Natural and culture-induced genetic variation in plantains (Musa spp. AAB group)

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Newbury ◽  
E. C. Howell ◽  
Jonathan H. Crouch ◽  
B. V. Ford-Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Land Races ◽  
High Level

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of 15, mostly African, plantain land races revealed a very low proportion of polymorphic bands (13 of 276). However, further examination of these 13 marker bands demonstrated that they varied within land races and could not be used to distinguish between land races. In many cases, this could be directly associated with tissue culture treatment of the material. In order to investigate tissue culture effects in more detail, a single meristem of the West African plantain Agbagba was introduced into axenic culture and subjected to three cycles of micropropagation. A total of 48 regenerated plants were established under field conditions and subjected to RAPD analysis. By using 40 arbitrarily selected primers, about 400 bands were scored across this population of in vitro-derived plants. Sixteen of the bands were polymorphic within the population of Agabgba plants, distinguishing 13 genotypes. The pattern of relationships of these genotypes was established by cluster analysis; field characterisation of the plants supported the relationships revealed by RAPD data. The high level of RAPD polymorphism (4% of bands polymorphic), along with a clear correlation between the genotypic classification of individual plants and their tissue culture pedigree, suggests that a substantial amount of genetic variation existed within the original cultured meristem. On this basis, a putative Agbagba meristem representing an apparent sectoral chimera has been constructed. A model is presented that takes account of the persistence and high rate of somaclonal variation and proposes that the mother Agbagba plant comprised a periclinal chimera.

scholarly journals Keragaman genetik Anggrek Grammatophyllum scriptum asal biji dari hasil Kultur In Vitro berdasarkan penanda RAPD

Cassowary ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Zarima Wibawati ◽  
Amelia Sarungallo ◽  
Barahima Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Polymorphic Band ◽  
Genetic Character ◽  
Orchid Seed

Propagation through tissue culture by using orchid seed as explants will produce a lot of orchid plants. This study aims to measure the genetic character of orchid plantlets that were regenerated from seeds which have been resulted from in vitro culture. The genetic character of the original orchid plants produced from in vitro culture was determined using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular markers. The results showed that the primers used in the RAPD analysis showed a polymorphic band pattern of 14 DNA bands, with sizes between 500 bp - 8000 bp. The genetic distance of Grammatophyllum scriptum orchids that was regenerated from seeds is between 0.229 and 0.649.  The progenis produced from in vitro culture were clustered into seven groups at a dissimilarity coefficient of 45%.

Direct comparison of levels of genetic variation in tomato detected by a GACA-containing microsatellite probe and by random amplified polymorphic DNA

Genome ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Rus-Kortekaas ◽  
M. J. M. Smulders ◽  
P. Arens ◽  
B. Vosman
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Dna Fingerprint ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Lycopersicon Pennellii ◽  
Lycopersicon Species ◽  
Polymorphic Bands ◽  
Simple Sequence

In this study, a direct comparison was made of the ability of four selected random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers and a GACA-containing microsatellite probe to detect genetic variation in Lycopersicon. Of the 89 RAPD primers initially tested, 85 showed differences between a representative of Lycopersicon pennellii and L. esculentum, but only 4 distinguished among three L. esculentum cultivars. These four primers were subsequently tested on representatives of six Lycopersicon species. In pairwise comparisons of species, all or 14 of the 15 combinations could be distinguished by single primers. When the primers were tested on 15 L. esculentum cultivars, 90 of the 105 combinations could be distinguished by the four primers together. Finally, none of 118 tested primers showed reproducible differences among calli or progeny of régénérants from tissue culture, although some of the plants had inherited morphological mutations. The probe pWVA16, which detects GACA-containing microsatellites, could distinguish in TaqI-digested DNA the representatives of Lycopersicon species as well as all the L. esculentum cultivars tested. The probe was unable to detect polymorphisms among calli and the progeny of regenerants from tissue culture. An analysis of the results showed that the four selected RAPD primers were able to detect polymorphic bands among species at a frequency of 80%, and among cultivars at a frequency of 44%. In contrast, the microsatellite probe detected polymorphic bands at a frequency of 100 and 95%, respectively. The GACA-containing probe did not detect any common bands among the representatives of the six species, while band sharing with RAPDs was 48%. These results indicate that the two methods detect two types of DNA that differ in their degree of variability.Key words: DNA fingerprint, RAPD, simple sequence, somaclonal variation, tissue culture.

scholarly journals INFECTION INDUCED BY ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF ATTENUATED POLIOVIRUS TO PERSONS POSSESSING HOMOTYPIC ANTIBODY

