scholarly journals Role of Nutritive Factors in Infants Sleep Management

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Tatiana V. Turti ◽  
Irina A. Belyaeva ◽  
Elena P. Bombardirova ◽  
Pavel E. Sadchikov ◽  
Alexander Y. Nagonov
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sleep Management ◽  
Nocturnal Awakening ◽  
Sleep Schedule ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Crucial Part

The organized infant’s sleep schedule is the crucial part of normal individual development. On the contrary, restless sleep, nocturnal awakening, long wakefulness can lead to deviations in physical, psychomotor, and cognitive development. Feeding schedule organized according to the time of a day and circadian rhythms (chrono-nutrition concept) can be useful for prevention and correction of such disorders. You are aware of the effect of such factors as feeding before night's sleep, nutrition at dark time of a day, diet enriched with triptophane and nucleotides, on the maturation and consolidation of infants sleep. The correlation between intestinal microbiota and factors affecting the circadian and metabolic activity of the body are presented: day-night cycles, sleep and wake, diet and nutrition. Targeted regulation of the intestinal microbiota through products enriched with functional components (prebiotics) can lead to the development of healthy sleep in infants via axis “brain – intestine – microbiota”.

scholarly journals A Triple Threat? The Role of Diet, Nutrition, and the Microbiota in T1D Pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma E. Hamilton-Williams ◽  
Graciela L. Lorca ◽  
Jill M. Norris ◽  
Jessica L. Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Beta Cell ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Beta Cell Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Islet Autoimmunity ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
And Function

In recent years the role of the intestinal microbiota in health and disease has come to the forefront of medical research. Alterations in the intestinal microbiota and several of its features have been linked to numerous diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). To date, studies in animal models of T1D, as well as studies in human subjects, have linked several intestinal microbiota alterations with T1D pathogenesis. Features that are most often linked with T1D pathogenesis include decreased microbial diversity, the relative abundance of specific strains of individual microbes, and altered metabolite production. Alterations in these features as well as others have provided insight into T1D pathogenesis and shed light on the potential mechanism by which the microbiota plays a role in T1D pathogenesis, yet the underlying factors leading to these alterations remains unknown. One potential mechanism for alteration of the microbiota is through diet and nutrition. Previous studies have shown associations of diet with islet autoimmunity, but a direct contributing factor has yet to be identified. Diet, through introduction of antigens and alteration of the composition and function of the microbiota, may elicit the immune system to produce autoreactive responses that result in the destruction of the beta cells. Here, we review the evidence associating diet induced changes in the intestinal microbiota and their contribution to T1D pathogenesis. We further provide a roadmap for determining the effect of diet and other modifiable factors on the entire microbiota ecosystem, including its impact on both immune and beta cell function, as it relates to T1D. A greater understanding of the complex interactions between the intestinal microbiota and several interacting systems in the body (immune, intestinal integrity and function, metabolism, beta cell function, etc.) may provide scientifically rational approaches to prevent development of T1D and other childhood immune and allergic diseases and biomarkers to evaluate the efficacy of interventions.

scholarly journals Physiological cost as a factor determining the effectiveness of human activity in the visual images reproduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-261
Author(s):  
M. A Merkulova ◽  
M. M Lapkin
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Physiological Cost ◽  
Single Approach ◽  
Physiological Value

Physiological value is one of the factors affecting the effectiveness of human activities. Currently, there is no single approach to assess the physiological value of human behavior. The article presents data on the role of the physiological cost of human activity, estimated by the indicators of mathematical analysis of heart rate, in the reproduction of matrix visual images. The article puts forward the position that the physiological cost of activity is an important factor in the formation of unequal performance. At the same time, the physiological cost is reflected not only in shifts in a number of physiological indicators when the subjects perform a particular activity, but in the nature and levels of expression of correlation relationships between indicators of this activity and indicators that reflect physiological changes in the body at the same time.

scholarly journals A Conceptualization of the Effect of Organisational Justice on Turnover Intention: The Mediating Role of Organisational Citizenship Behaviour

