Elementy współpracy polskich Wojsk Specjalnych i polskiego kontrwywiadu wojskowego w operacjach typu COIN. Casus Afganistanu

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Machniak ◽  

A COIN operation involves both insurgents and local people. Its main goal is to neutralize all conditions enabling the development of insurgent movements or conducive to their development. In COIN operations, the basic efficiency criterion is the destruction or significant reduction of the opponent’s effectiveness and its ability to use local people for its own purposes. Military counterintelligence is responsible for analyzing the capabilities and organizational structure of the enemy’s reconnaissance system, including terrorist organizations or rebels, and planning undertakings that neutralize enemy activities, achieved, among others by recognizing its capabilities and taking remedial action on this basis. Anti-partisan operations constitute a coordinated effort to combat guerrilla activities in the theatre of war of a varied military, paramilitary, political, economic, psychological, and social character, aimed against insurgents and against their impact on the state and the society.

2017 ◽  
pp. 342-346
Author(s):  
Viktor Kryvitskyi

Introduction. The article focuses on the process of formation of the organizational structure of the customs authorities of Ukraine. Purpose. The article aims to analyse and systematize the main stages of the formation of the system of customs institutions in Ukraine that implement customs control. Method (methodology). To achieve this goal, the following tasks are defined: to characterize the legal and regulatory aspects of the formation of the customs authorities in Ukraine; to analyse the organizational provision of customs control during 1991-2016; to determine the fiscal effects of the formation of the customs authorities of Ukraine. The functioning of the system of state financial control in the customs sphere has become the object of the research. The organizational and applied aspects of the formation of institutions that carry out customs control in Ukraine have become the subject of the study. Results. The administrative and organizational structure of the customs authorities of Ukraine does not remain stable. It is in constant dynamics under the influence of political, economic and social changes, increase of subjects of foreign economic activity and their activity in foreign markets, growth of indicators of cargo and livestock flows through the customs border the state and in general the development of the Ukrainian economy and its integration into the world economy. The results of the survey will be useful to the state authorities in developing management decisions on optimizing the bodies that carry out customs control in Ukraine.


2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-182
Author(s):  
Fernando Fernandes de Oliveira

Resumo As corporações exercem evidente papel ante a estruturação espacial no capitalismo. Tal racionalidade perpassa pela incessante busca por difusão das condições produtivas indispensáveis à reprodução dos capitais numa escala ampliada de ação. O presente ensaio busca resgatar criticamente uma abordagem de estudos econômicos e geográficos que tiveram importância no entendimento da relação entre corporação, espaço, organização em rede e dos laços político-econômicos atados junto ao aparato institucional do Estado. Mira, nessa condição, dar continuidade aos amparos teóricos que visam conferir inteligibilidade para as tramas espaciais da grande corporação, assim compreendida como objeto de apreciação da Geografia. Palavras-chave: Corporação multilocalizada, estrutura organizacional, redes, Estado.   Abstract The corporations exert an apparent role regarding the spatial organization of capitalism. Such rationality passes through the unceasing search for diffusion of the productive conditions indispensable to the reproduction of capital in an extended action scale. The present paper seeks to redeem critically an approach of economic and geographic studies which had importance in the understanding of the relation among corporation, space, network organization and political-economic ties bound along with the State institutional apparatus. Aiming, in this condition, to give continuity to the theoretical support which aims at granting intelligibility for spatial plots of the great corporation, thus understood as Geography’s subject of appreciation. Keywords: Multi-local corporation, organizational structure, networks, State.   Résumé Les corporations exercent un rôle évident devant la structuration spatiale au capitalisme. Telle rationalité traverse l’incessante recherche de diffusion des conditions productives indispensables à la reproduction du capital dans une échelle agrandie d’action. Le présent essai a comme objectif récupérer, de façon critique, une approche d’études économiques et géographiques qui ont joué un rôle important dans l’entendement de la relation entre la corporation, l’espace, l’organisation en réseau et les liens politico-économiques attachés à l’appareil institutionnel d’État. Il vise, sous cette condition, poursuivre les supports théoriques qui confèrent l’intelligibilité aux relations spatiales de la grande corporation, ainsi comprise comme objet d’appréciation de la Géographie. Mots clé: Corporation multi localisée, structure organisationnelle, réseaux, État.


2009 ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
K. Sonin ◽  
I. Khovanskaya

Hiring decisions are typically made by committees members of which have different capacity to estimate the quality of candidates. Organizational structure and voting rules in the committees determine the incentives and strategies of applicants; thus, construction of a modern university requires a political structure that provides committee members and applicants with optimal incentives. The existing political-economic model of informative voting typically lacks any degree of variance in the organizational structure, while political-economic models of organization typically assume a parsimonious information structure. In this paper, we propose a simple framework to analyze trade-offs in optimal subdivision of universities into departments and subdepartments, and allocation of political power.


