Studies on the carbohydrate metabolism of sheep. I. The range of blood-sugar values under several conditions

1950 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Reid
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Fasting Level ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Bodily Condition

The considerable volume of literature dealing with the normal range of blood-sugar values in ruminants and with the effect of varying nutritive conditions upon it is reviewed in some detail. Attention is drawn to differences between ruminant and non-ruminant mammals, and an attempt is made to explain them in the light of present knowledge of digestive processes in the ruminant. Data are presented on the normal range of blood-sugar values in sheep, both in Australia and in England, and on the effect of nutritive factors and of pregnancy on these values. The mean blood-sugar values determined by the author in non-pregnant ewes in Australia and in England were 34.8 ± 3.06 and 39.1 ± 3.37 mg. per cent. respectively. The observed range in both pregnant and non-pregnant ewes was 18-57 mg. per cent., but 94 per cent. of values fell between 25 and 46 mg. per cent. This range was obtained in sheep bled usually in the morning, before feeding. A delayed rise, which is slight and always below hyperglycaemic levels, was observed after feeding; the afternoon samples showed higher values than the morning samples. Thus, the normal range of blood-sugar values in fed sheep, at any time of day, is considered to be 25-50 mg. per cent. The level of blood sugar was affected neither by the plane of nutrition nor by the bodily condition of non-pregnant ewes. Gestation in ewes in good condition was observed not to affect the level, although evidence was obtained of lowered blood-sugar levels during the last two months of gestation in ewes in poor condition. Expressed as a percentage of the pre-fasting level, the decrease in blood sugar observed during a four-day fast was similar to that observed in non-ruminants, but the response was delayed. Fasting for a period of 24 hours had little effect on the blood-sugar level in non-pregnant sheep in good condition; in many cases there was little change after the period had been extended to 46 hours. On the other hand, a fast of 24 hours' duration produced a marked hypoglycaemia in ewes in poor bodily condition during the last two months of gestation, blood-sugar levels as low as 8.6 mg. per cent. being recorded.

PLASMA FREE FATTY ACID AND BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS IN NEWBORN INFANTS AND THEIR MOTHERS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-604
Author(s):  
Doman K. Keele ◽  
Jacob L. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Blood Sugar Level ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Simultaneous plasma free fatty acid (FFA) and blood sugar levels were determined for fasting newborn infants during the first 24 hours of life, for their cord bloods, and for their mothers at delivery. The following observations were made. In control infants the mean FFA level rose about three times the cord level after birth and was accompanied by a 25% drop in the mean blood sugar level. Thereafter, the mean blood sugar level remained relatively constant, but the mean FFA level varied from 2½ to 3 times the cord level. There was no significant correlation between the length of maternal fasting prior to delivery and the infant FFA level; there was, however a significant negative correlation between the length of maternal fasting prior to delivery and the infant blood sugar level at 24 hours of age. High FFA levels occurred in the infants of obese mothers and low levels were observed in infants with delayed respirations, in infants of preeclamptic mothers, and in infants of diabetic mothers.

scholarly journals Effect of Single Clove Garlic Extract (Allium Sativum Linn) on Blood Sugar Levels, Malondialdehyde, Insulin Levels and Insulin Resistance (Experiments in Rats (Rattus Novergicus) Induced by Streptozotocin

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 954-963
Author(s):  
Yeni Susanti ◽  
Merryana Adriani ◽  
Annis Catur Adi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Oral Antidiabetic Drugs ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Oral Antidiabetic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sugar Levels

Oral antidiabetic drugs mostly give unwanted side effects, so it is necessary to develop a traditional treatment system for diabetes mellitus which is relatively safe. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of single clove garlic on decreasing blood sugar levels, decreasing malondialdehyde levels, increasing insulin levels, and decreasing insulin resistance in experimental rats induced by streptozotocin 50 mg / KgBB. (P1) therapy of single clove garlic 50 mg/kgBB, (P2) therapy of single clove of garlic 75 mg/KgBB, (P3) therapy of single clove of garlic 125 mg/KgBB. The most effective dose in this study was 125 mg/KgBB. Comparison test the mean of each group with the Manova test. The flavonoids in single clove garlic have been shown to be powerful agents to reduce the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications.

