scholarly journals An Association Between Serum Amylase Phenotype and Tick Infestation in Cattle

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Ashton ◽  
GW Seifert ◽  
J Francis
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Serum Amylase ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Tick Burden

Twenty-five popUlations of cattle totalling 741 animals were analysed for serum amylase type. The number of ticks (Boophilus microplus) carried by these animals had been determined on various occasions prior to blood sampling. Tick burden was regressed on phenotype within populations and it was found that animals with the Am G phenotype carried significantly more ticks than other phenotypes.

A comparison of cattle tick control by "conventional" acaricidal treatment, planned dipping, and pasture spelling

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 841 ◽  
Author(s):  
KLS Harley ◽  
PR Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Tropical Area ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tick Burden ◽  
Cattle Tick Control

Three comparable herds of cattle were grazed in a wet tropical area of north Queensland for the comparison of control measures against the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus. The cattle tick infestation of one herd was controlled by simulated "conventional" methods, the cattle receiving acaricidal treatment when the count of "standard" ticks (0.5 cm or more in length) on the right side averaged 20 or more per animal. The tick infestation of the second herd was controlled by dipping in acaricide at 21-day intervals, so that few of the tick larvae attaching to the cattle between dippings reached maturity. This was continued until the larval population in the pasture was greatly depleted. The procedure, for which the term planned dipping has been proposed, was repeated when the count of standard ticks on the right side averaged more than 20 per animal. The tick infestation of the third herd was controlled by grazing alternately in two adjacent paddocks, the interval between each transfer being sufficient to ensure that most of the ticks in the unstocked paddock had died. Acaricidal treatment was applied at times of paddock changes and also at other times if the tick count was more than 20 per animal. This procedure is known as pasture spelling. Over the 2 years of the experiment, planned dipping and pasture spelling resulted in increased efficiency in tick control. In comparison with the herd given conventional tick control, planned dipping resulted in no reduction in the number of acaricidal treatments, but the tick burden was reduced by 79%. Pasture spelling resulted in the number of acaricidal treatments being reduced by 60% and the tick burden by 64%.

Selection of cattle for tick resistance, and the effect of herds of different susceptibility on Boophilus populations

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 974 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Cattle Ticks ◽  
In Parenthesis ◽  
Tick Counts ◽  
Tick Resistance ◽  
Selection Of

Weekly counts of Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) on 30 Australian Illawarra Shorthorn heifers enabled the cattle to be ranked in order of tick infestation, with highly significant correlations between counts of two observers and between counts of one observer on different occasions. In May 1960, when the heifers were 1½–2 years old, 12 were selected as relatively tick-resistant and 12 as relatively tick-susceptible. Each of these groups was divided at random into herds of six, and the four herds were then allotted randomly to separate paddocks, each onequarter of the area previously grazed. A herd was sprayed with 0.5% DDT emulsion when its average count of ticks (adult females over 5 mm in length) on one side of the animals exceeded 40. During the ensuing tick season, from October 5, 1960, to June 7, 1961, the sums of average weekly tick counts, and the numbers of sprayings (in parenthesis) were: susceptible herds 4853 (5) and 5962 (6): resistant herds 718 (0) and 1073 (1). Counts of tick larvae on defined body areas showed that, in the summer after segregation, resistant herds carried fewer larvae than the susceptible herds, apparently because fewer mature ticks fell from the resistant cattle in the preceding spring and winter. As a consequence of this, counts of adult ticks were comparatively lower after than before segregation. There was little or no 'spring rise' of tick infestation on the resistant herds. There was no significant correlation between tick resistance and coat score, sweat gland dimensions, or total skin thickness, but a correlation of -0.53 with follicle depth was significant at the 1% level. There was no evidence of adaptation of cattle ticks to the resistant animals, either in the field experiment or in observations on stalled cattle. The experiment draws attention to the appreciable proportion of tick-resistant animals within the Australian Illawarra Shorthorn breed, which has largely been overlooked in past discussions on tick-resistant breeds of cattle. It also suggests a technique for estimating the improvement in tick control that may be obtained by a given degree of selection within any breed, for any given environment.