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Oussama Saoula ◽  
Muhammad Fareed ◽  
Saiful Azizi Ismail ◽  
Nurul Sharniza Husin ◽  
Rawiyah Abd Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Turnover Intention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Organisational Justice ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Considering employees are the ultimate valuable assets, most companies nowadays give lots of effort and capitalise vital resources to preserve them. The turnover of those employees will affect the achievement of the organisations’ goals as well as the maintaining of the competitive advantage. Therefore, it is imperative to call for more studies to understand the factors affecting this phenomenon in different settings and contexts of research, particularly in the non-western perspectives such as Malaysia who is facing big challenges toward the employees’ turnover in many sectors. Therefore, the drive of this paper is to examine the relationship between organisational justice (OJ), organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB) (benefiting the individual OCB-I and benefiting the organisation OCB-O) and turnover intention (TI). Consequently, this study proposed framework to study the effect of organisational justice on turnover intention via the mediation role of organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB-I, OCB-O). Also, the direct impact between the variables has been discussed. Hence this paper is expected to fill the research gap and contribute to the body of knowledge in this area of research.

Spatial Orientation in Weightless Environments

Perception ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R Lackner
Keyword(s):  
Parabolic Flight ◽  
Free Fall ◽  
The Body ◽  
External Stimulation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Virtual Absence ◽  
Cognitive Awareness ◽  
Microgravity Conditions ◽  
Apparent Orientation

Illusions of body inversion and of vehicle inversion can be evoked by exposure to weightlessness in the microgravity conditions of orbital and parabolic flight. Such illusions can involve all possible combinations of self-inversion and vehicle inversion. In the absence of any patterns of external stimulation, individuals may lose all sense of body orientation to their surroundings while retaining a sense of their overall body configuration and cognitive awareness of their actual position. Touch and pressure cues provide a perceptual ‘down’ in the absence of visual input. When vision is allowed, apparent orientation is influenced by a variety of factors including the direction of gaze, the architectural layout of the vehicle, and sight of the body. The relative importance of the various factors affecting orientation changes with repeated exposure. The virtual absence of sensations of falling during exposure to free-fall emphasizes the role of cognitive factors in experienced orientation.

scholarly journals Does Gut-Microbiome Interaction Protect against Obesity and Obesity-Associated Metabolic Disorders?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Zawada ◽  
Anna Maria Rychter ◽  
Alicja Ewa Ratajczak ◽  
Agata Lisiecka-Masian ◽  
Agnieszka Dobrowolska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Qualitative Changes

More research has recently focused on the role of the gut microbiota in the development or course of numerous diseases, including non-communicable diseases. As obesity remains prevalent, the question arises as to what microbial changes are associated with increased obesity prevalence and what kind of prevention and treatment approaches it could provide. Moreover, the influence of the gut-brain axis on obesity is also crucial, since it can affect metabolism and food intake. The quantitative and qualitative changes in the microbiota composition are called dysbiosis; however, in view of the current knowledge, it is difficult to conclude which microbial imbalances are adverse or beneficial. Increased numbers of pathological microorganisms were observed among patients with obesity and comorbidities associated with it, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and insulin resistance. Our review provides current knowledge regarding changes in the intestinal microbiota associated with obesity and obesity-associated comorbidities. Nevertheless, given that dietary patterns and nutrients are two of the factors affecting the intestinal microbiota, we also discuss the role of different dietary approaches, vitamins, and minerals in the shaping of the intestinal microbiota.

scholarly journals The Inter-Relationship between Innovation Capability and SME Performance: The Moderating Role of the External Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9132
Author(s):  
Qinghua Fu ◽  
Muhammad Safdar Sial ◽  
Muhammad Zulqarnain Arshad ◽  
Ubaldo Comite ◽  
Phung Anh Thu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Environment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Endogenous Variables ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Crucial Part

Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial part in a country’s economic growth and sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between innovation and the performance of SMEs. An external environmental factor acts as a moderating variable between the exogenous and endogenous variables. Data were collected from 350 textile SMEs operating in Pakistan using a cross-sectional study design through self-administered questionnaires. Of these, only 335 surveys were valid for further analysis. The structural equational modeling technique was used for analyzing the data and testing the hypotheses that innovation and the external environment affect an SME’s performance. The results indicate a significant association between innovation and SME performance, and the external environment has a moderating impact on innovation and SME performance. This paper offers valuable recommendations to senior managers and owners of SMEs to consider the innovation and external environment as crucial factors when assessing their SME’s performance. This study contributes towards the body of knowledge on this subject and can help practitioners and researchers explore the effects of innovation and the external environment on the performance of SMEs.