Diet Control in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-250
Author(s):  
Piyaporn Sitkulanan ◽  
Natthananporn Sanguanklin ◽  
Sirikhwan Pomjumpa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Sugar Levels

Background: The incidence of diabetes mellitus has significantly increased in the last two decades. Gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM, is a complication that affects both pregnant women and newborn babies. Pregnant women that are diagnosed with GDM are 7 times more likely to be diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus. In addition, infants born by GDM mothers are at higher risk of developing diabetes mellitus in the future. Objective: The study aims to review the literature on the diet control in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Results: Controlling blood sugar within the normal range during pregnancy can decrease negative pregnancy outcomes. However, most pregnant women with GDM cannot control their blood sugar within the normal range because of a lack of knowledge and skill in selecting appropriate foods. They also often experience inconsistency in their diet control behavior Most pregnant women worry about gaining too much weight, and most pregnant women with GDM have to learn how to choose their food properly in terms of both nutrients and quantity in order to control their blood sugar levels within the normal range. Conclusion: Diet control during pregnancy is one way to prevent the negative consequences of GDM for both mothers and infants. The food proportion for pregnant women with gestational diabetes is CHO: PRO: FAT = 50: 20:30 and also to consume an appropriate amount of vitamins and minerals and water each day.

scholarly journals Diabetes management with practice of Yoga Asanas and 2 spoons of Amla Juice and Turmeric for 90 days

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Phaneendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Software Engineer ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Yoga Therapy ◽  
Sugar Levels ◽  
Diabetic Person ◽  
Therapy Protocol

This case study is of a Diabetic person who works as an IT software engineer in Bangalore. Yoga Therapy Workshop was organized for 3 weeks (15 working days) in IT Company. The person showed interest in implementing the yoga therapy protocol for a longer duration to control her Diabetes. Her sense of well-being improved within one week of following the protocol which included Asanas, Meditation, Pranayam and Home Remedies such as Amla juice with Turmeric. She practiced yoga regularly and consumed 2 tablespoons of Amla Juice with 1 gram of Turmeric on an empty stomach for 90 consecutive days. She was not on any medication since she was diagnosed as a diabetic. Yoga has shown significant improvement in reversing the patient’s diabetes condition and returning her blood sugar levels to normal range.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON DRUG-DRUG INTERACTION BETWEEN GLIPIZIDE AND CIMETIDINE IN RABBITS

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-18
Author(s):  
RANJEETA GHOLVE ◽  
DHANESHWAR SHEP ◽  
PRAKASHCHANDRA GADE ◽  
MANISH RAMAVAT
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Blood Sugar Level ◽  
H2 Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Single Drug ◽  
Single Drug Therapy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sugar Levels

Objective: To study the effect of Cimetidine (H2 receptor antagonist) in combination with Glipizide (Sulfonylurea) on the blood sugar level in rabbits. Methods: Six albino rabbits were taken for the study. Glipizide was administrated to each rabbit as a single drug therapy on day 1 and it was co-administrated with Cimetidine to each rabbit as a combinational drug therapy on day 7. Cimetidine was administrated to each rabbit from day 2 to day 6 as single drug therapy. Blood sugar levels were estimated on day 1 and on day 7 at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h. Results: The mean blood sugar level readings at 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 h on day 1 were 90.4, 69.4, 62.9 and 65.7 mg% and on day 7 were 89.4, 74.8, 65.5, 56.4 and 61.2 mg % respectively. When mean blood sugar level on day 1 and day 7 was considered, there was a significant reduction in blood sugar level at 1, 2, 4 and 6 h and there was no significant fall in blood sugar level at 0 hour after co-administration of Glipizide and Cimetidine. Conclusion: Cimetidine, when co-administered with Glipizide, significantly increases the hypoglycaemic action of Glipizide.