1957 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy M. Horstmann ◽  
J. R. Paul ◽  
J. L. Melnick ◽  
Joyce V. Deutsch
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Virus Dose ◽  
Virus Excretion

Four of five individuals possessing homotypic antibody in titers of 8 to 64 were infected on being fed Type III (Leon KP-34) poliovirus attenuated by Sabin by passage through tissue culture. None of the infected subjects or controls showed any evidence of illness which could be attributed to virus infection. There was no evidence of spread of infection to any of the control adult wardmates of the experimental subjects, although the two groups were in close contact: none of the controls excreted virus, none showed any antibody shift. One control who had no Type III antibodies at the start of the experiment was still antibody-negative on the 63rd day of the experiment. Three of the four individuals who became infected had naturally acquired-Type III antibodies; the other had antibodies induced by formalinized vaccine. Virus excretion in the stool was of short duration (7 to 13 days) in the three with natural antibodies, and lasted at least 6 weeks after feeding in the vaccinated child. Virus in the throat was detected only in the two persons receiving the larger virus dose (107.5 TCD50). In them it was present in small amounts between the 2nd and 6th day after feeding. No virus was detected in the blood of any of the infected individuals. The antibody responses of the four infected individuals were variable. There was no clear correlation with virus dosage, amount of virus excretion in the stools, or presence of virus in the throat. Only the child whose neutralizing antibodies were "Salk" vaccine induced showed a marked CF response. The virus excreted by two of the individuals who became infected, as tested in the 2nd tissue culture passage by monkey inoculation, was slightly more neurotropic than the virus which was ingested. Virus excreted by one of these individuals behaved as a virulent strain when tested by the in vitro plaque virulence test, while that isolated from the other had the characteristics of an attenuated strain in this test.

Molecular Epidemiology of Metronidazole Resistance in a Population of Trichomonas vaginalis Clinical Isolates

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 3004-3009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren J. Snipes ◽  
Pascale M. Gamard ◽  
Elizabeth M. Narcisi ◽  
C. Ben Beard ◽  
Tovi Lehmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Nucleotide Position ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Metronidazole Resistance ◽  
High Level

Trichomonas vaginalis, the causative agent for human trichomoniasis, is a problematic sexually transmitted disease mainly in women, where it may be asymptomatic or cause severe vaginitis and cervicitis. Despite its high prevalence, the genetic variability and drug resistance characteristics of this organism are poorly understood. To address these issues, genetic analyses were performed on 109 clinical isolates using three approaches. First, two internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions flanking the 5.8S subunit of the ribosomal DNA gene were sequenced. The only variation was a point mutation at nucleotide position 66 of the ITS1 region found in 16 isolates (14.7%). Second, the presence of a 5.5-kb double-stranded RNAT. vaginalis virus (TVV) was assessed. TVV was detected in 55 isolates (50%). Finally, a phylogenetic analysis was performed based on random amplified polymorphic DNA data. The resulting phylogeny indicated at least two distinct lineages that correlate with the presence of TVV. A band-sharing index indicating relatedness was created for different groups of isolates. It demonstrated that isolates harboring the virus are significantly more closely related to each other than to the rest of the population, and it indicated a high level of relatedness among isolates with in vitro metronidazole resistance. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that drug resistance toT. vaginalis resulted from a single or very few mutational events. Permutation tests and nonparametric analyses showed associations between metronidazole resistance and phylogeny, the ITS mutation, and TVV presence. These results suggest the existence of genetic markers with clinical implications for T. vaginalisinfections.

scholarly journals Effect of axenic culture and NAA in Vitro on masoyi (Cryptocarya massoy (Oken) Kosterm) seeds regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 914 (1) ◽  
pp. 012016
Author(s):  
Y Wibisono ◽  
A I Putri ◽  
Y Hadiyan ◽  
L Haryjanto ◽  
L Hakim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Axenic Cultures ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The high valuable endemic commodities in Papua, Masoyi’s (Cryptocarya massoy) population facing great threat due to unsustainable harvest system. Generative propagation faces significant challenges due to seed characteristics and habitat conditions. Controlled conditions and the role of hormones have an important effect on generative growth. This study aimed to determine the influence of axenic culture with sterilization treatments Isothiazolone Biocide (IB) and 1-Naphtaleaneacetic Acid (NAA) in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium on seed regeneration and to observe the development of seedlings at the acclimatization stage. The tissue culture method was used. The highest percentage of axenic cultures (57%) was obtained with 5% of BI. The germination rate of masoyi seeds was achieved by 100%. Furthermore, it showed varied responses depending upon concentrations of NAA, the addition of 1 ml l−1 NAA in MS medium is recommended. Acclimatization has been successfully carried out in the greenhouse (67% survival rate) and excellent seedlings growth at nursery (52.35 + 0.6 cm in height after one year transferred). The impact of the controlled conditions and the addition of NAA to axenic cultures in vitro increased the germination of masoyi seeds. Axenic culture and hormones were also important requirements for mass propagation of masoyi by tissue culture.