scholarly journals The role of gut microbiota in health and diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Deasy Fetarayani ◽  
Handoko Hariyono ◽  
Gatot Soegiarto
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Optimal Composition ◽  
Human Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Human Digestive Tract ◽  
Crucial Part

ABSTRACTABSTRACTMicrobiota contributes a crucial part in the human hosts' health and actively provides to the emergence of various diseases. The optimal composition of healthy intestinal microbiota varies from person to person. The more various and abundant of the microbiota, the greater their resistance to outside hazards. Colonization of the microbiota in the human body starts after delivery and develops continuously from infant to adult. The largest microbial colony is constructed in the lower part of the adult human digestive tract. The composition of the human intestinal microbiota alters promptly during the beginning of life and is steady. It has been described the close relationship among dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota with intestinal and non-intestinal diseases. Nevertheless, it is uncertain whether dysbiosis is the culprit of the disease or only as a result of the disease. Human microbiota's role must be investigated more deeply so that later it can be developed for the prevention, diagnosis of disease, and more effective treatment strategies in the future. In this minireview, we will describe the development of the gut microbiota, its interaction with our bodily systems and defense, the multiple causes of dysbiosis, and its impact on several metabolic in inflammatory diseases in humans. With this insight, it is hoped that we can be more cautious about using antibiotics, avoid things that lead to dysbiosis, and handle diseases more holistically, putting the balance of the microbiota into account. Keywords:  human, microbiota, gastrointestinal tract, dysbiosis, health and diseaseCorresponding author: [email protected]

scholarly journals Role of Bifidobacteria on Infant Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2415
Author(s):  
Silvia Saturio ◽  
Alicja M. Nogacka ◽  
Guadalupe M. Alvarado-Jasso ◽  
Nuria Salazar ◽  
Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Causal Association ◽  
Perinatal Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Microbial Group ◽  
And Function ◽  
Available Information

Bifidobacteria are among the predominant microorganisms during infancy, being a dominant microbial group in the healthy breastfed infant and playing a crucial role in newborns and infant development. Not only the levels of the Bifidobacterium genus but also the profile and quantity of the different bifidobacterial species have been demonstrated to be of relevance to infant health. Although no definitive proof is available on the causal association, reduced levels of bifidobacteria are perhaps the most frequently observed alteration of the intestinal microbiota in infant diseases. Moreover, Bifidobacterium strains have been extensively studied by their probiotic attributes. This review compiles the available information about bifidobacterial composition and function since the beginning of life, describing different perinatal factors affecting them, and their implications on different health alterations in infancy. In addition, this review gathers exhaustive information about pre-clinical and clinical studies with Bifidobacterium strains as probiotics in neonates.

scholarly journals Role of Intestinal Microbiota in Metabolism of Gastrodin In Vitro and In Vivo

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Mahesh Raj Nepal ◽  
Ki Sun Jeong ◽  
Geon Ho Kim ◽  
Dong Ho Cha ◽  
Mi Jeong Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Gastrodia Elata ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Hydroxybenzyl Alcohol

Alteration in the number and composition of intestinal microbiota affects the metabolism of several xenobiotics. Gastrodin, isolated from Gastrodia elata, is prone to be hydrolyzed by intestinal microbiota. In the present study, the role of intestinal microbiota in gastrodin metabolism was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Gastrodin was incubated in an anaerobic condition with intestinal contents prepared from vehicle- and antibiotics-treated rats and the disappearance of gastrodin and formation of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (4-HBA) was measured by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS). The results showed that almost all gastrodin incubated with control intestinal contents was metabolized to its aglycone in time- and concentration-dependent manners. In contrast, much less formation of 4-HBA was detected in intestinal contents from antibiotics-treated rats. Subsequently, in vivo pharmacokinetic study revealed that the antibiotic pretreatment of rats significantly affected the metabolism of gastrodin to 4-HBA. When administered orally, gastrodin was rapidly absorbed rapidly into plasma, metabolized to 4-HBA, and disappeared from the body within six hours. Interestingly, the pharmacokinetic parameters of 4-HBA were changed remarkably in antibiotics-treated rats, compared to control rats. The results clearly indicated that the antibiotics treatment of rats suppressed the ability of intestinal microbiota to metabolize gastrodin to 4-HBA and that, thereby, the pharmacodynamic action was significantly modulated.

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