Temporal changes in growth enhancement by ractopamine in pigs: performance aspects

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Sainz ◽  
YS Kim ◽  
FR Dunshea ◽  
RG Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Large White ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
Over Time

Ractopamine is a phenethanolamine with G-adrenergic agonist activity which stimulates growth in pigs. In order to test whether the growth-enhancing properties of ractopamine change over time, 40 Large White crossbred gilts (47.0 kg liveweight) were assigned to five treatment groups: CON, control diet for 6 weeks; RAC, ractopamine(20 mg/kg feed) for 6 weeks; C/R, CON for 3 weeks, then RAC for 3 weeks; R/C, RAC for 3 weeks, then CON for 3 weeks; ALT, CON for weeks 1, 3, and 5, and RAC in weeks 2, 4 and 6. The control diet was a commercial wheat and soy-based grower ration (13 MJ DE/kg, 16% crude protein, 0.9% lysine, 0.6 g available lysine/MJ DE); all pigs were fed 2.25 kg/day. Weekly measurements included body weight and P2 backfat (by ultrasound). Due to uncertainty about the data from the final week, results for weeks 1 to 3 and 3 to 5 are presented. Average daily gain (ADG) was increased by RAC (+16%) during the first 3 weeks, with no further improvement thereafter. C/R produced higher ADG (+21%) during weeks 3 to 5 compared with controls, and ALT tended to do the same (+12%, P < 0.10). Over the 5 week period, total weight gain was increased (P > 0.05) by RAC (+18%) and ALT (+15%), and tended to increase with C/R (+12%, P < 0.10) with no significant effect of R/C (+l0%, P > 0.05). There were no differences among groups in P2 backfat during the feeding period ( P > 0.05). With the exception of dressing percentage, which was increased by RAC, C/R and ALT ( P < 0.05), carcass and meat quality characteristics (carcass weight, P2 backfat, loin eye area, pH, colour, drip loss and protein solubilities) were unaffected by any of the treatments (P > 0.05). In conclusion, ractopamine stimulated growth in finishing pigs on restricted intakes; this effect diminished over time, and was more pronounced in older and heavier pigs. In addition, meat quality characteristics were unaffected.

scholarly journals Effect of testosterone enanthate on the growth rate of large white pigs reared in South-West Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
A. O. Ladokun
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Testosterone Enanthate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Total Weight Gain

A total of 48 large white pigs were used in an experiment to investigate the use of exogenous testosterone on the growth of pigs. The pigs were randomly selected as day old piglets, balanced for weight with equal number for each sex, and allotted to two treatment groups, T1, which received Testosterone Enanthate (TE), intramuscularly, weekly, for 24 weeks and T2, the control, which received no hormone but blank injections. Dosage was based on live weight (1.2mg/kg live weight). Corn oil served as the vehicle. The parameters measured include Total weight gain (TWG), Average Daily Gain (ADG), Average Daily Feed Intake (ADFI) and Feed Conversion Ratio. The results obtained showed that exogenous testosterone increased weight gain significantly (p<0.05) in both sexes than their respective controls. The same trend was observed for feed intake and feed conversion. Exogenous testosterone also indicated pronounced sex effect on the pigs in this study with males having significantly (p<0.05) higher values than females. It can be concluded from this study that exogenous testosterone can be used to accelerate growth thereby finishing the pigs early. A withdrawal period of 4 weeks before slaughter is however recommended.

In vitro characterisation of two Lactobacillus strains and evaluation of their suitability as probiotics for growing-finishing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1537
Author(s):  
D. Y. Zhang ◽  
H. F. Ji ◽  
S. X. Wang ◽  
H. Liu ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White