Risk factors associated prevalence of hard tick in large ruminants of coastal areas of South Gujarat, India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharmesh C. Patel ◽  
Jayesh B. Solanki ◽  
Niranjan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Hard Tick ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Group Feeding ◽  
Large Animals

A total of 2617 large animals (1682 cattle and 935 buffaloes) of coastal districts (Bharuch, Surat, Navsari and Valsad) of South Gujarat were screened for tick infestation. The tick’s prevalence rate was (p less than 0.05) significantly higher in cross-breed (44.81%) as compared to indigenous cattle (22.93%)/ buffaloes (32.26%). Prevalence of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Hyalomma spp., Haemaphysalis spp. and mixed tick infestation was 57.80, 13.05, 20.32 and 8.83%, respectively. Infestation rate in large animals of less than 3 years had increased up to the level of 78.28%. Animals with poor body condition/ anaemia, kept in loose house (80.53%) and allowed group feeding (70.56%) had noted higher (p less than 0.05) prevalence rate of tick. Prevalence was highest in summer (41.84%) followed by rainy (40.65%) and winter (17.50%) season. It is quite demanding to know the area-wise prevalence of the hard ticks infecting animals.

The spelling of pasture in cattle tick control

1957 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Field Trial ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Cattle Tick Control

When two comparable herds of cattle were kept continuously in adjoining paddocks, frequent acaricidal treatment was necessary to control ticks (Boophilus microplus (Canestrini) ). Thereafter, one of the two herds was grazed alternately in its own and an adjacent paddock, the intervals between each transfer being sufficient to ensure that most of the ticks in the unoccupied paddock had died. Tick infestations on this herd were greatly reduced, and less frequent use of acaricides was necessary. The herd remaining in the continuously stocked pasture continued to need acaricidal treatment for recurring tick infestation. In a field trial with 350–400 cattle moved a t intervals to each of three formerly heavily infested paddocks, tick infestations remained very light, although the herd was dipped only In January, September, and the following January. A control herd on continuously stocked pasture, treated at the owner's discretion, required eight dippings in this period. This procedure of "pasture spelling" seems likely to be widely applicable in central Queensland.

scholarly journals Immunoprotection evaluation of the recombinant N-terminal domain of Cys-loop receptors against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus tick infestation

Parasite ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Moisés Martínez Velázquez ◽  
Carla Patricia Barragán Álvarez ◽  
José Miguel Flores Fernández ◽  
Rodolfo Esteban Lagunes Quintanilla ◽  
Edgar Castro Saines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Recombinant Proteins ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Immunological Protection ◽  
Egg Fertility

Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks are obligatory hematophagous ectoparasites of cattle and act as vectors for disease-causing microorganisms. Conventional tick control is based on the application of chemical acaricides; however, their uncontrolled use has increased resistant tick populations, as well as food and environmental contamination. Alternative immunological tick control has shown to be partially effective. Therefore, there is a need to characterize novel antigens in order to improve immunological protection. The aim of this work was to evaluate Cys-loop receptors as vaccine candidates. N-terminal domains of a glutamate receptor and of a glycine-like receptor were recombinantly produced in Escherichia coli. Groups of BALB/c mice were independently immunized with four doses of each recombinant protein emulsified with Freund’s adjuvant. Both vaccine candidates were immunogenic in mice as demonstrated by western blot analysis. Next, recombinant proteins were independently formulated with the adjuvant Montanide ISA 50 V2 and evaluated in cattle infested with Rhipicephalus microplus tick larvae. Groups of three European crossbred calves were immunized with three doses of each adjuvanted protein. ELISA test was used to evaluate the IgG immune response elicited against the recombinant proteins. Results showed that vaccine candidates generated a moderate humoral response on vaccinated cattle. Vaccination significantly affected the number of engorged adult female ticks, having no significant effects on tick weight, egg weight and egg fertility values. Vaccine efficacies of 33% and 25% were calculated for the glutamate receptor and the glycine-like receptor, respectively.

