scholarly journals Response of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) to seasonal and local changes in dietary energy content and quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 1315
Author(s):  
Andreas König ◽  
Martina Hudler ◽  
Sarah-Alica Dahl ◽  
Carmen Bolduan ◽  
Daniel Brugger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Forest Habitat ◽  
Natural Diet ◽  
Agricultural Habitat

Context In terms of their nutritional physiology, roe deer have been called ‘concentrate selectors’. This implies that they select proteins in their diet and are not able to digest fibre. It is, thus, suggested that in an agricultural landscape, they are unable to digest the high fibre content of arable crops and, thus, suffer and need to be given supplementary feed. Aims Our aim was to determine the nutrient composition and energy content of the roe deer diet in an agricultural habitat compared with that in a natural forest habitat. Methods Rumen contents of 245 roe deer were collected to represent each month of the year for 3 years, weighed, and analysed by standard methods for nutrient and fibre content. Key results Roe deer in the agricultural habitat had rumen contents with significantly higher metabolisable energy (ME) concentrations, with a median of 6.2 MJ ME/kg DM, than did roe deer in the forest habitat, where the median was 5.4 MJ ME/kg DM. The mass of rumen contents in the forest habitat was, on average, 240 g higher than that in the agricultural habitat. Roe deer in the forest habitat compensate for the lower energy concentration in their natural diet by increasing their food intake. The concentration in the agricultural habitat is a result of the higher proportion of easily digestible carbohydrates in the diet. The concentration of crude protein in the rumen contents did not differ statistically between the two areas. In both habitats, the mean crude fibre concentration varied between 24% DM and 34% DM, and was significantly higher in the forest. The concentration of crude fibre selected by the roe deer is similar to the concentration of crude fibre known to be selected by red deer and fallow deer (intermediate feeders) and mouflon (a grazer) (Hofmann 1989). Conclusions The term ‘concentrate selector’ should be replaced by ‘selector’ to avoid misinterpretations. Energy shortfalls were not observed in either of the populations during the study period. Implications Supplemental feeding was not necessary to maintain the population.

High fibre selection by roe deer (Capreolus capreolus): evidence of ruminal microbiome adaption to seasonal and geographical differences in nutrient composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 1303
Author(s):  
Sarah-Alica Dahl ◽  
Martina Hudler ◽  
Wilhelm Windisch ◽  
Carmen Bolduan ◽  
Daniel Brugger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Agricultural Habitat ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
High Concentrations

Context. The European roe deer owes its ability to digest fibre to its microbiome. This is made up of many different species at different levels of abundance and with different differentiations. In Europe, the roe deer is often classified as a so-called ‘concentrate selector’. This term has often been interpreted by different researchers to mean a selector of either protein- or energy-rich food. According to various studies, this selection behaviour is due to the low abundance of fibre-degrading microorganisms. Aims. The aim of the present study was to determine the concentration of crude nutrients in the rumen of roe deer, with the focus on the fibre fractions, and to show changes among seasons and between habitats. Furthermore, the aim was to find out how far the composition of the ruminal microbiota adapts to these changes. Methods. From 2011 to 2014, we collected the rumens of 245 roe deer in two Bavarian habitat types, a forest and an agricultural habitat. The crude nutrient contents and the size of the total microbiome and the proportions of individual genera were determined in the rumen content. Key results. The average annual concentration of crude fibre in the ingested food is 26–30% and this rises to 38% in certain months. The forest roe deer had the highest proportions of crude fibre in their food and the concentrations of other nutrients were also highly dependent on the season and habitat. Furthermore, the animals also have far less protein in their rumen content than often assumed. The total number of microorganisms in the rumens of the forest deer is significantly higher than in animals living in the agricultural area. The number of microorganisms was highest in the forest roe deer in winter, and in the roe deer from the agricultural area in summer. Clear connections can also be seen between individual groups of microorganisms and particular crude nutrients. The high crude-fibre concentration leads to a high number of fibre-degrading microorganisms, such as, for example, anaerobic fungi or the Ruminococcus flavefaciens. Conclusions. The results showed a high adaptability of the animals to a fibre-rich diet. The microbiome adapts very well to the respective nutrient availabilities. This, in turn, is what allows the roe deer to adapt so readily to diverse habitats and environmental conditions. Implications. Due to the generally high concentrations of fibre, combined with the high numbers of fibre-degraders in the rumen, we suggest that, from now on, we should talk of a roe deer as being a ‘selector’ or ‘browser’ rather than a ‘concentrate selector’.