scholarly journals Anti-hyperglyceamic Effects of Psidium guajava LINN Crude Leaf Extracts and Fractions in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Uchenna Nwabunwanne Eze ◽  
Ugwu Chukwuebuka V ◽  
Onuoha Maxwell ◽  
Ubenyi Stanley M
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Crude Leaf Extract ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sugar Levels

In Nigeria, rural inhabitants often resort to herbal remedies and dietary control for the treatment and management of various forms of diabetes mellitus. This study was conducted to provide the rationale for the use of Psidium guajava leaves as a potent traditional anti-diabetic remedy. The crude leaf extracts of n-hexane, methanol, and ethyl acetate of Psidium guajava were separately prepared by cold maceration. Then, ethyl acetate crude extract of Psidium guajava leaves was fractionated by column chromatography to yield ethyl acetate bulked fractions: EF-I (1-75), EF-II (76-150), and EF-III (151-250). The n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol crude leaf extracts and ethyl acetate bulked fractions (EF-I, EF-II and EF-III) were evaluated for anti-diabetic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The blood sugar levels of treated and untreated alloxan-induced diabetic mice were assayed as indices of anti-diabetic effect. The phytochemical constituents of both crude extracts and ethyl acetate fractions of Psidium guajava leaves and the mean lethal dose (LD50) of ethyl acetate crude leaf extract of Psidium guajava were determined. The mean lethal dose (LD50) of ethyl acetate crude leaf extract was calculated to be 1500mg/kg b.w. The results indicated that oral administration of ethyl acetate, n-hexane, methanol crude extracts, and ethyl acetate bulked fractions of Psidium guajava leaves at a dose of 100mg/kg b.w on treated groups exhibited much significant[p<0.001, p<0.01and p<0.05]anti-hyperglyceamic effect by ameliorating high blood sugar levels of alloxan-induced diabetic treated mice, while EF-II and EF-III showed non-significant[p>0.05] anti-hyperglyceamic activity  for the reduction in blood sugar levels compared with the negative and positive control groups. The anti-diabetic potency of the crude leaf extracts and ethyl acetate fractions were in the order; EC>HC>MC>EF-I>EF-II>EF-III. The results of phytochemical screening of the crude extracts and ethyl acetate bulked fractions showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, and steroids while reducing sugar was absent. The results from this study gives credence to the use of Psidium guajava as an anti-diabetic agent in the management of diabetes mellitus.

Comparative Evaluation of BGR-34 and Sitagliptin in Diabetic Subjects-Open Labelled Randomised Parallel Clinical Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravinder Singh ◽  
Harbir Kaur Rao ◽  
Anil Sharma ◽  
Thakur Gurjeet Singh ◽  
Abhimanyu Parashar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Random Blood Sugar ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sugar Levels

Abstract This article is mainly concerned with the simultaneous open model clinical study of the drug named sitagliptin, a potent hyperglycaemic drug against a novel entity of the natural origin BGR- 34 in diabetic subjects. This was a 3-month randomized, parallel, comparative study. One hundred subjects were planned to be included in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups and according to the appropriate sample size analysis, both groups consisted of 100 patients, following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 90 patients (both male and female) of the mean patient age 30-65 years with the type 2 diabetes were enrolled in the phase 4 of this study and then the data were analyzed on the basis of the different test which included HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin), RBS (random blood sugar), FBS (fasting blood sugar) and PPG (postprandial glucose) values. After completion of the data calibration, the results were analyzed and as a result 10-20% decreased values of HBA1C values accompanied with the RBS, FBS and PPG values were seen in the patients undergoing a 12-week course with BGR-34. Based on the results obtained in the present study, it can be concluded that BGR-34 is effective in reducing high blood sugar levels and this reflects that the BGR-34 therapy is more effective drug in the treatment of diabetes suggesting that it is better in efficacy, and reliability with little or no adverse effects.

