Preharvest sprouting tolerance in three triticale biotypes

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Trethowan ◽  
WH Pfeiffer ◽  
RJ Pena ◽  
OS Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Chemical Inhibition ◽  
Selection Of

Preharvest sprouting is a major constraint to the utilization of triticale for human consumption in regions where moist, humid conditions prevail during harvest. To examine variation for different components of preharvest sprouting tolerance (PST), trials were conducted over six environments in Mexico. Seed dormancy, bract related chemical and mechanical inhibitory effects and falling number (FN) were measured in primary and secondary triticales and their wheat and rye progenitors. Seed dormancy contributed 78% to PST with significant variation among and within triticale biotypes and progenitor species for bract water soluble inhibitors, bract mechanical barriers and FN. Bract chemical inhibition was higher when soil moisture was non-limiting in moisture-stress/non-stress experiments, suggesting the presence of inhibitors other than abscisic acid. In combination, tolerance components enhanced PST. Substituted triticales [2D(2R)] showed higher seed dormancy and bract related tolerances compared with other triticale biotypes and displayed PST equivalent to wheat. The higher PST in wheat could be attributed to higher FN levels. Components of PST evident in the wheat and rye progenitors were suppressed by wheat/rye genomic interactions in primary triticales. The selection of triticales with high stable FN will be an important first step in the development of PST cultivars, by providing the building block upon which seed dormancy and other related factors can be introduced.

Evaluation and selection of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for preharvest sprouting tolerance

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Trethowan
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting ◽  
First Year ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Visual Measurements ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Rain Simulator

This paper examines the success of selection for preharvest sprouting tolerance in white-grained bread wheat using a standard wetting treatment, germination of hand-threshed seed and falling number measurements. The rain simulator was usefull in shifting the population mean of field grown material towards higher levels of tolerance in successive years; however, large genotype x year interactions in material sown under rain protection did not allow accurate assessment of individual genotypes. The most accurate assessments were achieved using falling number measurements (h2 = 80.7%) and hand-threshed seed germinations (h2 = 38.4%), where no genotype x year interactions were recorded. Seed dormancy (determined from hand threshed grain) correlated significantly with change in falling number following 3 days' treatment in the rain simulator ( r = -0-56**). Visual measurements scored in the rain simulator, however, did not correlate significantly with seed dormancy in the first year (r = 0.20) but correlated strongly in the second (r = 0.73***). In comparisons of the same test between years, falling number (without rain treatment) and seed dormancy were significantly correlated (r = 0.68* and 0.90***, respectively), whilst visual scores of sprouting showed no association (r = -0.03).

Solid Dispersions: A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumant Saini ◽  
Yashwant .
Keyword(s):  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Absolute Minimum ◽  
Technology Transfers ◽  
Molecular Arrangement ◽  
Water Soluble Drugs ◽  
Carrier Solvent ◽  
Preparation Techniques ◽  
Selection Of

Solid dispersions are one of the most promising strategies to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs. By reducing drug particle size to the absolute minimum, and hence improving drug wettability, bioavailability may be significantly improved. This article reviews the various preparation techniques for solid dispersion and compiles some of the recent technology transfers. The different types of solid dispersions based on the molecular arrangement have been highlighted. Some of the practical aspects to be considered for the preparation of solid dispersions, such as selection of carrier, solvent and methods of physicochemical characterization, along with an insight into the molecular arrangement of drugs in solid dispersions are also discussed. In this review, it is intended to discuss the recent advances related on the area of solid dispersions.

scholarly journals Rats selectively bred for differences in aerobic capacity have similar hypertensive responses to chronic intermittent hypoxia

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (3) ◽  
pp. H403-H409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda L. Sharpe ◽  
Mary Ann Andrade ◽  
Myrna Herrera-Rosales ◽  
Steven L. Britton ◽  
Lauren G. Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Neurogenic Hypertension ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Capacity ◽  
Chemical Inhibition ◽  
Ganglionic Transmission ◽  
Selection Of

Exposure to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is an animal model that mimics the repetitive bouts of hypoxemia experienced by humans with sleep apnea. Rats exposed to CIH develop hypertension that depends on the activation of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). Since obesity and metabolic syndrome have been linked to neurogenic hypertension and sleep apnea, and because sleep apnea can adversely affect aerobic exercise capacity, we tested the hypothesis that rats bred for selection of low aerobic capacity running (LCR) would have a greater hypertensive response to CIH than rats bred for high aerobic capacity running (HCR). Blockade of ganglionic transmission was performed to compare the contribution of SNA to the maintenance of resting mean arterial pressure (MAP). Next, hypertensive responses to 7 days of CIH were compared across LCR and HCR rats (14–16 mo old). Finally, the contribution of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to the maintenance of SNA and hypertension after CIH was determined and compared across groups. Although LCR rats were less active and had greater body weights than HCR rats, resting MAP, the contribution of ongoing SNA to the maintenance of MAP, and hypertensive responses to CIH were similar between groups. Contrary to our hypothesis, chemical inhibition of the PVN with muscimol (1 mmol/100 nl) caused a larger fall of MAP in HCR rats than in LCR rats. We conclude that LCR rats do not have resting hypertension or an exaggerated hypertensive response to CIH. Interestingly, the maintenance of CIH hypertension in LCR rats compared with HCR rats appears less reliant on ongoing PVN neuronal activity.

