Influence of zeolite (clinoptilolite) supplementation on characteristics of digestion and ruminal fermentation of steers fed a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1239
Author(s):  
J. D. Urías-Estrada ◽  
M. A. López-Soto ◽  
A. Barreras ◽  
J. A. Aguilar-Hernández ◽  
V. M. González-Vizcarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration

Four Holstein steers (328 ± 14 kg) with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to examine the effect of level of zeolite supplementation (0, 10, 20 or 30 g clinoptilolite-Ca/kg of diet) in a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet on the characteristics of ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestion. Zeolite was top-dressed with the basal diet at time of feeding; therefore, intake of organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), starch and N was equal in all treatments. Zeolite supplementation did not affect site and extent of digestion of N or NDF. Zeolite linearly decreased (P < 0.01) NH3-N flow to duodenum, but did not affect duodenal flow of microbial N, feed N, or microbial efficiency. Inclusion of zeolite linearly increased (P = 0.02) ruminal OM digestion and tended (linear, P = 0.08) to increase ruminal digestion of starch. Zeolite supplementation increased (linear effect, P < 0.01) faecal excretion of ash, resulting in decreased total tract DM digestion (linear effect, P = 0.04). However, total tract digestion of OM tended to increase (P = 0.06) with increasing zeolite supplementation. Thus, dilution of the diet with zeolite did not depress dietary digestible energy. There were no treatment effects on ruminal pH. Total ruminal volatile fatty acid concentration tended (P = 0.08) to increase as zeolite increased. Zeolite supplementation decreased ruminal molar proportion of acetate and increased molar proportion of propionate (linear effect, P < 0.01), resulting in decreased (linear effect, P < 0.01) of acetate: propionate ratio. Supplementation with zeolite at levels of up to 30 g of zeolite/kg of diet may enhance ruminal OM digestion, largely due to the tendency of increased ruminal starch digestion. Zeolite supplementation altered ruminal volatile fatty acid molar proportions (decreased acetate : propionate ratio), and therefore may have an positive impact on energy efficiency.

scholarly journals Osmotic pressure, water kinetics and volatile fatty acid absorption in the rumen of sheep sustained by intragastric infusions

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. López ◽  
F. D. DeB. Hovell ◽  
N. A. MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Outflow Rate

The effects of changing rumen osmotic pressure (OP) upon water kinetics and volatile fatty acid (VFA) absorption in the rumen of sheep were studied in two 4 × 4 Latin square experiments, each using four lambs with a rumen cannula and an abomasal catheter. In both experiments the lambs were sustained by the intragastric infusion of all nutrients (VFA, Ca, P, Mg and a buffer solution into the rumen, and casein, vitamins and trace elements into the abomasum). On experimental days, which were at least 1 week apart, drinking water and the casein infusion were withdrawn, and the ruminal OP was changed and held constant for 9·5 h, by incorporating NaCl at different concentrations in the buffer solution being infused. In Expt 1 the target OP values were 300, 340, 380 and 420 mosmol/kg, and in Expt 2 were 261 (no saline addition), 350, 420 and 490 mosmol/kg. Using soluble non-absorbable markers (PEG in continuous infusion and Cr-EDTA injected in pulse doses) rumen volume, liquid outflow rates, apparent water absorption through the rumen wall and VFA absorption rates were estimated at six sampling times corresponding to the 1·5 h intervals during the last 7·5 h following the change in rumen OP. Liquid outflow rate (F; ml/h) showed a significant and positive linear relationship with the rumen OP (mosmol/kg), resulting in the equation F = 1·24 OP (SE 0·096)–36·5 (SE 36·6) (r2 0·96). Similarly, water absorption rate (W; ml/h) was significantly affected by rumen OP, and this relationship was given by W = 395 (SE 39·9) −1·16 OP (SE 0·105) (r2 0·95), which means that for an OP of 341 mosmol/kg the net movement of water across the rumen wall would be zero, and either a net efflux or a net influx of water would be observed with lower or higher OP respectively. In Expt 2 there was a significant linear effect of OP on rumen volume (P <0·01), with higher OP being associated with increases in rumen liquid contents of about 10–20%. As rumen OP was increased there was also a decline in the absorption rate of VFA (from 232 mmol VFA/h for OP 350 to 191 mmol/h for OP 490 mosmol/kg), resulting in the accumulation of VFA (especially acetate) in the rumen and a consequent fall in rumen pH. Rumen OP seems to be important in defining water movement across the rumen wall and, hence, partitioning between absorption and outflow.

