Prenatal growth and estimation of fetal age in the Australian feral goat

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 729 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ McDonald ◽  
PK O'Rourke ◽  
JA Connell ◽  
WA Hoey
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Column Length ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Prenatal Growth ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Feral Goat

The prenatal development of the conceptus in the Australian feral goat (Capra hircus) was studied in 47 does containing 89 fetuses of known gestational age. Quantification of the growth of the fetus allowed the development of a number of predictors of fetal age. The effect of age of fetus was highly significant for the variables body weight, crown-rump straight and curved length, vertebral column length, thorax circumference, forelimb length and hindlimb length (P < 0.01). A quadratic response curve using loge of fetal age accounts for most of the variation in the log, of each fetal measurement (R2 = 0.991 to 0.995). The prenatal growth of these fetal parameters was partitioned using the regressions. There was little difference between the relative growth of crown-rump straight and curved length, vertebral column length and the thorax circumference over the trimesters of gestation. Growth of the limbs tended to be greater in the third trimester when compared with the former parameters. As might be expected from work in other species, 79% of the growth in fetal body weight occurred in the last trimester, and this exceeded the relative growth of all other characters during this period. There was marked (P < 0.01) increase in the weight of the empty uterus up to day 95, after which no change occurred.

scholarly journals Developmental morphometry and allometry of spinal cord

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Maya S. ◽  
Sreeranjini A. R. ◽  
Leena C. ◽  
Sunilkumar N.S. ◽  
Irshad A.
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Conus Medullaris ◽  
Entire Length ◽  
Column Length ◽  
Cylindrical Structure ◽  
Vertebral Canal ◽  
Epidural Fat ◽  
Body Parameters

In mammals, the spinal cord forms a long, roughly cylindrical structure with cervical and lumbar enlargements. It is anchored in the vertebral canal, enclosed by meninges. The cord is protected by the epidural fat and terminates as the conus medullaris, which varied in level at different stages of gestation. The weight and length of the cord have a significant correlation in between them and with age, body weight, CRL, and vertebral column length and other body parameters. All cord segments did not correspond to the corresponding vertebrae. Initially, the spinal cord extended the entire length of the vertebral canal. Later it loose its correspondence with vertebral segments as gestation proceeds.

Size and density of a feral goat Capra hircus population in a protected area in the Pyrenees

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Herrero ◽  
Olatz Fernández ◽  
Carlos Prada ◽  
Alicia García-Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Feral Goat

scholarly journals Determination of Maintenance Energy Requirements for Fattening Castrated Korean Black Goats (Capra hircus coreanae)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1543
Author(s):  
Sang-Ho Moon ◽  
Yeong Sik Yun ◽  
Na Yeon Kim ◽  
Sanguk Chung ◽  
Qi Man Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Daily Gain

Twelve adult (10 months old) castrated Korean black goats, with an average initial body weight of 24.98 ± 3.7 kg, were used in this experiment to determine their maintenance energy requirements. Dry matter intakes (g/d, p = 0.945) were not affected by energy levels, but metabolic energy intake (kcal/d, p < 0.002) and average daily gain (g/d, p < 0.001) were significantly increased at higher energy levels. Nutrient digestibility was similar in the treatments, but crude fat digestibility increased with the addition of protective fat powder (p = 0.001). The energy required for fattening the castrated Korean black goats was estimated using the correlation between metabolic energy intake per dietary body weight and average daily gain per dietary body weight. The Y-axis intercept value was calculated to be 108.76 kcal/kg BW0.75 (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.6036), which was the metabolic energy requirement for maintaining the lives of the fattening Korean black goats. The estimated energy requirements of the black goat can improve specification techniques, such as the energy level and the amount of feed supply required for domestic black goats.