In this study, we evaluated the probiotic properties of two strains Lactobacillus reuteri ZLR003 and Lactobacillus salivarius ZLS006. The two strains displayed tolerance of acid and heat, and demonstrated antimicrobial ability in vitro. Furthermore, their potential functions in vivo were also tested. A total of 120 crossbred (Landrace × Large White) growing pigs were divided into three groups: a control diet, the same diet supplemented with L. reuteri ZLR003 (2.0 × 109 cfu/kg of diet) or L. salivarius ZLS006 (3.50 × 109 cfu/kg of diet). The results showed that the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly improved in L. reuteri ZLR003- (1–5 weeks and 1–9 weeks) (P &lt; 0.05) and L. salivarius ZLS006-treated pigs (1–5 weeks, 6–9 weeks and 1–9 weeks) (P &lt; 0.05) compared with the control group. Dietary supplementation with L. salivarius ZLS006 increased the apparent digestibility of nitrogen at Week 9 (P &lt; 0.05). The faecal Lactobacillus populations increased at the end of experiment, and the Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in faeces decreased in the two Lactobacillus treatments compared with the control at Week 5 (P &lt; 0.05) and Week 9 (P &lt; 0.05), respectively. Furthermore, the total cholesterol, alanine transferase, aspartate transferase, blood urea nitrogen and haptoglobin levels in serum were significantly decreased following L. reuteri ZLR003 and L. salivarius ZLS006 treatments (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, these data suggest that the two Lactobacillus strains may be promising candidates for probiotic products in growing-finishing pigs.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Inulin Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Meat Quality in Growing–Finishing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weikang Wang ◽  
Daiwen Chen ◽  
Bing Yu ◽  
Zhiqing Huang ◽  
Yuheng Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Inulin is one of the commercially feasible dietary fibers that has been implicated in regulating the gut health and metabolism of animals. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary inulin supplementation on growth performance and meat quality in growing–finishing pigs. Thirty-six Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire White growing barrows (22.0 ± 1.0 kg) were randomly allocated to two dietary treatments consisting of a basal control diet (CON) or basal diet supplemented with 0.5% inulin (INU). Results showed that inulin supplementation tended to increase the average daily gain (ADG) at the fattening stage (0.05 < p < 0.10). Inulin significantly increased the dressing percentage (p < 0.05) and tended to increase the loin-eye area. The serum concentrations of insulin and IGF-I were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the INU group than in the CON group. Moreover, inulin supplementation significantly elevated the expression level of myosin heavy chain II b (MyHC IIb) in the longissimus dorsi (p < 0.05). Inulin significantly upregulated the expression of mammalian rapamycin target protein (mTOR) but decreased (p < 0.05) the expression level of muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase MuRF-1. These results show the beneficial effect of inulin supplementation on the growth performance and carcass traits in growing–finishing pigs, and will also facilitate the application of inulin in swine production.

scholarly journals Fermented Feed Modulates Meat Quality and Promotes the Growth of Longissimus Thoracis of Late-Finishing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1682
Author(s):  
Yueqin Qiu ◽  
Kebiao Li ◽  
Xichen Zhao ◽  
Shilong Liu ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
White Male ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Large White ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
Fermented Feed

This study investigated the effect of fermented diet on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and growth of longissimus thoracis (LT) of finishing pigs. A total of 48 finishing pigs [Duroc × (Landrace × Large White), male, 126 ± 5-d-old] weighing 98.76 ± 1.27 kg were randomly assigned to two treatments (eight pens per treatment and three pigs per pen) for a 28-d feeding trial, including control diet and fermented diet. Fermented diet significantly increased the loin eye area and lean mass percentage, decreased backfat thickness and improved meat quality of LT by decreasing the shear force and drip loss at 48 h post slaughter and improving meat sensory characteristics compared with control diet. A fermented diet also significantly increased the abundance of insulin, insulin receptor (IR), myoblast determination protein (MyoD) and myosin heavy chain-I (MyHC-I) transcripts, and the phosphorylation levels of AKT, mTORC1, 4EBP1 and S6K1 in LT, while decreasing the expression of muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx) and forkhead Box O1 (Foxo1) mRNA transcripts. Moreover, proteomic analysis revealed that differentially expressed proteins predominantly involved in protein synthesis and muscle development were modulated by fermented diet. Our results indicated that a fermented diet improved meat quality and enhanced LT growth of finishing pigs by increasing insulin/AKT/mTORC1 protein synthesis cascade and activating the Foxo1/MAFbx pathway, along with the regulation of ribosomal protein and proteins involved in muscle contraction and muscle hypertrophy.

