Genotype×environment interactions in sugarcane between China and Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuekuan Chen ◽  
Phillip Jackson ◽  
Wankuan Shen ◽  
Haihua Deng ◽  
Yuanhong Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Trial Data ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Production Environments

Sugarcane improvement has traditionally been conducted by nationally focussed breeding programs, with some exchange of elite cultivars among some programs. It has been generally assumed by breeders that genotype × country interactions are large, and therefore selection trial data in one country may be of limited relevance to another. However, no studies quantifying clone × country interactions have been reported to our knowledge. In research reported here, a common set of mostly unselected sugarcane genotypes was evaluated in commercial production environments in Australia and China. Consistent with past studies, genotype × site interaction was an important source of variation within each country. Overall a moderate to high genetic correlation existed between production environments in China and Australia for cane yield and sugar content (0.77 for both traits). This suggests that despite difference in environmental conditions and crop management in production environments between countries, that selection trials in China have some relevance for selecting clones for Australian environments and vice versa. It also supports the hypothesis that regular exchange of selected germplasm from effective breeding programs between countries will have mutual benefits.

Application of spatial analysis techniques to adjust for fertility trends and identify interplot competition in early stage sugarcane selection trials

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 911 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Stringer ◽  
B. R. Cullis
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Field Variation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Fertility Trends ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Modelling Approach

Most sugarcane breeding programs in Australia use large unreplicated trials to evaluate clones in the early stages of selection. Commercial varieties that are replicated provide a method of local control of soil fertility. Although such methods may be useful in detecting broad trends in the field, variation often occurs on a much smaller scale. Methods such as spatial analysis adjust a plot for variability by using information from immediate neighbours. These techniques are routinely used to analyse cereal data in Australia and have resulted in increased accuracy and precision in the estimates of variety effects. In this paper, spatial analyses in which the variability is decomposed into local, natural, and extraneous components are applied to early selection trials in sugarcane. Interplot competition in cane yield and trend in sugar content were substantial in many of the trials and there were often large differences in the selections between the spatial and current method used by the Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations. A joint modelling approach for tonnes sugar per hectare in response to fertility trends and interplot competition is recommended.

Early stage selection for commercial cane sugar (CCS) in sugarcane clones: effects of time of sampling and irrigation

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip A. Jackson ◽  
Terry E. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sugarcane Breeding ◽  
Selection For

Commercially recoverable sugar content in sugarcane (CCS, expressed as a percentage) is a key selection criterion in sugarcane breeding programs. In some sugarcane breeding programs there may be significant operational advantages in measuring CCS early in the crop growth cycle, well before commercial harvesting would normally commence, and in restricting growth by withholding irrigation to reduce cane yield and lodging. Two field experiments were conducted to investigate these effects. The experiments included clones representative of genotypes routinely assessed in the earliest stages of clonal selection in breeding programs. Differences among genotypes for CCS were expressed early when cane had very low CCS (in February or March), and then rates of increase in CCS following that time were similar in most genotypes. Therefore, time of sampling had little effect on ranking of genotypes for CCS, and selection for high CCS could be effective early in the year. Irrigation regime also had little effect on ranking of the clones for CCS, indicating that mild water stress could be imposed with no adverse effect on selection results. The results are discussed in relation to optimising selection procedures and systems in early stage selection trials in sugarcane breeding programs, and better understanding the physiological basis of genetic variation in CCS.

Genotype × environment interactions in sugarcane. I. Patterns of response across sites and crop-years in north Queensland

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Jackson ◽  
DM Hogarth
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sugarcane Breeding ◽  
General Response ◽  
Efficient Selection

Responses of sugarcane genotypes across environments in north Queensland for sugar yield and its components cane yield and sugar content, were examined using pattern analysis methods. The aim was to provide information which could be used in designing efficient selection methods for sugarcane breeding programs. Of particular interest was the comparison of variation in relative performance of genotypes across sites and crop-years. Results from two series of sugarcane trials in north Queensland are presented. In the first series, 65 genotypes were evaluated at four sites and across plant, first ratoon and second ratoon crops. In the second, 52 genotypes were evaluated across four sites and across plant and first ratoon crops. Crops and years were confounded in both series. Crop-years within sites were generally more similar for genotypic responses than environments from different sites. Within most sites the relative ranking of groups of genotypes derived from cluster analysis was similar across different crop-years. However, there were some substantial differences in ranking of the groups between some sites and selection would vary if different subsets of sites were considered. There was little variation among groups in general response to ratoon crop-years. The results indicate that testing across sites is of importance. However, the similarity in information obtained across crop-years within most sites suggests there may be limited gain in testing across multiple crops or years within a particular site.

INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO NET BLOTCH IN BARLEY. I. FACTORS AFFECTING THE PENETRANCE AND EXPRESSIVITY OF GENE(S) CONDITIONING HOST RESISTANCE

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Host Reaction ◽  
Susceptible Parent ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Drechslera Teres ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
High Level

Variability in the host-reaction of barley to infection by Drechslera teres was examined in the parents and progeny of selected crosses under different environmental conditions of testing.The Ethiopian variety C.I. 5791 exhibits a consistently high level of resistance under a range of environmental conditions, which is in contrast to the Manchurian variety C.I. 2330. The sensitivity of the genes for resistance possessed by these varieties to environmental modifications is considered to depend upon their respective genetic backgrounds. Furthermore, variability of host reaction in the progeny of these resistant varieties was shown to be influenced by the genetic background of the susceptible parent used.The implications of these findings in the conduct and interpretation of genetic studies and in backcross breeding programs is discussed.

ADDITIONAL CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF MALTING QUALITY IN BARLEY BREEDING

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. BENDELOW
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Malting Quality ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Barley Breeding ◽  
Sample Extraction ◽  
Criteria For Selection ◽  
Selection Of

A procedure that provides information on the suitability of barley for malting and, brewing purposes is described. Three parameters are measured: mash filtration rate, wort viscosity and wort-reducing sugar content, as maltose. Maltose is determined by an auto-analyzer method and this is a satisfactory alternative to the specific gravity procedure for the estimation of percent extract. The addition of these criteria to those already in use enables more discriminatory selection at early generations of barley-breeding programs. The technique requires only one sample extraction and 18 g of laboratory malt.

scholarly journals Optimising grapevine summer stress responses and hormonal balance by applying kaolin in two Portuguese Demarcated Regions

OENO One ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-222
Author(s):  
Sara Bernardo ◽  
Lia-Tânia Dinis ◽  
Ana Luzio ◽  
Nelson Machado ◽  
Alexandre Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Hormonal Balance ◽  
Summer Stress ◽  
Grapevine Leaves

In Mediterranean-like climate areas, field-grown grapevines are typically exposed to severe environmental conditions during the summer season, which can negatively impact the sustainability of viticulture. Despite the short-term mitigation strategies available nowadays to cope with climate change, little is known regarding their effectiveness in different demarcated winegrowing regions with differing climate features. Hence, we applied a kaolin suspension (5 %) to Touriga-Franca (TF) and Touriga-Nacional (TN) grapevine varieties located in two Portuguese demarcated regions (Alentejo and Douro) with different mesoclimates to study its effect on the physiological performance, hormonal balance and ABA-related grapevine leaf gene expression during the 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. Data show that 2017 was warmer than 2018 due to the occurrence of two heatwaves in both locations, highlighting the protective effect of kaolin application under severe environmental conditions. In the first study year, at midday, kaolin enhanced water use efficiency (23 % in Douro and 13 % in Alentejo), carbon assimilation rates (PN; 72 % in Douro and 25 % in Alentejo), and the soluble sugar content of grapevine leaves, while decreasing the accumulation of plant growth regulators (ABA, IAA, and SA) during the ripening stage. The results show an up-regulation of ABA biosynthesis-related genes (VvNCED) in TF treated vines from the Douro vineyard mainly in 2017, suggesting an increased stress response under severe summer conditions. Additionally, kaolin triggered the expression of ABA-responsive genes (VvHVA22a and VvSnRK2.6) mainly in TF, indicating different varietal responses to kaolin application under fluctuating periods of summer stress.

scholarly journals Ancient Danish Apple Cultivars—A Comprehensive Metabolite and Sensory Profiling of Apple Juices

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nunzia Iaccarino ◽  
Camilla Varming ◽  
Mikael Agerlin Petersen ◽  
Nanna Viereck ◽  
Birk Schütz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Aroma Components ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Comprehensive Characterization

In recent decades, intensive selective breeding programs have allowed the development of disease-resistant and flavorsome apple cultivars while leading to a gradual decline of a large number of ancient varieties in many countries. However, the re-evaluation of such cultivars could lead to the production new apple-based products with health beneficial properties and/or unique flavor qualities. Herein, we report the comprehensive characterization of juices obtained from 86 old, mostly Danish, apple cultivars, by employing traditional analysis (ion chromatography, °Brix, headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and panel test evaluation) as well as an innovative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based screening method developed by Bruker for fruit juices, known as Spin Generated Fingerprint (SGF) Profiling™. Principal component analysis showed large differences in aroma components and sensory characteristics, including odd peculiar odors and flavors such as apricot and peach, and very different levels of phenolic compounds, acids and sugars among the analyzed juices. Moreover, we observed a tendency for late-season juices to be characterized by higher °Brix values, sugar content and they were perceived to be sweeter and more flavor intense than early-season juices. Our findings are useful for the production of specialty vintage-cultivar apple juices or mixed juices to obtain final products that are characterized both by healthy properties and peculiar sensory attributes.

