Spatial Orientation in Weightless Environments

Perception ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R Lackner
Keyword(s):  
Parabolic Flight ◽  
Free Fall ◽  
The Body ◽  
External Stimulation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Virtual Absence ◽  
Cognitive Awareness ◽  
Microgravity Conditions ◽  
Apparent Orientation

Illusions of body inversion and of vehicle inversion can be evoked by exposure to weightlessness in the microgravity conditions of orbital and parabolic flight. Such illusions can involve all possible combinations of self-inversion and vehicle inversion. In the absence of any patterns of external stimulation, individuals may lose all sense of body orientation to their surroundings while retaining a sense of their overall body configuration and cognitive awareness of their actual position. Touch and pressure cues provide a perceptual ‘down’ in the absence of visual input. When vision is allowed, apparent orientation is influenced by a variety of factors including the direction of gaze, the architectural layout of the vehicle, and sight of the body. The relative importance of the various factors affecting orientation changes with repeated exposure. The virtual absence of sensations of falling during exposure to free-fall emphasizes the role of cognitive factors in experienced orientation.

scholarly journals Role of Nutritive Factors in Infants Sleep Management

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Tatiana V. Turti ◽  
Irina A. Belyaeva ◽  
Elena P. Bombardirova ◽  
Pavel E. Sadchikov ◽  
Alexander Y. Nagonov
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sleep Management ◽  
Nocturnal Awakening ◽  
Sleep Schedule ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Crucial Part

The organized infant’s sleep schedule is the crucial part of normal individual development. On the contrary, restless sleep, nocturnal awakening, long wakefulness can lead to deviations in physical, psychomotor, and cognitive development. Feeding schedule organized according to the time of a day and circadian rhythms (chrono-nutrition concept) can be useful for prevention and correction of such disorders. You are aware of the effect of such factors as feeding before night's sleep, nutrition at dark time of a day, diet enriched with triptophane and nucleotides, on the maturation and consolidation of infants sleep. The correlation between intestinal microbiota and factors affecting the circadian and metabolic activity of the body are presented: day-night cycles, sleep and wake, diet and nutrition. Targeted regulation of the intestinal microbiota through products enriched with functional components (prebiotics) can lead to the development of healthy sleep in infants via axis “brain – intestine – microbiota”.

scholarly journals Physiological cost as a factor determining the effectiveness of human activity in the visual images reproduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-261
Author(s):  
M. A Merkulova ◽  
M. M Lapkin
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Physiological Cost ◽  
Single Approach ◽  
Physiological Value

Physiological value is one of the factors affecting the effectiveness of human activities. Currently, there is no single approach to assess the physiological value of human behavior. The article presents data on the role of the physiological cost of human activity, estimated by the indicators of mathematical analysis of heart rate, in the reproduction of matrix visual images. The article puts forward the position that the physiological cost of activity is an important factor in the formation of unequal performance. At the same time, the physiological cost is reflected not only in shifts in a number of physiological indicators when the subjects perform a particular activity, but in the nature and levels of expression of correlation relationships between indicators of this activity and indicators that reflect physiological changes in the body at the same time.

Is the regulation of the center of mass maintained during leg movement under microgravity conditions?

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 1212-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mouchnino ◽  
M. Cincera ◽  
J. C. Fabre ◽  
C. Assaiante ◽  
B. Amblard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Parabolic Flight ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Microgravity Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gravitoinertial Force ◽  
Microgravity Conditions ◽  
Leg Movement ◽  
Single Limb Support ◽  
Weight Transfer

1. Investigations on stance regulation have already suggested that the body's center of mass is the variable controlled by the CNS to maintain equilibrium. The aim of this study was to determine how the center of mass of the body is regulated when leg movements are made under different gravitoinertial force conditions. 2. Kinematic and electromyographic (EMG) recordings were made during both straight-and-level flight (earth-normal gravity condition, nG) and periods of weightlessness in parabolic flight (microgravity condition, microG). The standing subjects were restrained to the floor (kept from floating away in microG) and were instructed to raise one leg laterally to an angle of 45 degrees as fast as possible. 3. Two modes of center of mass (CM) control were identified during leg movement in nG: a "shift mode" and a "stabilization mode." The shift mode served to transfer the CM toward the supporting side before the leg raising, and it preceded the phase of single limb support. The stabilization mode took place after the CM shift was completed and was aimed at stabilizing the CM during raising of the leg. In this phase, the movement of the raising leg is counterbalanced by a lateral inclination of the trunk in the opposite direction. As a consequence, CM position did not change with respect to the position reached before the leg raising, and its projection on the ground remained within the support area delineated by the stance foot. 4. Under microG, the CM position did not change before the leg raising. Moreover, gastrocnemius medialis activity observed in the moving leg under nG, preceding the initiation of the body weight transfer toward the supporting leg, was greatly reduced. While the leg is raising, the simultaneous and opposite lateral trunk movement was still present in microG. 5. Results suggest that the body weight transfer corresponding to the shift mode, might depend on the gravity constraints, whereas the stabilization mode, which remains unchanged in microG, might be a motor stereotype that does not depend on the gravity conditions.

scholarly journals A Conceptualization of the Effect of Organisational Justice on Turnover Intention: The Mediating Role of Organisational Citizenship Behaviour