Formulation and Evaluation of Benidipine Nanosuspension

2021 ◽  
pp. 4111-4116
Author(s):  
Sejal Patel ◽  
Anita P. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
23 Factorial Design ◽  
Selection Of

In the interest of administration of dosage form oral route is most desirable and preferred method. After oral administration to get maximum therapeutic effect, major challenge is their water solubility. Water insoluble drug indicate insufficient bioavailability as well dissolution resulting in fluctuating plasma level. Benidipine (BND) is poorly water soluble antihypertensive drug has lower bioavailability. To improve bioavailability of Benidipine HCL, BND nanosuspension was formulated using media milling technique. HPMC E5 was used to stabilize nanosuspension. The effect of different important process parameters e.g. selection of polymer concentration X1(1.25 mg), stirring time X2 (800 rpm), selection of zirconium beads size X3 (0.4mm) were investigated by 23 factorial design to accomplish desired particle size and saturation solubility. The optimized batch had 408 nm particle size Y1, and showed in-vitro dissolution Y2 95±0.26 % in 30 mins and Zeta potential was -19.6. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FT-IR analysis was done to confirm there was no interaction between drug and polymer.

scholarly journals Solid-state studies and antioxidant properties of the γ-cyclodextrin·fisetin inclusion compound

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 2138-2145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana M Pais ◽  
Maria João Barroca ◽  
Maria Paula M Marques ◽  
Filipe A Almeida Paz ◽  
Susana S Braga
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Compound ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Solid Inclusion ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Cp Mas Nmr

Fisetin is a natural antioxidant with a wide range of nutraceutical properties, including antidiabetic, neuroprotecting, and suppression or prevention of tumors. The present work describes the preparation of a water-soluble, solid inclusion compound of fisetin with gamma-cyclodextrin (γ-CD), a cyclic oligosaccharide approved for human consumption. A detailed physicochemical analysis of the product is carried out using elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Raman, infrared and 13C{1H} CP-MAS NMR spectroscopies, and thermal analysis (TGA) to verify fisetin inclusion and to present a hypothetical structural arrangement for the host–guest units. The antioxidant activity of the γ-CD·fisetin inclusion compound is evaluated by the DPPH assay.

Disparate effects of two phosphatidylcholine binding proteins, C-reactive protein and surfactant protein A, on pulmonary surfactant structure and function

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (6) ◽  
pp. L1145-L1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushik Nag ◽  
Karina Rodriguez-Capote ◽  
Amiya Kumar Panda ◽  
Laura Frederick ◽  
Stephen A. Hearn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Surfactant Protein ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Surfactant Protein A ◽  
Surface Films ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein

C-reactive protein (CRP) and surfactant protein A (SP-A) are phosphatidylcholine (PC) binding proteins that function in the innate host defense system. We examined the effects of CRP and SP-A on the surface activity of bovine lipid extract surfactant (BLES), a clinically applied modified natural surfactant. CRP inhibited BLES adsorption to form a surface-active film and the film's ability to lower surface tension (γ) to low values near 0 mN/m during surface area reduction. The inhibitory effects of CRP were reversed by phosphorylcholine, a water-soluble CRP ligand. SP-A enhanced BLES adsorption and its ability to lower γ to low values. Small amounts of SP-A blocked the inhibitory effects of CRP. Electron microscopy showed CRP has little effect on the lipid structure of BLES. SP-A altered BLES multilamellar vesicular structure by generating large, loose bilayer structures that were separated by a fuzzy amorphous material, likely SP-A. These studies indicate that although SP-A and CRP both bind PC, there is a difference in the manner in which they interact with surface films.

scholarly journals Interactions of the barley SD1 and SD2 seed dormancy loci influence preharvest sprouting, seed dormancy, and malting quality

Crop Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Sweeney ◽  
Travis E. Rooney ◽  
Jason G. Walling ◽  
Mark E. Sorrells
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting ◽  
Malting Quality

scholarly journals Study of Investors’ Preference for the Selection of an Insurance Product

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradnya Gugale ◽  
Vedashree Mali
Keyword(s):  
Life Insurance ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Insurance Policy ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Study Zone ◽  
Selection Of

Human Being’s life is the most significant asset and life-insurance is the most significant sort of insurance which gives financial protection to theindividualhimself/herself and to his family at the hour of dubious dangers or harm. Life insurance gives both safety and protection to people and furthermore encourages investment funds among individuals. The present exploratory based investigation was chosen with a target to analyze those factors which impact client’s strategy purchasing choice and furthermore examine the inclinations of clients while making decision about insurance policy investment. Different insurance-related factors have been examined in the paper. Also, the said study has been conducted to know the satisfaction level of the clients and also to know the benefit they have been receiving from the company (if any). The information for the research has been gathered from primary data. The study zone is restricted to Maharashtra state and the test sample is 30 investors. The hypotheses have been based on the basis of demographic and the factors related to the insurance-based preference.factors and tested the same with the help of statistical tool T-test. The analyzed data had been produced in the form of a tables and graphs/charts. Insurance agencies should spread more awareness about life insurance, a decrease in the premium amount, and giving more attention to need-based innovative products are a portion of the recommendations which I would suggest. The paper closes with the segment that factors of the individuals play a significant and essential role in choosing the purchase of insurance policies.

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