The initial leaching of hayed-off pasture plants in relation to the recycling of phosphorus

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
SM Bromfield ◽  
OL Jones
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Plant Sample ◽  
Microbial Conversion ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soluble Phosphorus ◽  
Drying Treatment

Hayed-off phalaris and clover plants of various nitrogen and phosphorus contents were leached under a wide range of laboratory conditions designed to simulate various first rainfalls following haying off. Of the total phosphorus in ground plant material, 60–83% was water-soluble and most of it was inorganic. Continuous leaching equivalent to 24.4 cm rain was required to leach more than 90% of the water-soluble phosphorus from certain samples of whole plant material, but leaching rates equivalent to only 1.25 cm over 96 hr were quite effective and removed up to 62%. The percentage of phosphorus leached at low intensities over periods of up to 4 days varied with the plant sample. It depended largely on the rate and extent of microbial conversion of inorganic phosphorus to water-insoluble forms. The percentage of soluble phosphorus immobilized increased as the nitrogen/phosphorus ratio of the sample increased. Some of the inorganic phosphorus rendered insoluble by microbes reverted to soluble phosphorus following a mild drying treatment, but about half of the solubilized phosphorus was organic. The results are discussed in relation to the recycling of phosphorus in pastures.

Preference of sheep among annual legumes is more closely related to plant nutritive characteristics as plants mature

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Thomas ◽  
J. T. B. Milton ◽  
C. K. Revell ◽  
M. A. Ewing ◽  
R. A. Dynes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Plant Phenology ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Annual Legumes ◽  
Relative Preference ◽  
Wide Range

We hypothesised that the preference of sheep among a wide range of annual legumes at successive stages of plant phenology would be related to laboratory measurements of the chemical composition of the forage. We tested this by examining the relative preferences of sheep among 20 genotypes of annual plants at three phenological stages of plant growth using the Chesson–Manly selection index. Plant material was collected for laboratory analyses at each phenological stage and samples were analysed for nitrogen, sulfur, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, in vitro digestibility and water soluble carbohydrates. Sheep differed in relative preference among the plant genotypes within and between each of the three phenological stages. Vegetative characteristics that were correlated with relative preference also differed with plant phenology. Measured characteristics of the plant material explained an increasing proportion of the variance in relative preference with successive phenological stages (4.8, 51.1 and 60.9% at the vegetative, reproductive and senesced stages; P < 0.001). The relative preference of the sheep depended on the overall quality of the vegetation. When the quality of the vegetation was high, relative preference did not correlate well with measured nutritive characteristics. However, when the vegetation was of low quality, sheep selected plants with characteristics associated with higher nutritive value. We conclude that sheep adopt different foraging strategies in response to changing vegetation characteristics and increase their preference for plants that increase their intake of digestible dry matter as the sward matures.

A Suggested Fractionation of Inorganic Phosphorus at Various Types of Slope Soil Under Different Restoration Modes

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 3799-3802
Author(s):  
Bin Wu ◽  
Zhen Yao Xia ◽  
Lin Lin Zhang ◽  
Shi Feng Guan ◽  
Ming Yi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Soluble Phosphorus ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hydropower Construction ◽  
Total P

This paper selected various types of slope soil under different restoration modes of Xiangjiaba hydropower construction to study the fractionation of inorganic phosphorus. The results showed that the content of inorganic phosphorus was lower.In seven different types of slop soil,the content of total inorganic phosphorus was between 254.43 mg·kg-1 and 992.98 mg·kg-1,and accounted for between 22.60% and 47.12%.The content of soil total inorganic phosphorus and the raito of Water-soluble phosphorus,Al-P to total phosphorus increased as the content of soil total P increase,but the ratio of soil O-P,Ca-P to total phosphorus decreased.The Water-soluble phosphorus and Al-P in Vegetation-growing concrete gunning were the highest,the O-P in Natural secondary forests were the highest and Ca-P in External-soil spray seeding were the highest among all the types of slope soil.

Microsponges: An Overview

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Hussain ◽  
Divya Juyal ◽  
Archana Dhyani
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Topical Delivery ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Porous Beads

Microsponge and Nanosponge delivery System was originally developed for topical delivery of drugs can also be used for controlled oral delivery of drugs using water soluble and bioerodible polymers. Microsponge delivery system (MDS) can entrap wide range of drugs and then release them onto the skin over a time by difussion mechanism to the skin. It is a unique technology for the controlled release of topical agents and consists of nano or micro porous beads loaded with active agent and also use for oral delivery of drugs using bioerodible polymers.

The content of decenoic acids in drone brood preparations and combined preparations based on it

Biomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-393
Author(s):  
D.V. Mitrofanov ◽  
N.V. Budnikova
Keyword(s):  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Drone Brood ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Melanin Complex

The drone brood contains a large number of substances with antioxidant activity. These substances require stabilization and strict adherence to storage conditions. Among these substances are unique decenoic acids, the content of which is an indicator of the quality of drone brood and products based on it. The ability of drone brood to reduce the manifestations of oxidative stress is shown. There are dietary supplements for food and drugs based on drone brood, which are used for a wide range of diseases. Together with drone brood, chitosan-containing products, propolis, royal jelly can be used. They enrich the composition with their own biologically active substances and affect the preservation of the biologically active substances of the drone brood. Promising are the products containing, in addition to the drone brood, a chitin-chitosan-melanin complex from bees, propolis, royal jelly. The chitin-chitosan-melanin complex in the amount of 5% in the composition of the adsorbent practically does not affect the preservation of decenic acids, while in the amount of 2% and 10% it somewhat worsens. The acid-soluble and water-soluble chitosan of marine crustaceans significantly worsens the preservation of decenoic acids in the product. Drone brood with royal jelly demonstrates a rather high content of decenoic acids. When propolis is introduced into the composition of the product, the content of decenoic acids increases according to the content of propolis.

