Ewe lamb diet selection on plantain (Plantago lanceolata) and on a herb and legume mix, including plantain, chicory (Cichorium intybus), red clover (Trifolium pratense) and white clover (Trifolium repens)

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Cave ◽  
P. R. Kenyon ◽  
S. T. Morris ◽  
N. Lopez-Villalobos ◽  
P. D. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Ewe Lamb

The objective of Experiment 1 was to examine the diet selection and grazing preference of ewe lambs for plantain (Plantago lanceolata), chicory (Cichorium intybus), red clover (Trifolium pratense) and white clover (Trifolium repens). This was examined in a herb and legume sward mix containing plantain, chicory, red clover and white clover between seasons under both hard- and lax-grazing. During early spring, the sward predominately comprised plantain (63%) and chicory (21%) and ewe lambs grazed a greater proportion (P < 0.05) of these species and displayed greater (P < 0.05) grazing preference for plantain and chicory ahead of red and white clover. From late spring onward, ewe lambs had a greater (P < 0.05) defoliation rate and a greater (P < 0.05) grazing preference for red clover than for all other species. This greater selection of red clover was particularly evident in summer and autumn when red clover made a greater (P < 0.05) contribution to the sward composition (8–9%) and the overall sward nutritive value dropped. This supports previous evidence, suggesting that diet selection is intrinsically affected by availability, access and palatability. The objective of Experiment 2 was to determine whether ewe lamb grazing behaviour during late summer was affected by time since a pure plantain sward was previously grazed. Ewe lambs were observed while grazing plantain of varying weeks since previous grazing (3, 6,10 or 16 weeks). Experiment 2 found no difference (P > 0.05) in the average number of ewe lambs grazing each sward of varying weeks since previous grazing. However, ewe lambs grazed the 3-week-old plantain growth to a lower (P < 0.05) post-grazing sward height than the height of the swards of greater number of weeks since previous grazing. Organic matter digestibility and metabolisable energy content did not differ (P > 0.05) among all swards, regardless of weeks since previous grazing. This suggests that the palatability of plantain is not affected by the time since it was last grazed.

scholarly journals A review of the use of chicory, plantain, red clover and white clover in a sward mix for increased sheep and beef production

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. Cranston ◽  
P.R. Kenyon ◽  
S.T. Morris ◽  
P.D. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Winter Grazing ◽  
Clover Pasture

Many farmers are sowing mixed swards containing chicory (Cichorium intybus), plantain (Plantago lanceolata), red clover (Trifolium pratense) and white clover (T. repens) (hereafter termed herb and clover mix). This herb and clover mix has comparable annual dry matter (DM) production to perennial ryegrass white clover pasture (rye/wc), however, it has a different pattern of growth, producing more DM during summer and autumn. The herb and clover mix also has a higher nutritive value and is able to support greater rates of animal production, especially over summer, than rye/ wc in both sheep and cattle. The herb and clover mix is most suited to a rotational grazing interval of 3-4 weeks to an 8 cm residual height, with no winter grazing. When managed appropriately the herb and clover mix is able to persist for at least 2 years and up to 5 years under both sheep and cattle grazing. Keywords: Cichorium intybus, Plantago lanceolata, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, legume, perennial, nutritive value.

scholarly journals Selection by Lambs Grazing Plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), White Clover (Trifolium repens L.), Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) across Seasons

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2292
Author(s):  
Sharini C. Somasiri ◽  
Paul R. Kenyon ◽  
Patrick C.H. Morel ◽  
Stephen T. Morris ◽  
Peter D. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L

Plantain (Plantago lanceolata) and chicory (Cichorium intybus) are now widely used in combination with clover species to provide greater annual lamb live weight gains than perennial ryegrass and white clover pasture. Reported selective grazing of the species in herb-clover mixes could potentially detrimentally change the relative abundance of species and decrease lamb production. Lambs were offered three herbage treatments: Pasture (perennial ryegrass and white clover) mix, plantain (plantain, red clover and white clover) mix and a chicory (chicory, plantain, red clover and white clover) mix in each of four seasons for two years. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with three replicates with 18–30 lambs per treatment replicate depending on the season. Lambs were rotationally grazed and fed ad libitum. Selection by the lambs of individually tagged plants within the pasture treatments was observed for three days on two occasions per season. Red clover was the most selected species on day 1, but by day 3 there was no difference in the selection of the species (p < 0.05). Plantain and chicory in the plantain and chicory mixes were selected less on day 1 in autumn relative to the other seasons (p < 0.05). It was concluded that three days of grazing before moving lambs maintained the relative abundance of species in the herb-clover mixes.