scholarly journals Optimizing design to estimate genetic correlations between environments with common environmental effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lozano-Jaramillo ◽  
Hans Komen ◽  
Yvonne C J Wientjes ◽  
Han A Mulder ◽  
John W M Bastiaansen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Optimizing Design ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Optimal Population ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Breeding programs for different species aim to improve performance by testing members of full-sib (FS) and half-sib (HS) families in different environments. When genotypes respond differently to changes in the environment, this is defined as genotype by environment (G × E) interaction. The presence of common environmental effects within families generates covariance between siblings, and these effects should be taken into account when estimating a genetic correlation. Therefore, an optimal design should be established to accurately estimate the genetic correlation between environments in the presence of common environmental effects. We used stochastic simulation to find the optimal population structure using a combination of FS and HS groups with different levels of common environmental effects. Results show that in a population with a constant population size of 2,000 individuals per environment, ignoring common environmental effects when they are present in the population will lead to an upward bias in the estimated genetic correlation of on average 0.3 when the true genetic correlation is 0.5. When no common environmental effects are present in the population, the lowest standard error (SE) of the estimated genetic correlation was observed with a mating ratio of one dam per sire, and 10 offspring per sire per environment. When common environmental effects are present in the population and are included in the model, the lowest SE is obtained with mating ratios of at least 5 dams per sire and with a minimum number of 10 offspring per sire per environment. We recommend that studies that aim to estimate the magnitude of G × E in pigs, chicken, and fish should acknowledge the potential presence of common environmental effects and adjust the mating ratio accordingly.

scholarly journals La nécessité d'un programme d'amélioration de certaines essences forestières feuillues : Applications aux genres Juglans et Acer

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 386-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Parrot
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Short Term Study ◽  
Wood Sculpture ◽  
The One ◽  
Selection Of

Although most of our tree-breeding programs are concerned with coniferous forest species, we must not neglect the valuable hardwoods exploited in our region. The need of these programs for hardwoods is undeniable and they should be based, as much as possible, on genecological studies.One such study illustrates the wide variation in genetic adaptation of Juglans nigra and indicates its practical implications. Further, these results were obtained from a short-term study of 17 provenances for variations in frost-hardiness at a single location.Intra-specific variation is being investigated in Juglans cinerea, a more common species in our region than the one previously mentioned and one which is also in strong demand for furniture-making and wood sculpture. The resulting data will permit the selection of the best seed zones. Such a breeding program could eventually support far more than small, local industries.Another project involving Acer saccharum describes the variation in sugar-content of sap in three maple stands sampled each spring from 1965 to 1969. Two stands were very homogeneous compared to the third. The magnitude of the differences maintained throughout the study period led to the selection of nine genotypes whose sugar contents varied from 4.6% to 9.7%, indicating maximum genetic gains on the order of 150%.Continued research in vegetative propagation of Acer saccharum is needed for the production of clonal populations for breeding programs.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation and Correlation among Resin Yield, Growth, and Morphologic Traits of Pinus massoniana

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghua Liu ◽  
Zhichun Zhou ◽  
Huihua Fan ◽  
Yurong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
The Other ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Family Effects ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
The Individual

AbstractIn breeding programs, the variations and relationships among main traits need to be understood to develop selection and breeding strategies. Resin is considered as one of most important non-timber production of P. massoniana which can privides terpenes used in the chemical industry. The present study assessed the genetic variations in growth, morphologic traits, and resin yield, as well as the phenotypic and genetic correlations between these traits of 45 half-sib families of eight-year-old Pinus massoniana trees. All traits show highly significant family effects. The individual heritability for diameter at breast height (DBH) was the highest (hi2=0.55). Heritabilities for resin yield, tree height, crown depth, and the height to the live crown were slightly lower than DBH, ranging from 0.32 to 0.45. The other traits were under weak genetic control and heritabilities ranged from 0.17 to 0.20. All growth and morphologic traits were significantly correlated genetically with resin yield. Number of living branches had the highest genetic correlation with resin yield (rg=0.99), followed by DBH and number of living whorls (rg=0.73 and 0.70). Only a moderate positive genetic correlation with resin yield was found with the other traits (rg=0.47-0.57), except for height under the living branches (rg=-0.45). The results of this study indicate that both resin yield and growth can be improved simultaneously in the next generation. Of the traits assessed DBH was the optimum trait for indirectly selecting high-yielding resin trees.

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