Deinking sludge influences biomass, nitrogen and phosphorus status of several grass and legume species

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fierro ◽  
J. Norrie ◽  
A. Gosselin ◽  
C. J. Beauchamp
Keyword(s):  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Festuca Ovina ◽  
Melilotus Officinalis ◽  
Medicago Lupulina ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Galega Orientalis ◽  
Four Levels

In a greenhouse study, deinking sludge was evaluated as a soil amendment supplemented with four nitrogen (N) fertilization levels for the growth of the grasses Agropyron elongatum (Host.) Beauv. (tall wheatgrass), Alopecurus pratensis L. (meadow foxtail), Festuca ovina var. duriuscula (L). Koch (hard fescue), and four levels of phosphorus (P) for the growth of the legumes Galega orientalis Lam. (galega), Medicago lupulina L. (black medic), Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam (yellow sweet clover). Fertilizers were applied on the basis of sludge level to maintain uniform carbon (C)/N or C/P ratios across sludge treatments. In one experiment, sand was mixed with 0, 10, 20 or 30% sludge while, in a second experiment, mineral soil was mixed with 0, 27, 53 or 80% sludge (vol/vol). In sand mixtures of 30 and 20% sludge, grasses had similar or greater growth than in unamended mineral soil when N was added at about 6.5 and 8.4 g kg−1 deinking sludge, respectively. For all legumes but Medicago lupulina, P at about 0.8 g kg−1 sludge was required for these sand mixtures. In soil mixtures of 53 and 27% sludge, grasses grew well when supplemental N was about 5.3 and 6.9 g kg−1 sludge, respectively. Legumes required P at 0.5 and 1.2 g kg−1 sludge, respectively. In general, growth was closely related to total amount of added N or P in spite of the wide range of C/N or C/P ratios. When growing in media amended with sludge, grasses needed higher tissue N concentration for an equivalent growth than in control soil; legumes had similar tissue P concentration. The grasses Agropyron elongatum and Alopecurus pratensis as well as the legumes Melilotus officinalis and Galega orientalis are promising species for field testing, based on dry matter production. Deinking sludge can be used as soil amendment when adequate N and P supplements are provided. Key words: Soil amendment, papermill sludge, Agropyron elongatum, Alopecurus pratensis, Festuca ovina, Medicago lupulina, Galega orientalis, Melilotus officinalis

scholarly journals Two-photon polymerization nanolithography technology for fabrication of stimulus-responsive micro/nano-structures for biomedical applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1118-1136
Author(s):  
Zhenjia Huang ◽  
Gary Chi-Pong Tsui ◽  
Yu Deng ◽  
Chak-Yin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fabrication Technology ◽  
Nano Fabrication ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Nano Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stimulus Responsive ◽  
Two Photon Polymerization

AbstractMicro/nano-fabrication technology via two-photon polymerization (TPP) nanolithography is a powerful and useful manufacturing tool that is capable of generating two dimensional (2D) to three dimensional (3D) arbitrary micro/nano-structures of various materials with a high spatial resolution. This technology has received tremendous interest in cell and tissue engineering and medical microdevices because of its remarkable fabrication capability for sophisticated structures from macro- to nano-scale, which are difficult to be achieved by traditional methods with limited microarchitecture controllability. To fabricate precisely designed 3D micro/nano-structures for biomedical applications via TPP nanolithography, the use of photoinitiators (PIs) and photoresists needs to be considered comprehensively and systematically. In this review, widely used commercially available PIs are first discussed, followed by elucidating synthesis strategies of water-soluble initiators for biomedical applications. In addition to the conventional photoresists, the distinctive properties of customized stimulus-responsive photoresists are discussed. Finally, current limitations and challenges in the material and fabrication aspects and an outlook for future prospects of TPP for biomedical applications based on different biocompatible photosensitive composites are discussed comprehensively. In all, this review provides a basic understanding of TPP technology and important roles of PIs and photoresists for fabricating high-precision stimulus-responsive micro/nano-structures for a wide range of biomedical applications.

A Novel Versatile Process for the Production of Polymer Foams

1998 ◽  
Vol 550 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.P. Shastri ◽  
I. Martin ◽  
R. Langer
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Polymer Foams ◽  
Polymer Foam ◽  
Water Soluble Polymers ◽  
Soluble Polymers ◽  
Great Utility ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short Time

AbstractPorous polymeric media are used in several applications such as solid supports for separations and catalysis, as well as biomedical applications such as vascular grafts and wound dressings. We have developed a novel versatile process to produce polymeric cellular solids. This process which is based on a phase extraction-co-polymer precipitation is applicable to a wide range of polymer systems including water soluble polymers. It is capable of yielding polymer foams of high porosity (> 90%) and excellent mechanical characteristics in a very short time (less than 2 hours) without limitations in foam thickness. Polymer foam with such characteristics have great utility in tissue engineering applications. We have successfully explored polymer foams of biocompatible polymers produced by the presented approach for bone and cartilage engineering using bone marrow stromal cells.

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