2021 ◽  
Vol X (2) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
Kakha Gabunia ◽  
◽  

The purpose of this article is to compile and group the list of problems that hinder the integration of ethnic minorities in the political, economic and cultural life of the country, based on research conducted by various organizations over the past 10 yearს. According to these studies, the main problem is, on the one hand, the language barrier and, on the other hand, ethnic-nationalist tendencies and stereotypes. These national mythologies and notions play one of the crucial roles in the formation of national self-identification. Ethno-nationalist tendencies are strong both in minorities and in ethnic Georgians. There are several factors behind the emergence of the ethnonationalism in Georgia First of all, it is the legacy of Soviet totalitarianism, as well as the result of the current socio-political situation. Understanding these two factors will give us a better answer as to why ethnic-nationalist sentiments are still prevailing in Georgia and why the integration of the ethnic minorities is hindered, despite being repeatedly declared by the state. The language barrier of ethnic minorities is also an important problem in the process of integration into society. The education system should make the knowledge of the state language accessible to ethnic minorities and, at the same time, ensure the protection of minority languages. To do this, the state must maximize and encourage local staff; The general system of education should ensure the upbringing of the citizen of the country and not put any group (even the majority) in an advantageous situation. show the advantage of any (even the majority) group.


2017 ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Iryna NOVOSAD

Introduction. The unstable political, economic and social realities in the state, crisis phenomena, as well as new strategies for change determine the direction of further development of the fiscal component of the customs security of the state. At the present stage of the intensive entry into the foreign economic space in the European direction, the important role belongs to the maximum approach to European customs security standards of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to diagnose the functioning of the fiscal component of customs security and to carry out a thorough analysis of its provision in Ukraine, which undoubtedly has a significant impact on the formation of effective areas for reforming the customs system. Results. The article analyzes the system of indicators for the provision of customs security in Ukraine. The functioning of the fiscal component of customs security and a thorough analysis of its provision in Ukraine are explored, which certainly has a significant impact on the formation of effective areas for reforming the customs system. Conclusion. It should be noted that under the effectiveness of customs security it is necessary to understand the indicator, which reflects the ratio of results of activity in the relevant field and involved in achieving such results of resources.


Author(s):  
Karanbir Singh

<div><p><em>After the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the East India Company defeated the Khalsa Army of Lahore Darbar in two Anglo-Sikh Wars. Being astute political masters, the British felt the lurking fear of simmering discontent among the Punjabis against their rule. For safeguarding the logistics of administration, efficacious precautionary measures were undertaken by them to satisfy the grievances of certain sections of the society so that British rule would face lesser political instability and enmity of the natives. After 1857, the British conducted a thorough study of ethnographic, fiscal, geographical, political, social and religious conditions of Punjab and oriented their administrative policies to suit the best interests of the Empire.  Far-reaching political, economic and social changes were introduced by the British to strengthen their hold over all branches of administration. A new administrative hierarchy, composed of Anglo-Indian elements was firmly established and it embraced every activity of the state.  </em></p></div>


Author(s):  
Д.А. Толченкин

Аннотация. В статье рассмотрена государственно-правовая характеристика экспансии как политики государства и (или) общественных объединений, направленной на расширение своего политического, экономического, духовнокультурного влияния на окружающие страны и народы с целью их подчинения собственным интересам. Предложена авторская классификация экспансия. Annotation. The article examines the state and legal characteristics of expansion as a policy of the state and (or) public associations aimed at expanding their political, economic, spiritual and cultural influence on the surrounding countries and peoples in order to subordinate them to their own interests. The author's classification of expansion is proposed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-141
Author(s):  
Osama Sami AL-Nsour

The concept of citizenship is one of the pillars upon which the modern civil state was built. The concept of citizenship can be considered as the basic guarantee for both the government and individuals to clarify the relationship between them, since under this right individuals can acquire and apply their rights freely and also based on this right the state can regulate how society members perform the duties imposed on them, which will contributes to the development of the state and society .The term citizenship has been used in a wider perspective, itimplies the nationality of the State where the citizen obtains his civil, political, economic, social, cultural and religious rights and is free to exercise these rights in accordance with the Constitution of the State and the laws governing thereof and without prejudice to the interest. In return, he has an obligation to perform duties vis-à-vis the state so that the state can give him his rights that have been agreed and contracted.This paper seeks to explore firstly, the modern connotation of citizenship where it is based on the idea of rights and duties. Thus the modern ideal of citizenship is based on the relationship between the individual and the state. The Islamic civilization was spanned over fourteen centuries and there were certain laws and regulations governing the relationship between the citizens and the state, this research will try to discover the main differences between the classical concept of citizenship and the modern one, also this research will show us the results of this change in this concept . The research concludes that the new concept of citizenship is correct one and the one that can fit to our contemporary life and the past concept was appropriate for their time but the changes in the world force us to apply and to rethink again about this concept.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jabbor Mukhammadiev

In the international media space the issues of ensuring information security of the state is inseparably interrelated with the political, economic and legal guarantees for exercising freedom of speech and expression. The problem of ensuring the information security of any state is one of the most important aspects of its foreign policy, since it is the information sphere that is today considered to be the most important object of application of the activities of various participants in international relations. In connection with the rapid development of information technologies, threats of a new type are emerging - threats to information security on a national scale, respectively, the state must respond quickly to a changing situation and take decisive steps to organize a coherent complex information security system. The article analyzes the main approaches to providing information security of the country, formulated the goal, tasks, functions, principles of ensuring information security of the country


Author(s):  
Igor Alimov ◽  

This article concerns a travel journal Lan pei lu (“An Account with Reins in Hands”) written by a famous poet and civil servant Fan Cheng‑da (1126—1193). This text is an important evidence of the Old Chinese bureaucracy mobility of the 10th—13th centuries. Fan Cheng‑da wrote this journal while he travelled to Jurchen state Jin as a member of an ambassade. He registered many details about the current situation of the state, its morals and customs and the influence of Jurchen culture on the local people. This unique information makes Lan pei lu a very important historical and ethnographical source.


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