The effect of barley supplements on the voluntary intake and digestion of low quality roughages by sheep

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Lamb ◽  
J. Eadie
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Molar Proportion ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake

SummaryOat straw, timothy straw and two field-cured hays (43·8, 47·3, 52·0 and 56·0% organic matter digestibility (OMD) and 0·56, 0·75, 1·00 and 1·41% N respectively) were fed ad libitum together with 0, 235, 470 and 705 g D.M. of rolled barley to 5-year-old North Country Cheviot wethers in four 4x4 Latin square designs (Expt 1). In an attendant study (Expt 2) of conditions with in the rumen four rumen fistulated wethers were offered daily 0, 200, 400 and 600 g D.M. of rolled barley with ad libitum hay (54·3% OMD, 1·45% N), also following a Latin square design.The voluntary intake of two of the hays (54·3 and 56·0% OMD) decreased progressively as the barley increased. Intakes of the other roughages were slightly increased when the lowest amount of barley was fed. For each roughage total organic-matter intake and the OMD of the ration increased progressively with increasing amount of barley consumed. No associative effects of barley on the OMD of the roughages were demonstrated. The acid-detergent fibre (ADF) digestibility of diets comprising the highest amount of barley with the oat straw and the field-cured hay of lowest N content were significantly lower than that of the respective all-roughage feeds. In Expt 2 the intake of increasing amounts of barley significantly reduced rumen pH, the molar proportion of acetic acid and the disappearance of hay and hay ADF from terylene bags within the rumen, while volatile fatty acid concentration and the molar proportion of butyric acid increased.Multiple regressions were obtained relating the change in roughage intake to the amount of barley fed and the digestibility and chemical composition of the roughages. The equation with the least error, explaining 88% of the variation, was Y= 30·561 — 0·615C — 21·453N±3·69, where Y is the change in roughage intake as a percentage of the intake of roughage fed alone, Cis barley intake as g OM/W0·73 and N is the nitrogen content of the roughage.

scholarly journals Concentrate containing calcium salts of fatty acids rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids can change rumen fermentation in grazing goats

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2621
Author(s):  
Ludmila Couto Gomes ◽  
Claudete Regina Alcalde ◽  
Julio Cesar Damasceno ◽  
Luiz Paulo Rigolon ◽  
Ana Paula Silva Possamai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Ruminal Ph

Feeding goats with calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) can supply ruminants with lipids, with minimal effects on ruminal fermentation and fiber digestibility. However, there is a shortage of information on the effect of CSFA on characteristics of rumen fermentation in grassland goats. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the addition of CSFA to concentrate on the parameters of rumen fermentation of grazing goats. Five rumen cannulated goats were distributed in a Latin square 5x5 design (treatments: 0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5% and 6.0% CSFA. The pH, ammonia N and volatile fatty acids (VFA) content were analyzed in the ruminal fluid at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after concentrate supplementation. The pH and ammonia N concentration showed a linear effect with the addition of CSFA. There was no effect observed for the VFA molar concentration after grazing goats were fed with the experimental diet. In conclusion, further research is needed to investigate the addition of CSFA to goat diets because there is evidence that CSFA increases ruminal pH and decreases excess ruminal ammonia without changing the VFA concentration in the rumen fluid.

