The role of temperature in the development of blue mould (Peronospora tabacina Adam.) disease in tobacco seedlings. II. Effect on plant growth

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
AV Hill
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Peronospora Tabacina ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tobacco Seedlings ◽  
Stem Necrosis

Healthy tobacco plants and tobacco plants inoculated with conidia of Peronospora tabacina were subjected to a wide range of temperature conditions. Two strains of the pathogen were used. Both affected plant growth, the greatest and most obvious effects being at night temperatures of 16–24°C. Growth, as measured by stem length, leaf number, and leaf size in plants inoculated with strain APT2, was limited by stem necrosis rather than by leaf necrosis. There was less stem necrosis at the higher day temperatures and fewer dead leaves at all temperature regimes, with strain APT2 than with APT1. At high day temperatures, stem necrosis tended to be restricted to the region of the external phloem, with consequently less severe effects on growth.

The role of temperature in the development of blue mould (Peronospora tabacina Adam) Disease in tobacco seedlings. III. The effect of pre-inoculation temperature and of shade on plant growth and disease development

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 759 ◽  
Author(s):  
AV Hill ◽  
S Green
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Blue Mould ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Tobacco Seedlings ◽  
Higher Temperature

The spread and effect on plant growth of blue mould disease of tobacco was measured on cv. Virginia Gold and SO1 under controlled conditions. The factors considered were the effect of three pre-inoculation temperatures on response to post-inoculation temperature and the direct effects of shade under three temperature regimes. Different pre-inoculation temperatures did not modify significantly the response to inoculation at three post-inoculation temperatures. As post-inoculation temperature increased, the amount of stem mould decreased and the sizes of both healthy and inoculated plants increased. The effects of pre-inoculation temperature on plant growth persisted to the end of the experiments. Only for the stem length of healthy plants was there a significant interaction with post-inoculation temperature, and even then the stem length increased for all post-inoculation temperatures. Under the two higher temperature regimes shaded plants were smaller than unshaded. Shaded and unshaded plants held at the same temperature were equally susceptible to blue mould.

The role of temperature in the development of blue mould (Peronospora tabacina Adam) disease in tobacco seedlings. I. In leaves

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
AV Hill ◽  
S Green
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Range ◽  
Peronospora Tabacina ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Blue Mould ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tobacco Seedlings

In tests over a wide range of temperature conditions the number of days from inoculation of plants of cv. Virginia Gold with conidia of Peronospora tabacina to appearance of blue mould symptoms in leaves varied from 4 to 12 days with conidia of strain APT1 and from 5 to 15 days with strain APT2. It was 4 to 14 days with strain APT2 on plants of cv. SO1. Initial death of leaves of cv. Virginia Gold occurred at 5–6 days after inoculation with APT1 but 3–4 days later when similar plants or cv. SO1 were inoculated with APT2. For each strain there was a strong trend toward similar leaf loss, and similar progressive development of leaf loss in treatments with the same night temperatures. For both strains, leaf losses developed most rapidly and were most severe at night temperatures of 16–24°C. The relatively slow development of APT2, except over a narrow range of temperatures, would limit its capacity for competing with APT1 and for producing epiphytotics.

scholarly journals Plant Growth Promotion Driven by a Novel Caulobacter Strain

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1162-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dexian Luo ◽  
Sarah Langendries ◽  
Sonia Garcia Mendez ◽  
Joren De Ryck ◽  
Derui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Soil microbial communities hold great potential for sustainable and ecologically compatible agriculture. Although numerous plant-beneficial bacterial strains from a wide range of taxonomic groups have been reported, very little evidence is available on the plant-beneficial role of bacteria from the genus Caulobacter. Here, the mode of action of a Caulobacter strain, designated RHG1, which had originally been identified through a microbial screen for plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacteria in maize (Zea mays), is investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana. RHG1 colonized both roots and shoots of Arabidopsis, promoted lateral root formation in the root, and increased leaf number and leaf size in the shoot. The genome of RHG1 was sequenced and was utilized to look for PGP factors. Our data revealed that the bacterial production of nitric oxide, auxins, cytokinins, or 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase as PGP factors could be excluded. However, the analysis of brassinosteroid mutants suggests that an unknown PGP mechanism is involved that impinges directly or indirectly on the pathway of this growth hormone.

scholarly journals A Simulation Model of Rosa hybrida Growth Response to Constant Irradiance and Day and Night Temperatures

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 903-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Hopper ◽  
P. Allen Hammer ◽  
James R. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Rosa Hybrida ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Growth Characteristics

