The importance of environmental factors in soil fertility assessments. II.* Nutrient concentration and uptake

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Stefanson ◽  
N Collis-George
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Wide Range

Lettuce plants were grown in two soils under a wide range of controlled conditions in the glasshouse. Assessments were made of the effect of soil temperature, incident light and season, in terms of the nutrient concentration and nutrient uptake in the plant tissue, which was analysed for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and sodium. Both the concentration and the uptake of each nutrient were affected significantly by soil temperature and incident light, both between and within seasons. The type of soil had an effect on these estimations, but its significance could not be tested statistically. A considerable number of first and second order interactions between components of the physical environment affected the quantities being examined. These interactions were statistically significant. The value of each nutrient analysed, which is an aspect of plant performance, reflected changes in the physical environment independently of the other nutrients. Often a particular nutrient showed no coincident pattern of responses to the environment when these were measured in terms of dry weight, nutrient concentration in the tissue, or total nutrient uptake. Each nutrient concentration and each nutrient uptake varied as micrometeorological factors in the glasshouse changed. Hence, ambiguous assessments of soil fertility were obtained with all measured plant responses. ____________________ *Part I, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 25: 299 (1974).

scholarly journals Effect of Doses of Green Manure from Different Sources on Growth and Yield of Maize in Dryland

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Idham Idham ◽  
Salapu Pagiu ◽  
Sri Anjar Lasmini ◽  
Burhanuddin Haji Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
P Value ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference

Dryland has low soil fertility. Efforts that can be made to improve soil fertility are fertilizer technologies such as green manure compost. The aim of this study was to determine the type and dose of green manure to increase the growth, production and nutrient uptake of maize in the dryland. The research was conducted in Sidera Village Sigi Biromaru District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi from June to December 2018. The research used a factorial randomized block design. The first factor is the type of green manure consisting of three levels, namely mungbean green manure (K1), peanut green manure (K2) and Centrosema pubescens green manure (K3). The second factor is the dose of green manure which consists of three levels, namely 5 t. ha-1 (D1), 7.5 t. ha-1 (D2) and 10 t. ha-1 (D3). Thus, there are 9 treatment combinations, each treatment consisting of 3 replications so that there are 27 experimental units. Data were analyzed statistically using the F test and if significantly different it was followed by the least significant difference (LSD) Fisher’s test, P-value 0.05. These results showed that the types and dose of green manure increase the growth and yield of maize, namely leaf area, stem diameter, cob length, the weight of 100 dry shelled seeds, and production per hectare of the dry weight of corn shelled. The highest nutrient uptake and maize production were obtained in the application of C. pubescens green manure at a dose of 10 t. ha-1, namely nitrogen uptake of 7.68%, phosphorus of 0.39%, potassium of 0.09% and yield of 6.44 t. ha-1.

scholarly journals Blueberry Germplasm Screening at Several Soil pH Regimes. II. Plant Nutrient Composition

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad E. Finn ◽  
Carl J. Rosen ◽  
James J. Luby ◽  
Peter D. Ascher
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Tissue Concentrations

Seedlings from crosses among Vaccinium corymbosum L., V. angustifolium Ait, and V. corymbosum/V. angustifolium hybrid-derivative parents, and micropropagated `Northblue', `Northsky', and `Northcountry' plants, were grown for 2 years at Becker, Minn., in low (5.0) and high (6.5) soil pH regimes. Nutrient composition expressed as a concentration and total content was determined for P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and B in the aboveground portion of the plant. Except for Fe, the pH regime effects on aboveground plant nutrient concentration and total content were much larger than population or population × pH regime interaction effects. Population × pH regime interactions were detected for all nutrients expressed as a concentration, except for P. Generalizations about plant performance and nutrient concentration of the plant could only be made in the context of a given pH regime. At low pH, P and Mn tissue concentrations increased and Ca, Mg, and B concentrations decreased as the percentage of lowbush ancestry increased. At high pH, K, Cu, and B concentrations decreased as the percentage of lowbush ancestry increased. Overall plant performance on the higher pH soils appeared to be positively correlated to aboveground tissue concentrations of Mn, K, and Cu. When expressed as total content, population × pH regime effects were only significant for tissue Mn. Differences in total nutrient content attributed to soil pH were primarily related to differences in plant dry weight.