scholarly journals Extensive Orchards in the Agricultural Landscape: Effective Protection against Fraying Damage Caused by Roe Deer

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 3738
Author(s):  
Petr Marada ◽  
Jan Cukor ◽  
Rostislav Linda ◽  
Zdeněk Vacek ◽  
Stanislav Vacek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Plastic Tube ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Observed Damage

The objective of this research was to determine the efficiency of different types of protective barriers and how they protect against fraying damage in extensive fruit tree orchards. Orchards in open agricultural land are the target of fraying damage caused by roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.). We assessed the effectiveness of four protective barriers: a rabbit-proof fence, a standard plastic tube commonly used in forestry, and an innovative plastic tube—variants with and without an additional rendering fat application. The study was situated in three extensive orchards in the southeastern part of Moravia in the Czech Republic. We analyzed the ratio of damaged trees, stem circumference damage, the length and height of damage on tree stems, the time periods with the most observed damage, and finally, the economic efficiency of each studied barrier. Most of the damage was observed in April and July. The most effective protective barrier was the innovative tube with rendering fat application (up to 100%) followed closely by the innovative tube without rendering fat application (95%). The standard plastic tube had an effectiveness of 49%, while the rabbit-proof fence was the least effective at 25%. In terms of the mean damage-lengths on tree stems, we found no significant differences between the rabbit-proof fence and the standard plastic tubes (21–22 cm). The usage of the innovative plastic tube without rendering fat reduced the average damage-length by half (10 cm) as compared to standard types (rabbit-proof fence, standard tube) of protection. The damage-heights on tree stems showed no significant differences among all variants (53–58 cm from the ground). Our analysis of economic parameters showed that rabbit-proof fencing had the worst cost efficiency, while the innovative tubes without rendering fat, had the best cost efficiency. We recommend starting the installation of protective barriers on trees in March, since we recorded relatively high activity of male roe deer in the following months.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF BROILER LITTER AS PROTEIN SOURCE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BUNAJI (WHITE FULANI) BULL CALVES

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
M. A. BELEWU ◽  
J. A. ADENEYE
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Broiler Litter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Ad Libitum

Effect on Voluntary feed intake and Intensive livestock production in recent digestibility when growing cattle consuming forage were supplemented with autoclaved broiler litter (ABL) was investigated. Four, 8-11 months old Bunaji bull calves (82.20kg mean initial BW) in a 4x4 Latin squuare with 21-d periods consuming Panicum Maximum hay ad libitum were randomly alloted to treatments. Concentrate supplement treatments with A (Control, 20 ABL), B (20%), C (40%) and (60%)ABL levels respectively. Calves consumed an average of 1882.25g DM, 165, CP from the sole hay ration. As ABL inclusion increased in the concentrated diets, mean intake crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (CF), and detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and cellulose increased EE decreased significantly (P<0.01). quality, depending largely on type of bedding The digestibilities of the DM, CP, CF, ADF, NDF and cellulose of ration A that contained the highest CW (98%) and the least CP (5.14%) where energy content is low (FAO, 1980). Reduction significantly lower (P < 0.01) than those of ABL of chergy content resulting from the based rations B to D. gain was  greatest (P<0.05) for rations D. Gain:DM intake was greater with ABL than without (0.07,  0.40.0.16 and 0.17 for control A, B, C, and D diets The MFN: FN ratio declined as  dietary nitrogen level increased. The results. emphasised the need to supplement the feeding The digestible energy concentration of the of Bunaji cattle with a concentrate diet that Insight simply consist of a combination of roughage (Fontenot and Jurubescu, cassava wastes meal (CWM) and autoclaved broiler litter (ABL), the best of which was shown in this study to be 60% ABL and 38% CWM offered ad Libitum.