scholarly journals Anti-hyperglyceamic Effects of Psidium guajava LINN Crude Leaf Extracts and Fractions in Alloxan- induced Diabetic Mice.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eze Uchenna Nwabunwanne ◽  
Eze Anthonius Anayaochukwu ◽  
Ugwu Chukwuebuka Victor ◽  
Onuoha Maxwell ◽  
Ubenyi Stanley Mary
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Crude Leaf Extract ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sugar Levels

Abstract In Nigeria, rural inhabitants often resort to herbal remedies and dietary control for the treatment and management of various forms of diabetes mellitus. This study was conducted to provide the rationale for the use of Psidium guajava leaves as a potent traditional antidiabetic remedy. The crude leaf extracts of n-hexane, methanol, and ethyl acetate of Psidium guajava were separately prepared by cold maceration. Then, the ethyl acetate crude extract of Psidium guajava leaves was fractionated by column chromatography to yield ethyl acetate bulked fractions: EF-I (1-75), EF-II (76-150), and EF- III (151-250). The n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol crude leaf extracts and ethyl acetate bulked fractions (EF-I, EF-II, and EF-III) were evaluated for antidiabetic activity in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The blood sugar levels of treated and untreated alloxan-induced diabetic mice were assayed as indices of antidiabetic effect. The phytochemical constituents of both crude extracts and ethyl acetate fractions of Psidium guajava leaves and the mean lethal dose (LD50) of ethyl acetate crude leaf extract of Psidium guajava were determined. The mean lethal dose (LD50) of ethyl acetate crude leaf extract was calculated to be 1500mg/kg b.w. The results indicated that oral administration of ethyl acetate, n-hexane, methanol crude extract, and ethyl acetate bulked fractions of Psidium guajava leaves at a dose of 100mg/kg b.w on treated groups exhibited much significant[p<0.001, p<0.01and p<0.05]anti- hyperglyceamic effect by ameliorating high blood sugar levels of alloxan-induced diabetic treated mice, while EF-II and EF-III showed non-significant[p>0.05] anti-hyperglyceamic activity for the reduction in blood sugar levels compared with the negative and positive control groups. The anti- diabetic potency of the crude leaf extracts and ethyl acetate fractions were in the order; EC>HC>MC>EF-I>EF-II>EF-III. The results of phytochemical screening of the crude extracts and ethyl acetate bulked fractions showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, and steroids while reducing sugar was absent. The results from this study give credence to the use of Psidium guajava as an antidiabetic agent in the management of diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Overview of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Royal Prima Hospital Medan Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 224-228
Author(s):  
Riski N. Situmeang ◽  
Erwin Sopacua
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Blood Sugar Level ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Total Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sugar Levels

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by blood glucose (blood sugar) levels exceeding normal. Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic microvascular complication that often occurs in diabetics. This study presents a picture of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 DM patients at the Royal Prima Hospital in Medan. This research is a type of descriptive research. The sample from this study was the total data of patients suffering from diabetic nephropathy who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria at Royal Prima Hospital from January 1, 2020 – to December 31, 2020. The inclusion criteria for the subjects of this study were complete patient medical records, type 2 diabetes patients, urinalysis tests. (proteinuria ≥ +2), renal function examination exceeds normal values, blood urea, and creatinine. The mean age of diabetic nephropathy patients was 57.52 years and the majority were 62 men (50.8%). The average picture of urea levels in diabetic nephropathy patients is 51.8 and the average creatinine level is 1.48. The majority of patients with diabetic nephropathy do not have proteinuria. And the average blood sugar level is 267 mg/dL. In conclusion, the incidence of diabetic nephropathy is highest in patients aged 57 years. The mean value of urea level is 51.80 mg/dl, creatinine value is 1.48 mg/dl, and the average blood sugar level is 267 mg/dl. Most proteinuria was in the negative category of as many as 107 people (87%).

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