scholarly journals Weed control in establishing mixed swards of clover plantain and chicory

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.L. Gawn ◽  
K.C. Harrington ◽  
C. Matthew
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Conium Maculatum ◽  
Control Options

A field trial was conducted in Palmerston North to assess weed control options for establishing mixed swards of chicory (Cichorium intybus) narrowleaved plantain (Plantago lanceolata) red clover (Trifolium pratense) and white clover (Trifolium repens) a pasture mixture currently popular for finishing lambs Haloxyfop safely controlled grass weeds and mowing twice during the first few months of establishment helped control some broadleaved weeds Flumetsulam was the safest herbicide for controlling broadleaved weeds although it caused severe suppression of plantain initially All other treatments caused unacceptable levels of damage to at least one of the sown species If chicory was not included in the mix then bentazone paraquat/diquat and diuron could be used Options for an integrated weed control programme for the mixture of four species are discussed For young cloverbased pastures hemlock (Conium maculatum) will be controlled better by flumetsulam or bentazone than 24DB

Selective behaviour in cattle grazing pastures of strips of birdsfoot trefoil and red clover. 2. The effects of sward maturity and structure

2006 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. E. C. POLI ◽  
J. HODGSON ◽  
G. P. COSGROVE ◽  
G. C. ARNOLD
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Grazing Cattle ◽  
Biting Rate ◽  
Partial Preference ◽  
Ingestive Behaviour ◽  
Selection Of

The effects of manipulation of sward maturity on ingestive behaviour and diet selection of grazing cattle were tested in two experiments using legumes which are equally preferred by cattle. Yearling heifers, in groups of three, grazed plots formed by alternate 2·4 m wide strips of a mixture of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) (BW) and strips of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) (RC). The treatments comprised four combinations of each of the two swards at two contrasting levels of maturity/height replicated over four successive 3-day periods, in an order which balanced the effect of previous treatments. Observations of the distribution of grazing activity and biting rate were made over 3-hour periods each evening and in the morning of Day 2.Rate of biting was generally greater on immature than mature swards, and on BW than on RC, with little evidence of interactions between these effects. The animals demonstrated partial preference throughout the two studies, the proportion of grazing time devoted to BW being 0·40±0·010 in Expt 1 and 0·47±0·017 in Expt 2. The distribution of grazing time between sward type and maturity combinations was influenced progressively by herbage mass and height contrasts as strips were grazed down. An overall analysis using the results from these studies and a companion experiment indicated differences between studies in partial preference for BW and RC which appeared to be related to variations in sward morphology.

scholarly journals Legumes, herbs or grass for lamb performance?

1996 ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Fraser ◽  
J.S. Rowarth
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Animal Performance

Lamb performance was evaluated for three consecutive summer-early autumn periods on ryegrass (Lolium perenne), white clover (Trifolium repens), chicory (Cichorium intybus), plantain (Plantago lanceolata) or lotus (Lotus corniculatus). Lamb liveweight gains, fasted liveweights at slaughter and hot carcass weights tended to be highest on legumes and chicory and lowest on plantain and ryegrass. Greasy wool weights were significantly higher on lotus and white clover than on chicory, plantain and ryegrass. Greasy wool weight was significantly related to fasted liveweight (R2=0.94-0.99). Protein (%) in herbage accounted for 83-92% of the variability in animal performance; food intake accounted for 57-69% of the variability and was negatively correlated with hemicellulose and cellulose (R2=97.2 and 80.9%, respectively). Thus quality of feed was more important than intake alone in determining animal performance. Keywords: carcass weight, Cichorium intybus, greasy wool weight, intake, lamb performance, Lotus corniculatus, Lolium perenne, Plantago lanceolata, Trifolium repens

scholarly journals Ileal amino acid digestibilities in pigs of barley-based diets with inclusion of lucerne (Medicago sativa), white clover (Trifolium repens), red clover (Trifolium pratense) or perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Reverter ◽  
T. Lundh ◽  
J. E. Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Ileal Digestibility