Volatile fatty acids in the ruemen of sheep fed grass, unwilted and wilted silage, and barn-dried hay

1971 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Anderson ◽  
N. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Crude Fibre Content

SUMMARYExperiments were carried out to assess the effect of the following diets: unwilted and wilted silage, barn-dried hay and wilted silage and ensiled mixtures of grass and barley on the ruminal VFA patterns in sheep.There was a tendency for the unwilted silage to result in a slightly higher level of rumen acetate and a lower level of propionate than grass, wilted silage or barn-dried hay. In two of the experiments (Exps. 2 and 4) significant direct relationships were found between rumen acetate and the crude-fibre content of the diets and significant inverse relationships were found between the rumen propionate and the crude-fibre content of the diets.Significant relationships were also found between the rumen acids and the metabolizable energy content of the diets and in Exp. 2 there was a significant relationship between the rumen acetate and the water-soluble carbohydrate content of the diet.The addition of barley meal to grass produced different ruminal VFA patterns in sheep fed the ensiled material and the resulting silage.

Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) mortality in relation to fodder harvest in agricultural landscape

Mammalia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Cukor ◽  
František Havránek ◽  
Zdeněk Vacek ◽  
Karel Bukovjan ◽  
Vilém Podrázský ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Search Method ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Hunting Dogs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Intensively Managed

Abstract In the agricultural landscape, thousands of animals are killed yearly as a result of agricultural machinery innovation, mostly because of a higher harvesting speed and wider cutting bars. Harvesting machines besides predation by red fox (Vulpes vulpes L.) on roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) in the intensively managed cultural landscape are the most crucial factor in fawn mortality. This article offers an evaluation of the mostly used preventive methods, which aim to drive roe deer does along with their fawns out of fodder meadows prepared for harvest in the Czech Republic. Evaluation of efficiency and effectiveness of the different methods was made based on the questionnaire survey published in a professional hunting journal. The assessment of responses from a survey was followed by a field-based investigation conducted before fodder harvesting. The devices studied for efficiency were acoustic, optical and scent deterrents in comparison to the traditional search method combined with volunteers and hunting dogs. The results show differences in the number of fawns saved per hectare. A significant difference was found only between the optical deterrent method (0.4 fawns saved per hectare) and traditional search method (0.09 fawns saved per hectare). This study found no substantial difference among various deterring devices in terms of their effectiveness in reducing the mortality of roe deer fawns. Thus, it is important to explore the innovative methods in the future that can work most effectively for saving not only deer fawns, but also other game animals in the cultural landscape.

Predation by red fox on European roe deer fawns in relation to age, sex, and birth date

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Jarnemo ◽  
Olof Liberg ◽  
Steffan Lockowandt ◽  
Agneta Olsson ◽  
Kjell Wahlström
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Birth Date ◽  
Birth Peak ◽  
Overall Mortality

Mortality in radio-marked European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758)) neonates was studied during 14 years in a mixed forest–agricultural landscape in Sweden. A total of 233 fawns were marked. Births were synchronized, with 79% occurring during 25 days and a peak between 25 May and 7 June encompassing 62% of the births. Overall mortality was 42%, but in three single years, it exceeded 85%. Predation by red fox (Vulpes vulpes Desmarest, 1820) accounted for 81% of total mortality. The effects of age, sex, and time of birth on the vulnerability to predation were analysed. Fawns born just after the birth peak had the lowest predation risk. Predation rate was highest for the fawns that had the very earliest or the very latest birth dates. Predation thereby seems to strengthen the birth synchrony in roe deer. Contrary to earlier published findings, there was no difference in susceptibility to predation between the sexes. Also differing from earlier findings was that predation rate was highest during the first week of life and declined thereafter almost linearly. The majority of the fawns (85%) were killed before 30 days of age and 98% before 40 days. Different types of landscapes may explain the discrepancies between our study and earlier findings.