Genetic diversity of Kensington mango in Australia

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
ISE Bally ◽  
GC Graham ◽  
RJ Henry
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Genetic Variations ◽  
Oligonucleotide Primers

The genetic diversity of Kensington mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) was investigated using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. DNA was extracted from leaves of 27 'Kensington Pride', 2 'R2E2' and 1 seedling. RAPD analysis with 10 oligonucleotide primers allowed the scoring of 107 markers. The R2E2 trees (20% dissimilarity) and the seedling (10% dissimilarity) were distinct from the Kensington Pride. However, there was very little evidence of significant genetic variation within Kensington Pride selections. Fifteen of the selections were identical in all 107 markers. Only 2 selections, WEAN2 and ML2N1, differed by more than 5%. These plants provide the best options for use in genetic improvement of the Kensington Pride mango. Many of the differences found in Kensington mango orchards may be due to environmental factors not genetic variations.

Analysis of genetic diversity and spatial structure in Tunisian populations of Hordeum marinum ssp. marinum based on molecular markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (5) ◽  
pp. 399-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Saoudi ◽  
M. Badri ◽  
M. Gandour ◽  
A. Smaoui ◽  
C. Abdelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Entire Collection ◽  
High Discrimination ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dna Primers ◽  
Altitudinal Difference

AbstractHordeum marinum commonly known as sea barley is a salinity-tolerant species of grass. In the current study, 150 lines from ten populations of H. marinum ssp. marinum collected from five Tunisian bioclimatic sites were screened for polymorphism with 13 selected random amplified polymorphic DNA primers. Results exhibited a high level of polymorphism (160 polymorphic bands with an average of 12.46 per primer) and a high level of genetic diversity in all the studied populations (on average UHe = 0.247 and I = 0.358). High discrimination capacity was found for the 13 primers and a combination of three allowed assignation of a unique profile for each of the 150 lines. The partition of genetic diversity with Analysis of Molecular Variance suggested that the majority of genetic variation (67%) was within populations. The components between-populations within ecoregions and between-ecoregions explained 21 and 12%, respectively, of the total genetic variance. There was no significant association of population differentiation (ФPT) with geographical distance or altitudinal difference. Results also showed that the 150 lines grouped into three clusters with no respect to geographic origin. A sub-set of 13 lines was identified, which captured the maximum genetic diversity of the entire collection. The genetic variation found in this collection of H. marinum is deemed to be useful in formulating conservation strategies for this species.

scholarly journals ECOLOGY AND THE RAPD TECHNIQUES USED TO ASSESS THE GENETIC DIVERSITY IN PTEROLOBIUM HEXAPETALUM, A SCRAMBLING MEDICINAL SHRUB IN MARUTHAMALAI AND CHENNIMALAI HILLS, THE WESTERN GHATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHARMILA S. ◽  
AKILANDESWARI D. ◽  
RAMYA E. K. ◽  
MOWNIKA S.
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Individual Bands ◽  
Reproductive Characters ◽  
Two Populations

Objective: To investigate the ecological and genetic diversity, climatic factors, edaphic factors morphological and reproductive characters and RAPD analysis of medicinal plant species Pterolobium hexapetalum in two hills viz., Maruthamalai (arid) and Chennimalai (very arid), which is located in Coimbatore and Erode districts, Tamil Nadu. Methods: The present research was carried out by using a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was made to determine the genetic variation between the two populations of the medicinal shrub, Pterolobium hexapetalum in an environmental gradient. Among the five primers tested, the OPN7 (80 %) and OPN17 (71.4 %) produced higher polymorphism was used in RAPD analysis. Results: The results of RAPD analysis showed the presence of 51 individual bands were formed, out of which, 29 were polymorphic bands which showed the existence of genetic variation between populations. A dendrogram was constructed based on Jaccard’s coefficient to determine the degree of genetic relationship among the two populations and analysed. The primers OPN7 and OPN17 were clustered together at a genetic distance level 10. Considering the elevation and proximity, the temperature ranges from 18 °C to 37.6 °C in Maruthamalai hill and 20 °C to 39.4 °C in Chennimalai hill. Conclusion: From the morphoecological studies the results indicated that both arid and very arid climatic conditions showed slight differences in their vegetative and reproductive characters.

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