Two experiments were performed with post-valve T-cannulated growing pigs, using five animals in each experiment in a change-over design to evaluate the effect of inclusion of four different dried forage meals on ileal crude protein (CP) and amino acid (AA) digestibilities. The control diets (C1 and C2) were barley-based and the experimental diets were formulated by replacing the barley with 100 or 200 g/kg of either lucerne (Medicago sativa) or white clover (Trifolium repens) meal in Expt 1 and red clover (Trifolium pratense) or perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) meal in Expt 2. A decrease (P< 0·05) in the apparent ileal digestibility of CP and most of the essential and nonessential AA was found with the inclusion of lucerne, white clover and perennial ryegrass meal in the barley-based diets. When red clover meal was included, only the apparent ileal digestibilities of CP, leucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and glutamic acid were found to decrease (P< 0·05). The estimated apparent ileal digestibilities of most essential AA in the forage meals were lower than in the barley-based diets. The ileal flow of glucosamine and ornithine was found to increase (P< 0·05) with increasing proportion of fibre in the diet, suggesting an increase in endogenous N secretions and small-intestinal microbial activity. With the minor changes found for ileal essential AA digestibilities with forage meal inclusion in the diet the present data confirm the potential of forage meals as a source of protein in pig diets.

Selective behaviour in cattle grazing pastures of strips of birdsfoot trefoil and red clover. 1. The effects of relative sward area

2006 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. E. C. POLI ◽  
J. HODGSON ◽  
G. P. COSGROVE ◽  
G. C. ARNOLD
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Strong Tendency ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Selection Coefficient ◽  
Biting Rate

Alternate 2·4 m wide strips of a mixture of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) with white clover (Trifolium repens L.) (BW), and of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) (RC) were offered in the proportions (by area) of 0·80[ratio ]0·20, 0·67[ratio ]0·33, 0·33[ratio ]0·67 and 0·20[ratio ]0·80 to yearling heifers in groups of three for periods of 3 days over four replicates in time, balanced for effects of previous treatments. Observations on the distribution of grazing activity and biting rate were made over 3 h periods each evening, and on the morning of Day 2. Biting rates were consistently higher on BW than RC (52·3 v. 46·3±0·59 bites/min, P<0·001). Initially the animals showed a strong tendency to concentrate grazing on the sward of smaller proportional area, but the selection coefficient (log θ) changed from positive to negative with time as herbage on minority strips was depleted. These results are discussed in the context of concepts of partial grazing preference.

Reproductive performance of New Zealand Romney sheep grazed on red clover (Trifolium pratense) pastures

1961 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Ch'ang
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Endometrial Cyst

The reproductive performance of 253 female Romney sheep of different ages has been studied from 1958 to 1960. Comparisons of the reproductive performance were made between ewes grazed on red clover pastures and ewes grazed on perennial rye-grass and white clover swards. The red clovers were oestrogenic during all periods of utilization.The ingestion of oestrogenic red clovers caused the ewe lambs to accept the male before the start of the normal breeding season. No corpus luteum was found in the ovary of these lambs thus induced into oestrus. The subsequent reproductive performance of these ewe lambs at 2 years of age was not affected. The oestrus per se or the regularity of oestrus of the young (1½-year-old) or the aged (5½-year-old) ewes was not affected by the diet of oestrogenic red clover.The ingestion of oestrogenic red clover did not affect the reproductive performance of the young ewes at 2 years of age, but did cause a protracted lambing season and a reduced level of lambing performance in the aged ewes at 6 years of age. No endometrial cyst was found in the aged ewes. It was suggested that the reduced level of reproductive performance of the aged ewes could have resulted from an unfavourable environment within the ewe, for the process of fertilization or implantation of the fertilized ova during the breeding season.

scholarly journals Integration of No Tillage and Overseeded Legume Living Mulches for Transplanted Broccoli Production

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Infante ◽  
Ronald D. Morse
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Vicia Villosa

Experiments were conducted with `BigSur' broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) at two sites in Fall 1993 and at two sites in Spring 1994 on a Hayter loam in southwestern Virginia. Our objectives were to determine the effects of tillage main plots (conventional tillage = CT and no tillage = NT) and weed control subplots [no overseeding or preemergent herbicide, oxyfluorofen, red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), `Dutch' white clover (Trifolium repens L.), and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth)] on broccoli yield and weed suppression. In all sites, weed suppression and marketable broccoli yield with NT were equal to or higher than with CT. Overseeded legume living mulches did not affect broccoli yield in any site compared to the control plots and suppressed weeds as well as the oxyfluorofen in three of the four sites. Thus, the NT systems used in these experiments can suppress weeds and produce high broccoli yields. Also, overseeded legume living mulches can be established effectively after transplanting to suppress weeds without reducing broccoli yield. Chemical name used: 2-choro-1-(3-ethoxy-4-nitrophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzene (oxyfluorofen).

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