Changes in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) population density in response to forest habitat succession

1996 ◽  
Vol 88 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M.A. Gill ◽  
A.L. Johnson ◽  
A. Francis ◽  
K. Hiscocks ◽  
A.J. Peace
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Forest Habitat ◽  
Habitat Succession

scholarly journals Chemical composition of the rumen contents in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) as potential quality indicator of their feeding

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenad Djordjevic ◽  
Zoran Popovic ◽  
Goran Grubic
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Potential Indicator ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

In the experiment the chemical composition of rumen contents in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) was investigated in the "Sarajevska Reka" hunting area. The investigations were done on 20 deer shot from May 2005 to January 2006. Experiment was done as random plan, with four treatments (seasons) and uneven distribution of subjects within treatments. The results of chemical analysis confirmed significant influence of season on the amount of total nitrogen and crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, ash and ammonia nitrogen (P<0.05). Variations in pH values, NFE, calcium and phosphorus in dry matter and total ash of the rumen contents were lower and there was no significant influence of season on those parameters. The obtained results for total protein, calcium and phosphorus in the rumen contents in roe deer shot during the winter show significantly higher presence of those components than the usual recommendations for concentrate mixtures produced for the species. Although those results are not a real indication of the diet's chemical composition, they may be used as potential indicator of the quality of the diet and can be useful when formulating the additional feeding routine for winter months.

scholarly journals Ticks on game animals in the fragmented agricultural landscape of western Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 1781-1788
Author(s):  
Olaf Ciebiera ◽  
Andżelina Łopińska ◽  
Grzegorz Gabryś
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Haemaphysalis Concinna ◽  
First Time ◽  
Game Animals

AbstractTicks (Acari: Ixodida) are well known external parasites of game animals that cause serious veterinary and medical problems. The occurrence and geographical distribution of different species of ticks in Western Poland have changed over the last decades. The purpose of the present study was to determine the species spectrum and prevalence of ticks parasitizing three species of game animals, the Eurasian wild boar Sus scrofa L., red deer Cervus elaphus L., and roe deer Capreolus capreolus (L.) in two hunting districts in Lubuskie Province. In addition, the distribution of ticks on the host’s body and the intensity of infestation were determined. Ticks were collected from dead animals during the hunting seasons in 2013 and 2014, over the periods from May to June and from August to December. In total, 286 specimens were examined: 138 Eurasian wild boars, 8 red deers, and 140 roe deers. Altogether, 1891 ticks were collected. Three species of ticks were determined: Ixodes ricinus (L.), Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabricius, 1794), and Haemaphysalis concinna (C.L. Koch, 1844). H. concinna was recorded for the first time in Lubuskie Province.

scholarly journals Use of aerial thermography to reduce mortality of roe deer fawns before harvest

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Cukor ◽  
Jan Bartoška ◽  
Jan Rohla ◽  
Jan Sova ◽  
Antonín Machálek
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
Short Time Span ◽  
Short Time

In agricultural landscape, there are thousands of young wild animals killed every year. Their deaths are caused mostly by agricultural fieldworks during spring harvest. Among the affected animals there are also fawns of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), which react to danger by pressing themselves against the ground in order to be protected from predators. There were various methods tested in the past aimed at decreasing roe deer mortality caused by agriculture machinery with varied levels of success. This contribution presents technology that documents the possibility of searching for fawns with a thermal imaging device carried by an unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). The results are based on field research that estimated the ideal height of flight being ±40 meters above ground. If the climatic conditions are favourable, it is possible to monitor and mark fawn locations using GPS coordinates in an area of about 14 ha in 25 minutes, which is the average flight time of UAV on one battery charge. The thermo-camera is very reliable in finding fawns in early morning hours (4 to 6 a.m.) when there is the highest temperature contrast between the searched object and its surroundings. The main limiting factors are climatic conditions and the short time span in which the thermo-camera can be used. If the basic requirements are met, the rate of successful fawn detection can be even up to 100%. An undisputed advantage of this method is the possibility of involvement of local gamekeepers. Thus the agricultural fieldworks are not interrupted.

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