Movement of small mammals through a road-underpass is facilitated by a wildlife railing

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross L. Goldingay ◽  
Brendan D. Taylor ◽  
Jonathan L. Parkyn
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Black Rat ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii

Wildlife underpasses in Australia are commonly fitted with timber railings to facilitate the passage of arboreal and scansorial mammals but there are no published accounts of railing use. We compared detections of such mammals on railings in two underpasses to detections on the ground in these and other underpasses. The brown antechinus (Antechinus stuartii) and the black rat (Rattus rattus) were detected on a closely monitored railing on 12–14% of nights over three years. These species were detected on the ground of underpasses on <1% of nights. Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) and brushtail possums (Trichosurus spp.) were infrequently detected, koalas only on the ground and brushtail possums mostly on the ground. These observations suggest that road crossings by small scansorial mammals can be facilitated by timber railings.

scholarly journals Propagation du Lyssavirus chez les petits mammifères (Muridae et Soricidae) dans la Préfecture de Kindia, République de Guinée (Basse Guinée)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 860-868
Author(s):  
Namory Keita ◽  
Raphael Dore ◽  
Aboubacar Hady Toure ◽  
Kerfalla Kourouma ◽  
Mamadou Cellou Balde
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Black Rat ◽  
Santé De La Population ◽  
Cricetomys Gambianus ◽  
The Brain

L’étude porte sur la propagation du Lyssavirus chez les petits mammifères dans la Préfecture de Kindia (Basse Guinée) a été réalisée entre avril 2015 et mars 2016 dans les différents biotopes (Maisons habitées, Forêts-Buissons, Champs agricoles, Entrepôts et Berges) et qui a pour objectif: Contribuée à l’amélioration de l’état de santé de la population. Pendant cette période d’étude, 412 rongeurs repartis en 12 espèces ont été capturées à savoir le rat d’herbe-Arvicanthis rufinus, les rats-Cricetomys gambianus, les rats-Crocidurinae spp., les souris rayées-Lemniscomys striatus, Lophuromys ansorgei, Lophuromys sikapusi, le rat à mamelles multiples-Mastomys spp., souris de maison-Mus musculus, Pelomys fallax, le rat de forêt-Praomys rostratus, le rat noir-Rattus rattus et le Malacomys edyardsi spp. Les plus répandus sont les Mastomys, Rattus rattus, Mus musculus et Cricetomys gambianus. En saison sèche, le nombre de rongeurs capturés dans la préfecture de Kindia a atteint 292 (71%) contre 120 (29%) rongeurs en saison pluvieuse. Pour des fins de recherches virologiques, le cerveau de 221 rongeurs a été prélevé et analysé parmi eux, 18 (8%) ont été trouvé porteurs de l’ARN de Lyssavirus. English title: Spread of Lyssavirus among small mammals (Muridae and Soricidae) in Kindia prefecture, Republic of Guinea (Lower Guinea) The study focuses on the spread of Lyssavirus among small mammals in the Prefecture of Kindia (Lower Guinea) was carried out between April 2015 and March 2016 in the different biotopes (inhabited houses, Forests-Bushes, Agricultural fields, Warehouses and Banks) and which has for objective: Contributed to the improvement of the state of health of the population. During this period, 412 rodents were caught in 12 species including the grass rat-Arvicanthis rufinus, the Cricetomys gambianus-rats, the Crocidurinae spp rats, striped mice Lemniscomys striatus, Lophuromys ansorgei, Lophuromys sikapusi, the multiple-teat rat-Mastomys spp., house mouse-Mus musculus, Pelomys fallax, forest rat-Praomys rostratus, black rat-Rattus rattus, and Malacomys edwardsi spp. The most common are: Mastomys spp., Rattus rattus, Mus musculus and Cricetomys gambianus. In the dry season, the number of rodents caught in the prefecture of Kindia reached 292 (71%) against 120 (29%) rodents caught during the rainy season. For virological research purposes, the brain of 221 rodents was collected and analyzed among them 18 rodents (8%) were found to carry Lyssavirus RNA.