scholarly journals 269 Effects of high phytase supplementation in lactation diets on sow and litter performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 101-102
Author(s):  
Kelsey L Batson ◽  
Hilda I Calderon Cartagena ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Commercial Trial ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract A total of 109 sows (Line 241; DNA, Columbus, NE) were used in a study to evaluate the effect of increasing phytase concentration in lactation diets on sow and litter performance. On d 107 of gestation, sows were blocked by body weight and parity and allotted to 1 of 3 dietary treatments of increasing phytase concentration (0, 1,000, or 3,000 FYT/kg; Ronozyme HiPhos 2700; DSM Nutritional Products, Inc., Parsippany, NJ). The control diet contained no phytase and was formulated to contain 0.50% standardized total tract digestible phosphorus (STTD P; 0.45% available P) and 0.62% STTD calcium (0.90% total Ca). The same STTD P and Ca concentrations were formulated for the phytase diets considering a release of 0.132 STTD P and 0.094 STTD Ca in both diets. Diets were fed from d 107 of gestation until weaning (d 18 ± 2). Litters were cross-fostered within treatment until 48 h post-farrowing to equalize litter size. Linear and quadratic response to phytase concentration was evaluated using the lmer function in R. There was no evidence for difference in sow body weight change, farrowing performance, wean-to-estrus interval, or litter size among dietary treatments. Sow average daily feed intake from farrowing to weaning tended to increase (linear, P=0.093) as phytase increased. Although not significant (linear, P =0.226), farrowing duration decreased as phytase increased. Litter weaning weight increased (quadratic, P=0.039) and overall litter gain increased (quadratic, P=0.047) with 1,000 FYT of phytase. In summary, sow feed intake tended to increase linearly with increasing phytase; however, feeding 1,000 FYT/kg maximized overall litter gain and weaning weight. This small-scale study suggests sow and litter performance benefits due to high inclusions of dietary phytase; however, a commercial trial with more sows is warranted to confirm these results.

scholarly journals Residual feed intake and relationships with performance of Nellore cattle selected for post weaning weight

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 929-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lucila Sobrinho ◽  
R.H. Branco ◽  
S.F.M. Bonilha ◽  
A.M. Castilhos ◽  
L.A. Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Kleiber Ratio ◽  
Nellore Cattle ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of this work was to evaluate performance, efficiency parameters and phenotypic correlations among measurements of energy efficiency of Nellore cattle selected for post weaning weight and classified according to residual feed intake, calculated by the difference between observed and predicted intake, based on average metabolic body weight and average daily gain. Thus, animals were classified within three groups: high (> mean + 0.5 standard deviation, less efficient); medium (±0.5 standard deviation of the mean); and low (< mean - 0.5 standard deviation, more efficient) residual feed intake. No differences were observed at initial and final body weights, average daily gain and dry matter intake among groups. Animals with low residual feed intake also had greater feed efficiency, feed conversion and partial efficiency of growth and did not differ from the other animals regarding to relative growth rate and Kleiber ratio. Residual feed intake was significantly correlated to feed efficiency (-0.25), feed conversion (0.25), partial efficiency of growth (-0.37) and dry matter intake (0.16) but it did not present significant correlation with body weight (0.04), average daily gain (-0.02), relative growth rate (-0.03) and Kleiber ratio (-0.05). Significant correlations were found between feed conversion and initial body weight (0.34) and average daily gain (-0.46). Partial efficiency of growth presented significant correlation with all other efficiency parameters analyzed. Residual feed intake has high potential in productive efficiency, when compared to the other energy efficiency measurements, being independent of growth and size of the animals.

scholarly journals Features of body weight growth in meat breeds heifers

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Oseredchuk ◽  
N. P. Babik ◽  
V. V. Fedorovych ◽  
E. I. Fedorovych ◽  
V. R. Dutka
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tension Increase ◽  
Better Than

The data on the dynamics of body weight changes, absolute and average daily gains, frequency rate of increase in body weight, relative growth rate and intensity of body weight growth of Limousine and Volyn Meat breeds heifers. Both studied breeds characterized by different body weight at different age periods. Newborn Limousine breed heifers are weighed 2,7 kg more (P < 0.05) than Volyn Meat breed heifers; at 3 months age the difference was 8.5 kg (P < 0.05) at 6 months – 14.6 kg, at 9 month – 20.8 kg (P < 0.05), at 12 months – 25,6 kg (P < 0.05), at 15–months – 31.9 (P<0,05), and at 18 months – 23.5 kg. Total and average daily gains in animals of both breeds were the highest for a period of 3 to 6 months of age. In the period from birth to 15 months of age preference for average daily gains were in Limousine, however, the difference was statistically significant only for the period of 0 – 3 months and amounted to 63,9 g (P < 0,05). From 15 to 18 months of age Limousine slightly conceded to Volyn Meat breeds on this parameter. In animals of both breeds magnification of body weight increased with age, but over the entire period (from birth to 18 months) this parameter in Volyn Meat heifers was 0.6 times better than Limousine heifers. The coefficients of relative intensity and tension increase of body weight in animals of both breeds were highest in the period from birth to 3 months of age. With age, these indicators declined. Mainly, the advantage was in Volyn meat breed heifers, but the difference was not statistically significant.