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Oussama Saoula ◽  
Muhammad Fareed ◽  
Saiful Azizi Ismail ◽  
Nurul Sharniza Husin ◽  
Rawiyah Abd Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Turnover Intention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Organisational Justice ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Considering employees are the ultimate valuable assets, most companies nowadays give lots of effort and capitalise vital resources to preserve them. The turnover of those employees will affect the achievement of the organisations’ goals as well as the maintaining of the competitive advantage. Therefore, it is imperative to call for more studies to understand the factors affecting this phenomenon in different settings and contexts of research, particularly in the non-western perspectives such as Malaysia who is facing big challenges toward the employees’ turnover in many sectors. Therefore, the drive of this paper is to examine the relationship between organisational justice (OJ), organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) (benefiting the individual OCB-I and benefiting the organisation OCB-O) and turnover intention (TI). Consequently, this study proposed framework to study the effect of organisational justice on turnover intention via the mediation role of organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB-I, OCB-O). Also, the direct impact between the variables has been discussed. Hence this paper is expected to fill the research gap and contribute to the body of knowledge in this area of research.

Factors Affecting Microbial Adhesion to Stainless Steel and Other Materials Used in Medical Devices

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1138-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Verran ◽  
K. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Setting ◽  
The Body ◽  
Initial Attachment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Environmental Surfaces ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Aseptic Conditions ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The role of biofilm in medical device associated infections is well documented. Biofilms are more resistant to antibiotics than planktonic cells, these are extremely difficult to treat. Prevention strategies include efforts to insert implants under stringent aseptic conditions, and also encompass the development of novel materials which interfere with the initial attachment of microorganisms to the surface of the device. Microbial cells also attach onto hygienic surfaces in the hospital setting, and thereby pose a cross-infection problem. In this case, vigorous cleaning and sanitizing regimes may be employed in addition to any surface modifications. Many factors affect the initial attachment of organisms to inert substrata, and their subsequent retention or removal/detachment, including the physical and chemical nature and location of the substratum, the type of organic material and microorganisms potentially fouling the surface, and the nature of the interface (solid-liquid in the body; solid-air on environmental surfaces). Focusing on one factor, surface topography, it is apparent that many further variables need to be defined in order to fully understand the interactions occurring between the cell and surface. It is therefore important when modifying one substratum surface property in order to reduce adhesion, to also consider other potentially confounding factors.

scholarly journals Role of ‘agni maintainance’ in prevention of lifestyle disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (07) ◽  
Author(s):  
Snehalalde22 ◽  
Dr Rajesh Sawai ◽  
Dr Singh Vinay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Life Style ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Simple Language ◽  
Rapid Industrialization

In present era, lifestyle disorders are gift of rapid industrialization of environment and  increasing westernization of lifestyle. Lifestyle of people has undergone numerous changes , many of them are affecting the body badly and causing the diseases called as life style  disorders. In simple language , life style disorders are disorders caused due to faulty life style. According to Ayurveda roga sarvepi mandagni i.e. main reason behind all the diseases is mandagni along with their respective causative factors. The hurry, worry and curry are three gifts of today’s lifestyle which mainly affect the harmony of agni eventually disturb the normal physiology of body and cause many life style diseases. Therefore Agni plays dominant role in manifestation of lifestyle disorders. Aim of the study is to understand the pathophysiology of agni and to enlist various factors affecting agni.  But due to industrialization and pollution of surrounding environment, some of these factors are unavoidable. So in today’s fast world maintaining the harmony of agni is the best way of prevention of lifestyle disorder. And also understanding the factors affecting the agni will be helpful in planning the preventive measurements of lifestyle disorders.

The Role of Polyphenols in the Modulation of Plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC)

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Serafini ◽  
Giuseppa Morabito
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Dietary polyphenols have been shown to scavenge free radicals, modulating cellular redox transcription factors in different in vitro and ex vivo models. Dietary intervention studies have shown that consumption of plant foods modulates plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC), a biomarker of the endogenous antioxidant network, in human subjects. However, the identification of the molecules responsible for this effect are yet to be obtained and evidences of an antioxidant in vivo action of polyphenols are conflicting. There is a clear discrepancy between polyphenols (PP) concentration in body fluids and the extent of increase of plasma NEAC. The low degree of absorption and the extensive metabolism of PP within the body have raised questions about their contribution to the endogenous antioxidant network. This work will discuss the role of polyphenols from galenic preparation, food extracts, and selected dietary sources as modulators of plasma NEAC in humans.

The Role of Computer Modeling in Electrocardiography

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. van Oosterom
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
The Body ◽  
Volume Conductor ◽  
Current Generator ◽  
Cardiac Electrical Activity ◽  
Source Models

AbstractThis paper introduces some levels at which the computer has been incorporated in the research into the basis of electrocardiography. The emphasis lies on the modeling of the heart as an electrical current generator and of the properties of the body as a volume conductor, both playing a major role in the shaping of the electrocardiographic waveforms recorded at the body surface. It is claimed that the Forward-Problem of electrocardiography is no longer a problem. Several source models of cardiac electrical activity are considered, one of which can be directly interpreted in terms of the underlying electrophysiology (the depolarization sequence of the ventricles). The importance of using tailored rather than textbook geometry in inverse procedures is stressed.

Questions on the role of biofilms for the adaptation of microorganisms to unfavorable environmental factors by the example of P. aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Vasily N. Afonyushkin ◽  
N. A. Donchenko ◽  
Ju. N. Kozlova ◽  
N. A. Davidova ◽  
V. Yu. Koptev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Face

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document