MODULATION OF TRIGLYCERIDES IN FEMALE RATTUS RATTUS WITH STEROID CONTRACEPTIVE ALGESTONE ACETOPHENIDE (DHPA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ASHOK KUMAR ◽  
ALPANA PARMAR ◽  
ANAND KUMAR BAJPEYEE
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Type ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Black Rat ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Steroid Contraceptive

Young female Black rat (Rattus rattus), were administered monthly long acting steroid contraceptive to induce hypertriglyceridemia. It was observed that by 3 weeks of the second injection of estrogen containing mixed type of contraceptive, female rats developed consistent and frank hyperglyceridemia . TG in the treated rats was 195.8 ± 7.44 mg /100 ml as compared to 91.5 ± 6.27 mg/100ml in plasma of the control group.

scholarly journals First Detection of Bartonella spp. in Small Mammals from Rice Storage and Processing Facilities in Myanmar and Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
Inga Böge ◽  
Martin Pfeffer ◽  
Nyo M. Htwe ◽  
Pyai P. Maw ◽  
Siriwardana Rampalage Sarathchandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Suncus Murinus ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
D 12 ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria

(1) Background: Bartonella spp. are zoonotic bacteria with small mammals as main reservoirs. Bartonella spp. prevalence in small mammals from Myanmar and Sri Lanka are yet unknown. (2) Methods: Small mammals were snap trapped in Sri Lanka and Myanmar in urban surroundings. Spleens-derived DNA was screened for Bartonella spp. using conventional PCR based on three target genes. Positive samples were sequenced. (3) Results: 994 small mammals were collected comprising 6 species: Bandicota bengalensis, Bandicota indica, Rattus exulans, Rattus rattus, Mus booduga, and Suncus murinus. In Myanmar, the Bartonella prevalence in Bandicoot rats (68.47%) was higher than in Rattus rattus (41.67%), Rattus exulans (21.33%), and Suncus murinus (3.64%). Furthermore the prevalence in Myanmar (34%, n = 495) was twice as high as in Sri Lanka (16%, n = 499). In Sri Lanka, Bartonella spp. occurred almost exclusively in R. rattus. In Myanmar, Bartonella kosoyi was mainly detected (56%), followed by Bartonella sp. KM2529 (15%), Bartonella sp. SE-Bart D (12%) and Bartonella henselae (1%). In Sri Lanka, B. phoceensis (60%) and Bartonella sp. KM2581 (33%) were predominant. (4) Conclusions: Bartonella spp. were detected in all investigated small mammal species from Myanmar and Sri Lanka for the first time. Bartonella kosoyi and B. henselae are zoonotic. As these small mammals originated from urban settlements, human bartonellosis seems likely to occur.

Effects of logging and fire on small mammals in Mumbulla State Forest, near Bega, New South Wales

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lunney ◽  
B. Cullis ◽  
P. Eby
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
First Year ◽  
Severe Effect ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii ◽  
Rattus Fuscipes

This study of the effects of logging on small mammals in Mumbulla State Forest on the south coast of New South Wales included the effects of a fire in November 1980 and a drought throughout the study period from June 1980 to June 1983. Rattus fuscipes was sensitive to change: logging had a significant impact on its numbers, response to ground cover, and recapture rate; fire had a more severe effect, and drought retarded the post-fire recovery of the population. The three species of dasyurid marsupials differed markedly in their response to ground cover, canopy cover, logging and fire. Antechinus stuartii was distributed evenly through all habitats and was not affected by logging, but fire had an immediate and adverse effect which was sustained by the intense drought. A. swainsonii markedly preferred the regenerating forest, and was not seen again after the fire, the failure of the population being attributed to its dependence on dense ground cover. Sminthopsis leucopus was found in low numbers, appeared to prefer forest with sparse ground cover, and showed no immediate response to logging or fire; its disappearance by the third year post-fire suggests that regenerating forest is inimical to the survival of this species. Mus musculus showed no response to logging. In the first year following the fire its numbers were still very low, but in the next year there was a short-lived plague which coincided with the only respite in the 3-year drought and, importantly, occurred in the intensely burnt parts of the forest. The options for managing this forest for the conservation of small mammals include minimising fire, retaining unlogged forest, extending the time over which alternate coupes are logged and minimising disturbance from heavy machinery.

Powerline Easements: Do They Promote Edge Effects in Eucalypt Forest for Small Mammals?

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross L. Goldingay ◽  
Robert J. Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Terrestrial Mammals ◽  
Eucalypt Forest ◽  
Hair Sampling ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Antechinus Stuartii

The distribution and abundance of small terrestrial mammals were assessed in forest adjacent to powerline easements at three different sites in New South Wales. At each site, four transects of 300 m length extended into the forest from the edge of the easement. The abundances of two native species (Antechinus stuartii, Rattus fuscipes) did not differ significantly with distance from the easement but abundances differed markedly among sites. Mammals were captured in only one easement where dense vegetation was present. Feral carnivores, which may mediate edge effects on small mammals, were surveyed by using hair-sampling tubes. Cats and dogs were detected only 50–200 m inside the forest. Foxes were not detected by hair-tubes but were observed on two easements. These results suggest that powerline easements may not create edge effects in eucalypt forest for some native mammal species, although further studies are needed to determine the generality of this conclusion. We recommend that easement management should be more benign to native mammals, given the ubiquity of this form of habitat fragmentation. Promotion of dense vegetative cover and habitat linkages within easements could achieve this.