A time-series effect of phytase supplementation on phosphorus utilization in growing and finishing pigs fed a low-phosphorus diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufemi Oluwaseun Babatunde ◽  
Olayiwola Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Two experiments were carried out to determine a time-series effect of phytase on phosphorus (P) utilization in growing and finishing pigs using growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, P excretion, and plasma concentrations of minerals as the response criteria for evaluation. In both experiments, treatments were arranged as a 3 × 4 factorial in a randomized complete block design with 3 corn–soybean meal-based diets including a P-adequate positive control (PC), a low-P negative control (NC; no inorganic P), and NC supplemented with phytase at 1,000 FYT/kg (NC + 1,000); and 4 sampling time points at days 7, 14, 21, and 28 in experiment 1, and days 14, 26, 42, and 55 in experiment 2. In both trials, 96 growing pigs with average body weight (BW) of 19.8 ± 1.16 and 49.8 ± 3.21 kg, respectively, were allocated to the 3 diets with 8 replicates pens (4 barrows and 4 gilts) and 4 pigs per pen. In experiment 1, pigs fed the PC had higher (P &lt; 0.01) BW, average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) when compared with pigs fed the NC. There was an interaction (P &lt; 0.01) between time and diet on the BW and ADG of pigs while a linear and quadratic increase (P &lt; 0.01) was observed with the ADFI and G:F, respectively, over time. Phytase supplementation improved (P &lt; 0.01) all growth performance responses. Pigs fed the PC had greater (P &lt; 0.01) ATTD of P and Ca than pigs fed the NC. There was no interaction effect on the ATTD of nutrients. Phytase addition improved the ATTD of P and Ca over pigs fed the NC. There was an interaction (P &lt; 0.01) between diet and time on the total and water-soluble P (WSP) excreted. There was a quadratic decrease (P &lt; 0.01) in plasma concentration of Ca in pigs over time. In experiment 2, there was a quadratic increase (P &lt; 0.01) in BW, ADG, and G:F of pigs over time. Similarly, the inclusion of phytase improved (P &lt; 0.05) all growth performance parameters except ADFI. A linear increase (P &lt; 0.05) in the ATTD of DM, P, and Ca occurred over time. Phytase inclusion improved (P &lt; 0.01) the ATTD of P and Ca. Plasma concentrations of P were improved by phytase addition. Phytase supplementation of the NC reduced WSP excretion by 45%, 32%, and 35% over the growing, finishing, and entire grow-finish period, respectively. In conclusion, phytase improves the utilization of P in growing and finishing pigs; however, the magnitude of effect on responses may vary over time.

The effect of genotype and castration method on the eating quality characteristics of pork from male pigs

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. D’Souza ◽  
B. P. Mullan
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Taste Panel ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Large White ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Genotype A

AbstractSixty crossbred (Large White × Landrace × Duroc) pigs were used to compare the growth performance, carcass and pork quality characteristics of entire, surgically castrated and immunologically castrated male pigs from two Western Australian commercial genotypes (genotype A : ‘lean’ genotype and genotype B : propensity for increased subcutaneous fat deposition). Pigs from genotype B had a higher average daily gain and a superior food conversion ratio compared with pigs from genotype A. Entire males had lower backfat compared with surgically and immunologically castrated male pigs. Pork from entire males was drier, tougher and had lower overall acceptability scores compared with surgically or immunologically castrated male pigs. Pork from genotype A pigs had a lower m. longissimus thoracis (LT) ultimate pH and higher drip loss compared with pork from genotype B pigs. However, consumer taste panel assessment indicated that pork from genotype A pigs was more tender, had higher juiciness and overall acceptability scores compared with pork from genotype B pigs. Within genotype A, the consumer taste panel preferred pork from surgically castrated pigs compared with either entire or immunologically castrated pigs. Within genotype B, the consumer taste panel preferred pork from immunologically castrated pigs compared with either entire or surgically castrated male pigs. These results indicate that interactions between genotype and castration method can significantly influence eating quality of pork.

Effects of dietary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio on growth performance, apparent digestibility, blood lipid profiles, fecal microbiota, and meat quality in finishing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-281
Author(s):  
Hao Yang Sun ◽  
Hyeok Min Yun ◽  
In Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Finishing Pigs

The effects of dietary omega-6 (n-6) to omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios on growth performance, digestibility, blood lipid profiles, fecal microbial counts, and meat quality in finishing pigs were examined by using linseed and fish oil. A total of 140 crossbred finishing pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] were used in a 10 wk trial. Pigs were blocked based on body weight (BW) and sex and randomly allotted to four dietary treatments formulated to have n-6/n-3 ratios of 5/1, 10/1, 15/1, and 17/1 (control). Throughout the experiment, BW, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake were significantly (P < 0.05) increased with a decreased ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA. Energy digestibility and fecal Lactobacillus count showed a linear (P < 0.05) increase in week 10. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood triglyceride concentrations increased (P < 0.1) during week 10. However, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was reduced (P < 0.05) linearly during week 5 and week 10 with a reduction in dietary n-6/n-3 ratio. This study provides a basis for future research on altering n-6/n-3 ratio by using linseed oil and refined fish oil in finishing pigs.

