scholarly journals Perspectives on the Molecular and Biological Implications of Tropoelastin in Human Tissue Elasticity

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony S. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Human Tissue ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Protein Molecule ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Tissue Elasticity ◽  
Tissue Viability ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Skin Blood Vessels ◽  
20 Nm

The elasticity of a range of vertebrate and particularly human tissues depends on the dynamic and persistent protein elastin. This elasticity is diverse, and comprises skin, blood vessels, and lung, and is essential for tissue viability. Elastin is predominantly made by assembling tropoelastin, which is an asymmetric 20-nm-long protein molecule. This overview considers tropoelastin’s molecular features and biological interactions in the context of its value in tissue repair.

scholarly journals Comprehensive identification of alternative back-splicing in human tissue transcriptomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1779-1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Ou Zhang ◽  
Tingting Jiang ◽  
Lingling Cai ◽  
Xiao Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Splice Site ◽  
Human Tissue ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Intron Length ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Alu Elements ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Brain Tissues

Abstract Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed RNAs derived from back-splicing of genes across eukaryotes. Through alternative back-splicing (ABS), a single gene produces multiple circRNAs sharing the same back-splice site. Although many ABS events have recently been discovered, to what extent ABS involves in circRNA biogenesis and how it is regulated in different human tissues still remain elusive. Here, we reported an in-depth analysis of ABS events in 90 human tissue transcriptomes. We observed that ABS occurred for about 84% circRNAs. Interestingly, alternative 5′ back-splicing occurs more prevalently than alternative 3′ back-splicing, and both of them are tissue-specific, especially enriched in brain tissues. In addition, the patterns of ABS events in different brain regions are similar to each other and are more complex than the patterns in non-brain tissues. Finally, the intron length and abundance of Alu elements positively correlated with ABS event complexity, and the predominant circRNAs had longer flanking introns and more Alu elements than other circRNAs in the same ABS event. Together, our results represent a resource for circRNA research—we expanded the repertoire of ABS events of circRNAs in human tissue transcriptomes and provided insights into the complexity of circRNA biogenesis, expression, and regulation.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms at the Basis of Pharmaceutical Grade Triticum vulgare Extract Efficacy in Prompting Keratinocytes Healing

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Antonella D’Agostino ◽  
Anna Virginia Adriana Pirozzi ◽  
Rosario Finamore ◽  
Fabrizia Grieco ◽  
Massimiliano Minale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparation ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Protein Quantification ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Tissue Elasticity ◽  
Triticum Vulgare

Background: It has been shown that many plant- or microbial-derived oligos and polysaccharides may prompt tissue repair. Among the different extracts that have been studied, the aqueous one of Triticum vulgare (TVE) that was obtained from a whole germinated plant has been proven to have different biological properties that are useful in the process of wound healing. Nevertheless, with the long tradition of its use in pharmaceutical cream and ointments, especially in Italy, a new protocol was recently proposed (and patented) to improve the extraction process. Methods: In a simplified in vitro model, human keratinocyte monolayers were scratched and used to run time lapse experiments by using time lapse video microscopy (TLVM) to quantify reparation rate while considering a dose–response effect. Contemporarily, the molecular mechanisms that are involved in tissue repair were studied. In fact, key biomarkers that are involved in remodeling, such as MMP-2 and MMP-9, and in matrix structure assembly, such as collagen I, elastin, integrin αV and aquaporin 3, were evaluated with gene expression analyses (RT-PCR) and protein quantification in western blotting. Results: All TVE doses tested on the HaCat-supported cell proliferation. TVE also prompted cell migration in respect to the control, correctly modulating the timing of metalloproteases expression toward a consistent and well-assessed matrix remodeling. Furthermore, TVE treatments upregulated and positively modulated the expression of the analyzed biomarkers, thus resulting in a better remodeling of dermal tissue during healing. Conclusions: The in vitro results on the beneficial effects of TVE on tissue elasticity and regeneration may support a better understanding of the action mechanism of TVE as active principles in pharmaceutical preparation in wound treatment.

scholarly journals Assessing Autophagy in Archived Tissue or How to Capture Autophagic Flux from a Tissue Snapshot

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magali Humbert ◽  
María Morán ◽  
Patricia de la Cruz-Ojeda ◽  
Jordi Muntané ◽  
Tabea Wiedmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Tissue ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Tissue Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Autophagic Activity ◽  
Made In

Autophagy is a highly conserved degradation mechanism that is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. In human disease, autophagy pathways are frequently deregulated and there is immense interest in targeting autophagy for therapeutic approaches. Accordingly, there is a need to determine autophagic activity in human tissues, an endeavor that is hampered by the fact that autophagy is characterized by the flux of substrates whereas histology informs only about amounts and localization of substrates and regulators at a single timepoint. Despite this challenging task, considerable progress in establishing markers of autophagy has been made in recent years. The importance of establishing clear-cut autophagy markers that can be used for tissue analysis cannot be underestimated. In this review, we attempt to summarize known techniques to quantify autophagy in human tissue and their drawbacks. Furthermore, we provide some recommendations that should be taken into consideration to improve the reliability and the interpretation of autophagy biomarkers in human tissue samples.

scholarly journals Shape of tropoelastin, the highly extensible protein that controls human tissue elasticity

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 4322-4327 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Baldock ◽  
A. F. Oberhauser ◽  
L. Ma ◽  
D. Lammie ◽  
V. Siegler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Tissue ◽  
Tissue Elasticity

scholarly journals Reaction of Human Monoclonal Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Proteins With Tissue Antigens: Implications for Autoimmune Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristo Vojdani ◽  
Elroy Vojdani ◽  
Datis Kharrazian
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Human Tissue ◽  
Molecular Mimicry ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Immune Reactivity ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Human Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Tissue Antigens