scholarly journals Small mammals of the Addo Elephant National Park

Koedoe ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Swanepoel
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
National Park ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Suricata Suricatta ◽  
Rhabdomys Pumilio ◽  
Mus Minutoides

A survey of the small mammals of the Addo Elephant National Park resulted in a checklist, as well as information on relative numbers, distribution within the Park, reproductive activity, sex ratios, and body measurements. Forty mammals species occur in the Park, while three re-introduced species probably do not occur any longer. Of the 40 species 28 are considered small mammals comprising 13 rodent, eight carnivore, two shrew, two bat, one primate and one lagomorph species, as well as the aardvark: Crociduraflavescens, C. cyanea infumata, Rousettus aegyptiacus, Eptesicus capensis, Cercopithecus pygerythrus, Canis mesomelas, Ictonyx striatus, Poecilogale albinucha, Genetta sp., Herpestes pulverulentus, Suricata suricatta, Proteles cristatus, Felis caracal, Orycteropus afer, Lepus saxatilis, Cryptomys hottentotus, Hystrix africae-australis, Pedetes capensis, Graphiurus murinus, Aethomys namaquensis, Praomys natalensis, Rhabdomys pumilio, Mus minutoides, Rattus rattus, Saccostomys campestris, Desmodillus auricularis, Otomys irroratus and 0. unisulcatus.

Late-Holocene asynchronous extinction of endemic mammals on the eastern Canary Islands

The Holocene ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 801-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Rando ◽  
Josep Antoni Alcover ◽  
Jacques Michaux ◽  
Rainer Hutterer ◽  
Juan Francisco Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
European Contact ◽  
Black Rat ◽  
Local Extinctions ◽  
Ams Dating

The Lava mouse ( Malpaisomys insularis), and the Canarian shrew ( Crocidura canariensis) are endemic of the Eastern Canary Islands and islets. The former is extinct while Canarian shrew survives in the two main islands and two islets. In order to provide insights regarding causes and processes contributing to the extinction of these endemic mammals: (i) we established last occurrence dates for Lava mouse, and first records for two exotic species – House mouse ( Mus musculus) and Black rat ( Rattus rattus) – through direct 14C AMS dating of collagen from bones; (ii) we analysed recent material from Barn owl ( Tyto alba gracilirostris) roosting sites to evaluate its impact on Canarian shrew in the presence of introduced rodents. The new data strongly suggest that the extinction of Lava mouse was the result of an accumulative process of independent disappearances (or ‘local extinctions’) affecting the isolated populations. The timing of the introduction of the Black rat on the main islands (before Middle Age European contact in Lanzarote and after Middle Age European contact in Fuerteventura) matches with the last occurrence dates for the presence of Lava mouse on these islands, and are very probably their cause. The losses of these Lava mouse populations occurred in an asynchronous way, spreading across at least six centuries. On small islands, hyperpredation emerges as the most plausible process to explain the disappearance of the Lava mouse in the absence of rat populations, although stochastic processes can not be definitively excluded.

Introduced predators and cavity-nesting seabirds: unexpected low level of interaction at breeding sites

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. 1068-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ruffino ◽  
K. Bourgeois ◽  
E. Vidal ◽  
J. Icard ◽  
F. Torre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Black Rat ◽  
Cavity Nesting ◽  
Introduced Predators ◽  
Puffinus Yelkouan ◽  
First Time

The mechanisms by which introduced predators and long-lived seabirds interact and even coexist are still poorly known. Here, the interactions between the widely introduced black rat ( Rattus rattus (L., 1758)) and an endemic Mediterranean cavity-nesting seabird, the yelkouan shearwater ( Puffinus yelkouan (Acerbi, 1827)), were for the first time investigated for a set of 60 suitable breeding cavities throughout the entire breeding cycle of this seabird. Our results pointed out that rat visits to cavities were significantly higher when shearwaters had left the colony for their interbreeding exodus. Among the set of suitable breeding cavities, yelkouan shearwaters preferentially selected the deepest and the most winding cavities for breeding. Very few rat visits were recorded at the shearwater-occupied cavities and no predation event was recorded. These intriguing results reveal a low level of interaction between introduced black rats and yelkouan shearwaters, which may have facilitated their long-term coexistence for thousands of years on some Mediterranean islands.

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