Essential oils from Lippia turbinata and Tagetes minuta persistently reduce in vitro ruminal methane production in a continuous-culture system

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 709 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Garcia ◽  
P. E. Vercoe ◽  
M. J. Martínez ◽  
Z. Durmic ◽  
M. A. Brunetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Tagetes Minuta

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of essential oils (EO) from Lippia turbinata (LT) and Tagetes minuta (TM) as well as the rotation of both EO on fermentation parameters in vitro. Daily addition of LT, TM, or a 3-day rotation between them (TM/LT), as well as a control (without EO), was evaluated using the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec). The experiment lasted 19 days, with a 7-day adaptation period, followed by 12 days of treatment (Days 0–12). The EO were dissolved in ethanol (70% vol/vol) to be added daily to fermenters (300 μL/L) from Day 0. Daily measurements included methane concentration, total gas production, apparent DM disappearance and pH, which started 2 days before the addition of treatments. On Days 0, 4, 8 and 12 apparent crude protein disappearance and neutral detergent fibre disappearance, ammonia and volatile fatty acid concentration and composition were determined. Methane production was significantly inhibited shortly after addition of both EO added individually, and persisted over time with no apparent adaptation to EO addition. The TM/LT treatment showed a similar effect on methane production, suggesting that rotating the EO did not bring further improvements in reduction or persistency compared with the inclusion of the EO individually. Gas production, total volatile fatty acid concentration and composition and apparent crude protein disappearance were not affected by EO addition. Compared with the control, a 5% reduction of apparent DM disappearance and a 15% reduction of neutral detergent fibre disappearance were observed with the addition of EO. Only TM and TM/LT reduced ammonia concentration. Given the significant and persistent antimethanogenic activity of both EO, and the potential of T. minuta to modify nitrogen metabolism, EO from these plant species are of interest for developing new feed additives with potential application in ruminant nutrition that are also likely to be acceptable to consumers.

Substitution of sorghum grain for molasses increases the liveweight gain of steers given molasses-based diets

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. PEIRIS ◽  
R. ELLIOTT ◽  
B. W. NORTON
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Sorghum grain was included in a basal diet of molasses (molasses 505, urea 21, sunflower meal 191, pangola grass hay 250, minerals 31 g/kg as fed) at rates of 0, 202, 391 and 707 g/kg, generating diets in which grain replaced 0 (diet A), 33 (diet B), 66 (diet C) and 100% (diet D) of the molasses and hay. The four diets were fed to groups of four Hereford steers (293–334 kg liveweight) over a 96-day period. One half of each treatment group was implanted with a growth promotant (zeranol), and all were slaughtered at a commercial abattoir at the end of the trial. The inclusion of 33% grain increased voluntary feed consumption, digestible dry matter (DM) intake (from 57·6 to 82·0 g digestible DM/kg0·75 per day and significantly increased liveweight gain from 592 to 900 g/day. Zeranol implantation also increased liveweight gain but not feed intake. Steers given only grain (diet D) had the highest liveweight gains (1127 g/day). The addition of grain to molasses diets decreased urinary N excretion and increased ammonia and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in rumen fluid. Molar proportions of propionic acid in total VFA increased from 0·15 to 0·20, and butyric acid decreased from 0·36 to 0·29 when 33% of the molasses was replaced by sorghum grain. The fat content (depth at sacral position) of the carcasses of steers given grain only (diet D) was significantly greater (14 mm) than that of steers given the basal diet of molasses (4 mm), and carcass fat contents were intermediate (10 and 11 mm) for steers given diets B and C respectively. It was concluded that the inclusion of small amounts of grain in molasses-based diets increased cattle growth principally by increasing digestible energy intake without decreasing molasses intake, thus improving the efficiency of utilization of molasses in molasses-based diets.