scholarly journals Relative Humidity and Nutrient Concentration Affect Nutrient Uptake and Growth of Begonia × hiemalis

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 524-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans R. Gislerød ◽  
Leiv M. Mortensen
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Flower Buds

Young plants of Begonia × hiemalis Fotsch `Schwabenland Red' were grown for 10 weeks at 60% ± 5% or 90% ± 5% relative humidity (RH) in growth rooms. Plants were watered with three nutrient solution concentrations (1, 2, and 4 mS·cm-1). Transpiration of the plants was 56% lower at the high RH level, while the concentration of the nutrient solution had less effect (10% to 20%). Plant dry weight, height, width, and leaf size were significantly higher at the higher RH. Dry weight, height, width, and leaf size of the plants were higher in the 2 mS·cm-1 than in the 1 mS·cm-1 solution when grown at high RH, but not at a lower RH. A further increase of the nutrient solution concentration either had no effect or was detrimental. The higher RH decreased the concentration of N, P, and K in leaves and stems of plants, but an increase in the concentration of the nutrient solution increased the concentration of N, P, K, and Ca in both leaves and stems. At termination of the experiment, the number of flowers and flower buds and percent of flowering plants was higher at 90% RH than at 60% RH. These values also were higher at the higher nutrient solution concentrations. Time of anthesis was not affected.

scholarly journals No neighbour-induced increase in root growth of soybean and sunflower in mesh divider experiments after controlling for nutrient concentration and soil volume

AoB Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin J W Chen ◽  
Li Huang ◽  
Heinjo J During ◽  
Xinyu Wang ◽  
Jiahe Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Ideal Free Distribution ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Root Competition ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Soil Volume ◽  
Ideal Free

Abstract Root competition is a key factor determining plant performance, community structure and ecosystem productivity. To adequately estimate the extent of root proliferation of plants in response to neighbours independently of nutrient availability, one should use a setup that can simultaneously control for both nutrient concentration and soil volume at plant individual level. With a mesh-divider design, which was suggested as a promising solution for this problem, we conducted two intraspecific root competition experiments one with soybean (Glycine max) and the other with sunflower (Helianthus annuus). We found no response of root growth or biomass allocation to intraspecific neighbours, i.e. an ‘ideal free distribution’ (IDF) norm, in soybean; and even a reduced growth as a negative response in sunflower. These responses are all inconsistent with the hypothesis that plants should produce more roots even at the expense of reduced fitness in response to neighbours, i.e. root over-proliferation. Our results suggest that neighbour-induced root over-proliferation is not a ubiquitous feature in plants. By integrating the findings with results from other soybean studies, we conclude that for some species this response could be a genotype-dependent response as a result of natural or artificial selection, or a context-dependent response so that plants can switch from root over-proliferation to IDF depending on the environment of competition. We also critically discuss whether the mesh-driver design is the ideal solution for root competition experiments.

scholarly journals Ozone damage, detoxification and the role of isoprenoids – new impetus for integrated models

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriya Tiwari ◽  
Rüdiger Grote ◽  
Galina Churkina ◽  
Tim Butler
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Damage Scenarios ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Defence Responses ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

High concentrations of ozone (O3) can have significant impacts on the health and productivity of agricultural and forest ecosystems, leading to significant economic losses. In order to estimate this impact under a wide range of environmental conditions, the mechanisms of O3 impacts on physiological and biochemical processes have been intensively investigated. This includes the impact on stomatal conductance, the formation of reactive oxygen species and their effects on enzymes and membranes, as well as several induced and constitutive defence responses. This review summarises these processes, discusses their importance for O3 damage scenarios and assesses to which degree this knowledge is currently used in ecosystem models which are applied for impact analyses. We found that even in highly sophisticated models, feedbacks affecting regulation, detoxification capacity and vulnerability are generally not considered. This implies that O3 inflicted alterations in carbon and water balances cannot be sufficiently well described to cover immediate plant responses under changing environmental conditions. Therefore, we suggest conceptual models that link the depicted feedbacks to available process-based descriptions of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and isoprenoid formation, particularly the linkage to isoprenoid models opens up new options for describing biosphere-atmosphere interactions.