scholarly journals Growth Performance and Carcass Traits Responses to Dried Distillers’ Grain with Solubles Feeding of Growing Awassi Ram Lambs

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safa’ M. Hatamleh ◽  
Belal S. Obeidat
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Distillers Grain ◽  
Dried Distillers Grain ◽  
The Impact

This study considers the impact of dried distillers’ grain with solubles (DDGS) in diets of lambs. Randomly; 27 lambs were distributed to one of three diets. Diets were: a control diet (CON; n = 9), a 125 (DDGS125; n = 9) or a 250 g/kg DDGS (DDGS250; n = 9) of dietary dry matter (DM). The lambs were fed using these diets for 91 days. To assess carcass traits; five lambs were randomly selected at the end of the study. No significant differences were detected in intake and digestibility of DM; crude protein and fiber. Average daily gain did not differ among diets. Carcass characteristics did not differ among diets. With the exception of shear force and redness, which were greater in DDGS250 than in DDGS125 and CON diets, meat quality parameters were unaffected. Eye muscle area decreased in DDGS125 than in DDGS250 and CON diet. These results demonstrate that the feeding of lambs on DDGS at 125 or 250 g/kg DM did not have any impact on growth. These diets only had a simple effect on the characteristics of carcass and meat quality. These results suggest that it would be suitable to introduce these feeds into sheep nutrition in the future.

Meat production from pigs which have farrowed. 2. Carcass characteristics

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Brooks ◽  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
W. J. N. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Large White ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

SUMMARYThe carcass characteristics of young adult female pigs (gilts) slaughtered after weaning their first litters have been investigated using three groups of 19 Landrace × (Landrace×Large White) gilts. In two treatment groups gilts were mated at their pubertal oestrus and suckled their piglets for 5 to 11 and 35 to 42 days respectively. These gilts were slaughtered on average 10 days after weaning. A third control group consisted of unmated gilts slaughtered at 118 kg live weight.There was no significant difference in the killing-out percentage for the three groups. The carcasses of the gilts which farrowed contained significantly less fat (P<0·001) than those of the unmated controls. The carcasses of the farrowed gilts had significantly lighter middle sections (P<0·001) and significantly heavier shoulders (P<0·001) than the controls.Despite the variations in tissue yield and distribution, the yield of prime joints for the gilts which had farrowed was only 0·62 percentage units less than that of the controls.No commercially significant variations between groups in meat quality were observed.

Stray voltage: its influence on swine production during the fattening period

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Robert ◽  
J. J. Matte ◽  
J. Bertin-Mahieux ◽  
G.-P. Martineau
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Eating Frequency ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Fattening Period ◽  
Ulcerative Lesions ◽  
Stray Voltage

The effects of continuous stray voltage were evaluated on growing-finishing pigs between the ages of 10 and 12 wk. Seventy-two pigs were assigned to six blocks of 12 animals each. The following treatments were randomly distributed in each block according to a 2 × 3 factorial design: feeding level (A) (restricted or ad libitum) and voltage level (0, 5 or 8 volts) as a continuous difference of potential between feeder or drinker and the metallic floor). The total drinking time (P < 0.10) and the number of drinking bouts (P < 0.05) were lower in the 8-V group than in the 0-V group for restricted-fed pigs during the hour after feed distribution. The percentage of observation time spent drinking during light hours was reduced in the 5-V and 8-V groups at 18 (P < 0.01) and 20 wk (P < 0.05). However, it was only between 14 and 16 wk of age that water intake was lower in the voltage groups (P < 0.05). There was no effect of voltage on mean daily feed intake and average daily gain over the whole fattening period (P > 0.3). Nonetheless, the mean eating frequency during light hours from 10 to 20 wk of age was higher in the 8-V than in the 0-V and 5-V groups of restricted-fed pigs, while it was similar in the three groups fed ad libitum (A × V lin; P < 0.05). Stray voltage at 8 V increased sitting time and decreased resting time in restricted-fed groups during light hours (A × V lin; P < 0.05) but the occurrence of aggressive encounters was very low in the three treatment groups throughout the study. Finally, the metabolic profile, the frequency and the severity of gastric ulcerative lesions and the meat color were similar among the treatments (P > 0.10). Key words: Stray voltage, growing-finishing pigs, behavior, growth performance, health

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