FERMENTATION OF WHEAT OR LUPINS IN THE RUMEN OF SHEEP

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 29-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. HODGE ◽  
M. J. WATSON ◽  
C. KAT
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Total Volatile Fatty Acid

The concentration of ammonia nitrogen and branched chain fatty acids was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in ruminal fluid of sheep given lupins than in those given wheat but there were no significant differences in pH, total volatile fatty acid concentration or molar proportions of acetate, propionate or butyrate. Key words: Sheep, wheat, lupins, rumen, fermentation

An initial investigation on rumen fermentation pattern and methane emission of sheep offered diets containing urea or nitrate as the nitrogen source

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Li ◽  
J. Davis ◽  
J. Nolan ◽  
R. Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Fermentation Pattern

The effects of dietary nitrate and of urea on rumen fermentation pattern and enteric methane production were investigated using 4-month-old ewe lambs. Ten lambs were allocated into two groups (n = 5) and each group was offered one of two isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing either 1.5% urea (T1) or 3% calcium nitrate (T2). Methane production was estimated using open-circuit respiration chambers after 6 weeks of feeding. No difference in nitrogen (N) balance, apparent digestibility of N or microbial N outflow existed between treatments (P > 0.05). Animals offered the T2 diet lost less energy through methane than did those fed the T1 diet (P < 0.05). Total volatile fatty acid concentration, molar proportion of propionate, and the molar ratio of acetate to propionate in rumen fluid were not affected by dietary N source. Compared with urea inclusion, nitrate inclusion caused a significantly higher acetate and lower butyrate percentage in rumen volatile fatty acid. Nitrate supplementation tended to lower methane production by ~7.7 L/day relative to urea supplementation (P = 0.06). Methane yield (L/kg DM intake) was reduced (P < 0.05) by 35.4% when 1.5% urea was replaced by 3% calcium nitrate in the diet. Emission intensity (L methane/kg liveweight gain) was ~17.3% lower in the nitrate-supplemented sheep when compared with urea-fed sheep; however, the reduction was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). This study confirms that the presence of nitrate in the diet inhibits enteric methane production. As no clinical symptoms of nitrite toxicity were observed and sheep receiving nitrate-supplemented diet had similar growth to those consuming urea-supplemented diet, it is concluded that 3% calcium nitrate can replace 1.5% urea as a means of meeting ruminal N requirements and of reducing enteric methane emissions from sheep, provided animals are acclimated to nitrate gradually.

The effects of dietary oil inclusion and oil source on apparent digestibility, faecal volatile fatty acid concentration and manure ammonia emission

2004 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. G. Leek ◽  
V. E. Beattie ◽  
J. V. O’Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Oil Source ◽  
Dietary Oil

AbstractAn investigation was conducted to test the hypothesis that dietary oil inclusion increases ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) emission from the manure, due to a negative effect of either unsaturated or saturated oil on microbial activity in the intestine. Dietary oil was included at 45 g/kg, as either crude palm oil (PO), soya oil (SO) or a 50: 50 SO: PO blend (OB), to a basal barley-soya-wheat diet (control) at the expense of dextrose and maize starch. Diets were formulated to contain 13·2 MJ digestible energy per kg and 11·0 g/kg lysine. Four boars were assigned to each dietary treatment, and were transferred to metabolism crates (mean live weight, 74·0 (± 2·89) kg) following 14 days dietary acclimatization. Urine and faeces were collected separately over a 5-day digestibility/nitrogen (N) balance period and a 2-day manure collection period. Inclusion of dietary oil increased apparent digestibility of oil (P < 0·01) and decreased the apparent digestibility of dry matter (P < 0·01) and gross energy (P < 0·05). Dietary oil did not affect the apparent digestibility of nitrogen, acid-detergent fibre, neutral-detergent fibre or hemicellulose. Apparent digestibility of oil was lower when oil was included as PO compared with SO and OB (P < 0·001). The concentration of faecal volatile fatty acid (VFA) was similar in all treatments, although the acetic: propionic acid ratio was lower when oil was included as PO and OB compared with SO (P < 0·05). N balance, manure N concentration and NH3-N emission was not affected by oil inclusion or oil source. In conclusion, dietary oil inclusion reduced apparent dry matter and energy digestibilities, although no effect on fermentation was indicated by digestibility of fibre or faecal VFA content. Consequently, ammonia emission was not affected by dietary oil included at 45 g/kg.

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