Diet of European freshwater pearl mussels Margaritifera margaritifera (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionoida) in small river (Republic of Karelia, Russia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 325 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-515
Author(s):  
S.F. Komulaynen
Keyword(s):  
Algal Species ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lake Ladoga ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Margaritifera Margaritifera ◽  
Pearl Mussel ◽  
Organic Detritus ◽  
Unicellular Algae ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intestinal Contents

The freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera (Linnaeus,1758) is endangered in Europe and is now listed in the Red Data Book of many countries and regions. The diet of the species in the Syskyänjoki River (a tributary of Lake Ladoga) has been studied. The contents of the intestine generally correspond to the composition of seston, and include organic detritus, filamentous and unicellular algae, fragments of invertebrates and macrophyte tissues mixed with silt and sand. The total biomass of the intestinal contents of varied from 0.8 to 30.6 mg per organism (absolutely dry weight). Margaritifera margaritifera consumes a wide range of particles, from 0.5 μm3 (bacteria and unicellular algae) to 200 000 μm3 (fragments of invertebrates and macrophyte tissues). About 90–95% (by volume) of the intestinal contents was consisted by fine organic detritus. The food composition did not differ significantly for mollusks of different sexes and size. In the intestinal contents, 63 taxa of algae were identified. The number of algal species in the content of one intestine varied from 3 to 17, with their abundance from 250 to 9560 cells per organism. The most abundant and constant in the contents of the intestines are unicellular algae. Diatoms are the most diverse, they make up 50.8% of the total number of species.

Third generation progress in breeding white clover for resistance to root-knot nematode

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 163-166
Author(s):  
J. Van den Bosch ◽  
C.F. Mercer
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Meloidogyne Sp

Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne sp.) reduces growth and nutrition of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in New Zealand, and breeding resistant cultivars (with low galls per gram of root) is the preferred control method. Resistant and susceptible selections were bred from a wide range of white clover lines for three generations. In the third generation there were significant differences between seed lines from the selections for number of galls, root dry weight, visual growth score and galls/gram of root dry weight. Resistant selections had 43% of the susceptible selections' galls per gram, and 50% of the number of galls. Germplasm showing resistance to Meloidogyne spp. in the USA showed partial resistance to the local Meloidogyne sp. Two resistant and two susceptible genotypes were also compared for nematode egg production; resistant genotypes had a mean of 3,460 eggs/plant, compared to 25,030 for susceptible genotypes. Keywords: breeding, Meloidogyne sp., resistance, rootknot nematode, screening, selection, Trifolium repens, white clover

scholarly journals Influence of Sett Treatments on Biochemical, Weed, Physiological Parameters and Nutrient Uptake of Bajra Napier Hybrid Grass [CO (BN)5]

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (september) ◽  
Author(s):  
Varshini S V ◽  
◽  
Jayanthi C ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Phenolics Content

A field experiment was conducted at the Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, to study the influence of sett treatment on biochemical parameters, weed parameters, physiological parameters and nutrient uptake of bajra Napier hybrid grass. The results of the experiment indicated that on biochemical parameters, sett treatment with water (12 hours soaking fb 24 hours incubation) (S1) recorded higher reducing sugars (28.89 mg/g), total sugar (34.83 mg/g) and starch content (45.83 mg/g). Whereas the lower non reducing sugar content (5.94 mg/g) and total phenolics content (1.65 mg/g) were also observed with sett treatment with water (12 hours soaking fb 24 hours incubation) (S1). Similarly, on weed parameters, significantly lower weed density (9.90 No./m2) and weed dry weight (12.92 g/m2) was recorded with sett treatment with water (12 hours soaking fb 24 hours incubation) (S1). On physiological parameters, significantly higher leaf area index (28.98), relative water content (87.85 %) was registered with water (12 hours soaking fb24 hours incubation) (S1). Among sett treatments, water (12 hours soaking fb24 hours incubation) (S1) had registered higher nitrogen (192.8 kg ha-1), phosphorus (33.0 kg ha-1) and potassium (112.9 kg ha-1) uptake.

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