scholarly journals LIMBAH TEPUNG BATANG KANGKUNG (Ipomea aquatica) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PAKAN IKAN NILA (Oreochromis nilotikus) DI KARAMBA

EUGENIA ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonny H. Marthen ◽  
Cyska Lumenta
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Random Design ◽  
Result Analysis

This research was carried out at spp (Sekolah Pertanian Pembangunan) Manado Kalasey. The fishwere reared in karamba (9 units) each units contained 50 fish, 14-16 weight. The experiment will be tested using completely random design using 3 deffierent treatment. One treatment is using comercial pellet and two treatmens all using pellets added with and swampcabbage stalk flour 20% and 30 %, each treatment hare 3 replicateries. Feeding frecuenci was 3 times a day and feeding rate was 5 % of their body weight the growth was observed every two weeks. The result analysis from 3 treatment show that the relative growth of treatment A was (312.67%) B was (282.79%), and C (262.41%). The was effisincy feeding foor treatment A was hare (49.43%), B was 48.78% and C was 47.26  5% Where as nutient conversion rate A was are (0%), B was 3.47% and C was (3.82%).Keywords: Swamp cabbage stalk flow (Ipomea aquatica) Nila gif, karamba

scholarly journals The Presence of the d3-Growth Hormone Receptor Polymorphism Is Negatively Associated with Fetal Growth but Positively Associated with Postnatal Growth in Healthy Subjects

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 2758-2763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikke Beck Jensen ◽  
Signe Vielwerth ◽  
Torben Larsen ◽  
Gorm Greisen ◽  
Henrik Leffers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Velocity ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Prenatal Growth ◽  
Ghr Gene

Abstract Context: A common polymorphism in the GH receptor (GHR) gene has been linked to increased growth response in GH-treated patients. No former study has focused on the association to prenatal growth. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between the d3-GHR isoforms and spontaneous pre- and postnatal growth. Design: A prospective study was conducted on third-trimester fetal growth velocity (FGV), birth weight, birth length, and postnatal growth. Setting: The study was conducted at Copenhagen University Hospital. Participants: A total of 115 healthy adolescents were divided into those born small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age with or without intrauterine growth restriction. Main Outcome Measures: FGV was measured by serial ultrasonography, birth weight, birth length, and adolescent height. Isoforms of the d3-GHR gene (fl/fl, d3/fl, and d3/d3) were determined. Results: The prevalence of the d3-GHR isoforms was 50% but differed among the groups (P = 0.006), with a high prevalence (88%) in the group born SGA with verified intrauterine growth restriction. The d3-GRH allele were associated with decreased third-trimester FGV (P = 0.05) in SGA subjects. In the entire cohort, carriers of the d3-GHR allele had a significantly increased height (−0.10 vs. 0.34 sd score; P = 0.017) and change in height from birth to adolescence compared with carriers of the full-length GHR allele (0.57 vs. −0.02 sd score; P = 0.005). Conclusions: This study showed an increased spontaneous postnatal growth velocity in the carriers of the d3-GHR allele. Interestingly, we found the opposite effect on prenatal growth in the SGA group, with a decreased FGV in carriers of the d3-GHR allele.

EFFECTS OF MATERNAL NUTRITION ON THE HUMAN FETUS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-503
Author(s):  
Richard L. Naeye ◽  
William Blanc ◽  
Cheryl Paul
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Organ Growth ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition ◽  
The Third ◽  
Body Organ

In a study of 467 gestations maternal stature had little correlation with fetal growth but mother's pregravid body weight as well as weight gain and low-calorie diets during pregnancy did have such a correlation. Maternal undernutrition before the third trimester had little or no influence on fetal body, organ, and cellular growth while such effects were pronounced in late gestation. Fetal body and organ growth improved with successive pregnancies except in the most poorly nourished mothers, whose successive neonates became more growth retarded.

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