This paper details the development and verification of ROSESIM, a computer simulation model of the growth of `Royalty' roses (Rosa hybrida L.) based on experimentally observed growth responses from pinch until flowering under 15 combinations of constant photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), day temperature (DT), and night temperature (NT). Selected according to a rotatable central composite design, these treatment combinations represent commercial greenhouse conditions during the winter and spring in the midwestern United States; each selected condition was maintained in an environmental growth chamber having 12-hour photoperiods. ROSESIM incorporates regression models of four flower development characteristics (days from pinch to visible bud, first color, sepal reflex, and flowering) that are full quadratic polynomials in PPF, DT, and NT. ROSESIM also incorporates mathematical models of nine plant growth characteristics (stem length and the following fresh and dry weights: stem, leaf, flower, and total) based on data recorded every 10 days and at flowering. At each design point, a cubic regression in time (days from pinch) estimated the plant growth characteristics on intermediate days; then difference equations were developed to predict the resulting daily growth increments as third-degree polynomial functions of days from pinch, PPF, DT, and NT. ROSESIM was verified by plotting against time each simulated plant growth characteristic and the associated experimental observations for the eight factorial design points defining the region of interest. Moreover, one-way analysis of variance procedures were applied to the differences between ROSESIM predictions and the corresponding observed means for all 15 treatment combinations. At 20 days from pinch, significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed for all nine plant growth characteristics. At 30 and 40 days from pinch, only flower fresh and dry weights yielded significant differences; at flowering, none of the 13 selected responses yielded significant differences. These graphical and statistical comparisons provide good evidence of ROSESIM's ability to predict the growth response of `Royalty' roses over a wide range of constant environmental conditions.

Stem infection of tobacco plants with three strains of Peronospora tabacina Adam

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Mandry
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Original Strain ◽  
Resistant Line ◽  
Peronospora Tabacina ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Stem Infection ◽  
Probable Occurrence ◽  
Cool Conditions

The pathogenicity of three strains of Peronospora tabacina Adam., APT1, APT2, and APT3, in stems of tobacco plants and their effect on the development and survival of plants were determined. (1) APT1, APT2, and APT3 are highly pathogenic in stems of cv. Virginia Gold and in two varieties of Oriental tobacco. Stems of cv. SO1 plants (resistant line) are unaffected by the original strain APTl but are severely infected by the two new strains APT2 and APT3. (2) Severe stem infection developed in injected plants at a temperature of 15–25°C and R.H. higher than 80°. Mycelium of the pathogen rapidly invaded all stem tissues. Of affected plants, 40–75% were killed and the survivors remained dwarfed with small and severely wilted leaves. Under humid and cool conditions APTl and APT3 were more destructive than APT2. (3) Mild stem infection developed at a temperature of 20–30°C and R.H. not higher than 70%. Under these conditions APT2 was more pathogenic than APTl or APT3. The mycelium of the fungus was associated mainly with the vascular system. General plant growth and leaf areas were only slightly reduced. (4) It is concluded that present methods of controlling blue mould in tobacco plants need extension. Consideration should be given to breeding for resistance to stem infection with due regard to the two new strains of P. tabacina described in this paper and the probable occurrence of further physiologic strains of this pathogen in the future.

scholarly journals Actin-Related Protein 4 Interacts with PIE1 and Regulates Gene Expression in Arabidopsis

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
Wenfeng Nie ◽  
Jinyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Single Nucleotide Change ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling Complex ◽  
Related Proteins

As essential structural components of ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complex, the nucleolus-localized actin-related proteins (ARPs) play critical roles in many biological processes. Among them, ARP4 is identified as an integral subunit of chromatin remodeling complex SWR1, which is conserved in yeast, humans and plants. It was shown that RNAi mediated knock-down of Arabidopsis thaliana ARP4 (AtARP4) could affect plant development, specifically, leading to early flowering. However, so far, little is known about how ARP4 functions in the SWR1 complex in plant. Here, we identified a loss-of-function mutant of AtARP4 with a single nucleotide change from glycine to arginine, which had significantly smaller leaf size. The results from the split luciferase complementation imaging (LCI) and yeast two hybrid (Y2H) assays confirmed its physical interaction with the scaffold and catalytic subunit of SWR1 complex, photoperiod-independent early flowering 1 (PIE1). Furthermore, mutation of AtARP4 caused altered transcription response of hundreds of genes, in which the number of up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was much larger than those down-regulated. Although most DEGs in atarp4 are related to plant defense and response to hormones such as salicylic acid, overall, it has less overlapping with other swr1 mutants and the hta9 hta11 double-mutant. In conclusion, our results reveal that AtARP4 is important for plant growth and such an effect is likely attributed to its repression on gene expression, typically at defense-related loci, thus providing some evidence for the coordination of plant growth and defense, while the regulatory patterns and mechanisms are distinctive from other SWR1 complex components.

