive to their development. In COIN operations, the basic efficiency criterion is the destruction or significant reduction of the opponent’s effectiveness and its ability to use local people for its own purposes. Military counterintelligence is responsible for analyzing the capabilities and organizational structure of the enemy’s reconnaissance system, including terrorist organizations or rebels, and planning undertakings that neutralize enemy activities, achieved, among others by recognizing its capabilities and taking remedial action on this basis. Anti-partisan operations constitute a coordinated effort to combat guerrilla activities in the theatre of war of a varied military, paramilitary, political, economic, psychological, and social character, aimed against insurgents and against their impact on the state and the society.

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