Prevalence of Ixodid Ticks in Cattle Population of Indore, Madhya Pradesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Jayraw ◽  
U. K. Mandloi ◽  
M. Haque ◽  
N. Jamra
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Cattle Population ◽  
Hyalomma Anatolicum Anatolicum ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Mixed Infestation

A survey study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of ixodid ticks in cattle population of Indore, Madhya Pradesh. Every month, ticks were collected from 9511 cattle belonging to randomly selected 5 villages of each tehsil, viz. Indore, Mhow, Depalpur, Sanwer and Hatod. The current study revealed an overall tick prevalence of 58.87% with significantly high prevalence of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (42.89%) than Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (11.82%) and mixed infestation (4.16%). Season-wise, significantly high prevalence was recorded in monsoon (71.08%) than summer (62.28%) and winter (52.12%). Amongst the various age groups, significantly high tick infestation was encountered in 1-3 year-old (78.63%) than >3 year-old (56.79%) and is less than 1 year-old cattle (52.92%). Sex-wise, significantly high tick infestation was documented in males (66.01%) than their female (58.06%) counterparts. Tehsil-wise, significantly high prevalence was evident in Mhow tehsil (69.12%) as compared to Indore (61.40%), Depalpur (57.27%), Sanwer (55.28%) and Hatod (50.14%) tehsils.

scholarly journals Alterations in Host Metabolism by the Specific and Anorectic Effects of the Cattle Tick (Boophilus Microplus) I. Food Intake and Body Weight Growth

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Seebeck ◽  
PH Springell ◽  
JC O'kelly
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Hereford Cattle ◽  
Anorectic Effect ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Host Metabolism

This experiment was designed to measure the effects of infestation by B. microplus on cattle and to separate the effects of reduced food intake ("anorectic effect") from those due to the remaining factors of tick infestation ("specific effect"). Hereford cattle kept on a high-quality diet were studied over a treatment period of 11 weeks with the tick-infested animals being infested regularly with equal larval doses for each animal.

scholarly journals INFESTASI CAPLAK (Boophilus microplus) PADA TERNAK SAPI DI DESA PINABETENGAN KECAMATAN TOMPASO KABUPATEN MINAHASA

ZOOTEC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 387
Author(s):  
Jordan Ch. Konore ◽  
Agustinus Lomboan ◽  
Endang Pudjihastuti ◽  
Srimalasinha Sane ◽  
Meis Nangoy
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
The North ◽  
Female Cattle ◽  
Head Neck

This research was conducted in Pinabetengan village to calculate the prevalence and preference of tick infestations in cattle in Pinabetengan Village, Tompaso District, Minahasa Regency. This study uses the Purposive Random Sampling method. 64 cattles were used as samples. Collecting ticks starts from the head, neck, back, groin, legs, and tail, then put in a bottle containing 70% alcohol based on the body parts of the animal. Based on the result research   that 30 cattles were found to be infested of tick. Preferences of ticks on body parts of cattle show that at the groin is the most infestation of ticks. The tick infestation preference based on sex it turn out that female cattle are more often infested with tick. Based on the results and discussion it can be concluded that the cattle in the North Pinabetengan village infested with Boophilus microplus tick is 46.9%. Preference for tick infestation on the body parts that are most commonly found in the groin of cattle. Preference for tick infestation in female cattle is 4.38 ticks, while male cattle are 3.33 ticks.Keywords: Ticks, Infestations, Preference, Prevalence, Cow

Natural occurrence of lethal aspergillosis in the cattle tickRhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus(Acari:Ixodidae)

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. MIRANDA-MIRANDA ◽  
R. COSSIO-BAYUGAR ◽  
F. MARTÍNEZ-IBAÑEZ ◽  
R. CASASANERO-ORDUÑA ◽  
J. FOLCH-MALLOL
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Dark Colour ◽  
Microscopic Morphology

SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to describe an unreported entomopathogenic fungus that naturally infects the cattle tickRhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus(Acari: Ixodidae). Engorged female ticks, showed symptoms of fungal infection after controlled tick infestation of cattle. Infected ticks developed a distinctive dark colour, a pale mould grew over the cuticle and the ticks eventually died covered with fungal conidiophores. The responsible fungus was isolated and cultured on mycological medium and submitted to microscopic morphology, biochemical phenotyping and 18S rRNA ribotyping analyses, which identified it as aflatoxin-producingAspergillus flavus. Spores from the cultured fungus were experimentally sprayed over healthy engorged female ticks, obtaining an 80% prevalence of experimental infection of healthy ticks and their egg masses, the larval progeny after incubation under laboratory conditions was also infected. These results demonstrate thatA. flavusis the causative agent of the natural fungal disease of the cattle tickR. microplusdescribed here.

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