scholarly journals Growth Promotion or Osmotic Stress Response: How SNF1-Related Protein Kinase 2 (SnRK2) Kinases Are Activated and Manage Intracellular Signaling in Plants

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1443
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Kamiyama ◽  
Sotaro Katagiri ◽  
Taishi Umezawa
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Wide Range

Reversible phosphorylation is a major mechanism for regulating protein function and controls a wide range of cellular functions including responses to external stimuli. The plant-specific SNF1-related protein kinase 2s (SnRK2s) function as central regulators of plant growth and development, as well as tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. Although the activity of SnRK2s is tightly regulated in a phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent manner, recent investigations have revealed that SnRK2s can be activated by group B Raf-like protein kinases independently of ABA. Furthermore, evidence is accumulating that SnRK2s modulate plant growth through regulation of target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling. Here, we summarize recent advances in knowledge of how SnRK2s mediate plant growth and osmotic stress signaling and discuss future challenges in this research field.

scholarly journals The Coevolution of Plants and Microbes Underpins Sustainable Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1036
Author(s):  
Dongmei Lyu ◽  
Levini A. Msimbira ◽  
Mahtab Nazari ◽  
Mohammed Antar ◽  
Antoine Pagé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Terrestrial Environments

Terrestrial plants evolution occurred in the presence of microbes, the phytomicrobiome. The rhizosphere microbial community is the most abundant and diverse subset of the phytomicrobiome and can include both beneficial and parasitic/pathogenic microbes. Prokaryotes of the phytomicrobiome have evolved relationships with plants that range from non-dependent interactions to dependent endosymbionts. The most extreme endosymbiotic examples are the chloroplasts and mitochondria, which have become organelles and integral parts of the plant, leading to some similarity in DNA sequence between plant tissues and cyanobacteria, the prokaryotic symbiont of ancestral plants. Microbes were associated with the precursors of land plants, green algae, and helped algae transition from aquatic to terrestrial environments. In the terrestrial setting the phytomicrobiome contributes to plant growth and development by (1) establishing symbiotic relationships between plant growth-promoting microbes, including rhizobacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, (2) conferring biotic stress resistance by producing antibiotic compounds, and (3) secreting microbe-to-plant signal compounds, such as phytohormones or their analogues, that regulate aspects of plant physiology, including stress resistance. As plants have evolved, they recruited microbes to assist in the adaptation to available growing environments. Microbes serve themselves by promoting plant growth, which in turn provides microbes with nutrition (root exudates, a source of reduced carbon) and a desirable habitat (the rhizosphere or within plant tissues). The outcome of this coevolution is the diverse and metabolically rich microbial community that now exists in the rhizosphere of terrestrial plants. The holobiont, the unit made up of the phytomicrobiome and the plant host, results from this wide range of coevolved relationships. We are just beginning to appreciate the many ways in which this complex and subtle coevolution acts in agricultural systems.

scholarly journals VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND NUTRIENT LEVELS OF LINGONBERRIES GROWN IN FOUR ALASKAN SUBSTRATES

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 969-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICIA S. HOLLOWAY ◽  
ROBERT M. VAN VELDHUIZEN ◽  
CECIL STUSHNOFF ◽  
DAVID K. WILDUNG
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Silt Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil

Vegetative growth of lingonberries was observed on plants growing in four unsterilized, native-Alaskan substrates: coarsely-ground Lemeta peat, Fairbanks silt loam soil, a mixture of peat and silt loam soil and washed Chena very fine sandy loam soil. Following three growing seasons, plants in the peat treatment showed the greatest increase in vegetative growth as revealed by the number of new stems produced, stem length and dry weight per plant. Leaf size did not differ among substrate treatments. The leaves on plants grown in the peat substrate remained green throughout the entire experiment. The leaves of plants in all other treatments showed varying degrees of chlorosis followed by reddening and necrosis. Differences in concentration of N, P, K, Mn, Fe, Zn and Al in whole-plant tissue samples were recorded. The results indicate lingonberries should be grown in a peat substrate for maximum growth and dry matter accumulation.

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