We sought to determine whether immune reactivity occurs between anti-SARS-CoV-2 protein antibodies and human tissue antigens, and whether molecular mimicry between COVID-19 viral proteins and human tissues could be the cause. We applied both human monoclonal anti-SARS-Cov-2 antibodies (spike protein, nucleoprotein) and rabbit polyclonal anti-SARS-Cov-2 antibodies (envelope protein, membrane protein) to 55 different tissue antigens. We found that SARS-CoV-2 antibodies had reactions with 28 out of 55 tissue antigens, representing a diversity of tissue groups that included barrier proteins, gastrointestinal, thyroid and neural tissues, and more. We also did selective epitope mapping using BLAST and showed similarities and homology between spike, nucleoprotein, and many other SARS-CoV-2 proteins with the human tissue antigens mitochondria M2, F-actin and TPO. This extensive immune cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and different antigen groups may play a role in the multi-system disease process of COVID-19, influence the severity of the disease, precipitate the onset of autoimmunity in susceptible subgroups, and potentially exacerbate autoimmunity in subjects that have pre-existing autoimmune diseases. Very recently, human monoclonal antibodies were approved for use on patients with COVID-19. The human monoclonal antibodies used in this study are almost identical with these approved antibodies. Thus, our results can establish the potential risk for autoimmunity and multi-system disorders with COVID-19 that may come from cross-reactivity between our own human tissues and this dreaded virus, and thus ensure that the badly-needed vaccines and treatments being developed for it are truly safe to use against this disease.

scholarly journals Drug Analysis in Necrophagous Flies and Human Tissues

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Definis-Gojanović ◽  
Davorka Sutlović ◽  
Dolores Britvić ◽  
Bože Kokan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Human Tissue ◽  
Drug Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Multiple Samples

Drug Analysis in Necrophagous Flies and Human TissuesNecrophagous insects may provide useful information about the time, place and cause of death. In addition, they can serve as reliable alternative specimens for toxicological analysis in cases where human tissue and fluids, normally taken during autopsies, are not available, due to decomposition of the corpse. This paper reports the results of drug analysis of the larvae of two fly families, Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae, collected from the body of a middle-aged man who had committed suicide approximately three weeks before his corpse was found. Multiple samples of decomposed human tissue, of the blowfly, and of the larval flesh were analysed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and amphetamine was detected in all samples. While the screening results were beyond doubt, the quantitative analysis was less clear, and further research is needed in this area.

scholarly journals Impact of Silver and Iron Nanoparticle Exposure on Cholesterol Uptake by Macrophages

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan H. Shannahan ◽  
Hari Sowrirajan ◽  
Indushekhar Persaud ◽  
Ramakrishna Podila ◽  
Jared M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Scavenger Receptor ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Macrophage Function ◽  
Cholesterol Uptake ◽  
Plaque Deposition ◽  
Silver Nps ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
The Impact

Macrophages are central to the development of atherosclerosis by absorbing lipids, promoting inflammation, and increasing plaque deposition. Nanoparticles (NPs) are becoming increasingly common in biomedical applications thereby increasing exposure to the immune and vascular systems. This project investigated the influence of NPs on macrophage function and specifically cholesterol uptake. Macrophages were exposed to 20 nm silver NPs (AgNPs), 110 nm AgNPs, or 20 nm Fe3O4NPs for 2 h and NP uptake, cytotoxicity, and subsequent uptake of fluorescently labeled cholesterol were assessed. Macrophage uptake of NPs did not induce cytotoxicity at concentrations utilized (25 μg/mL); however, macrophage exposure to 20 nm AgNPs reduced subsequent uptake of cholesterol. Further, we assessed the impact of a cholesterol-rich environment on macrophage function following NP exposure. In these sets of experiments, macrophages internalized NPs, exhibited no cytotoxicity, and altered cholesterol uptake. Alterations in the expression of scavenger receptor-B1 following NP exposure, which likely influences cholesterol uptake, were observed. Overall, NPs alter cholesterol uptake, which may have implications in the progression of vascular or immune mediated diseases. Therefore, for the safe development of NPs for biomedical applications, it is necessary to understand their impact on cellular function and biological interactions in underlying disease environments.

Quality control of human tissues-experience from the Indiana University Cancer Center-Lilly Research Labs human tissue bank

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. Sandusky ◽  
Katie Heinz Teheny ◽  
Mike Esterman ◽  
Jeff Hanson ◽  
Stephen D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Human Tissue ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Indiana University

scholarly journals The Interconnection between the Coordinate Distribution of Mueller-Matrixes Images Characteristic Values of Biological Liquid Crystals Net and the Pathological Changes of Human Tissues

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Angelsky ◽  
Yuriy A. Ushenko ◽  
Alexander V. Dubolazov ◽  
Olha Yu. Telenha
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Human Tissue ◽  
Mueller Matrix ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Matrix Elements ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Crystal Network ◽  
Characteristic Points ◽  
Biological Liquid ◽  
Characteristic Values

We have theoretically grounded conceptions of characteristic points observed in coordinate distributions of Mueller matrix elements for a network of human tissue biological crystals. The interrelation between polarization singularities of laser images inherent to these biological crystals and characteristic values of above matrix elements is found. We have determined the criteria for statistical diagnostics of pathological changes in the birefringent structure of biological crystal network by using myometrium tissue as an example.

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