Alleviation of waterlogging stress in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) by exogenous application of potassium in soil and as a foliar spray

The effectiveness of exogenous application of K in ameliorating the adverse effects of waterlogging on cotton plants was assessed under greenhouse conditions. Forty-day-old plants were subjected to continuous flooding for 1 week and then K (60 kg ha–1) was applied either as soil application, foliar spray, or in combination. The waterlogging treatment significantly reduced plant height and fresh and dry biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange parameters and nutrient accumulation (N, K+, Ca2+) in stem, root and leaves of cotton plants, Although Mg2+ content in roots increased significantly due to waterlogging, it was not affected in stem or leaves. In contrast, Mn2+ and Fe2+ contents generally increased under waterlogged conditions. All water relation parameters were also significantly influenced by waterlogging stress. Waterlogged plants supplemented with K showed a significant improvement in growth, photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic capacity. Potassium supplementation also improved nutrient uptake of waterlogged plants and resulted in significantly higher accumulation of K+, Ca2+, N, Mn2+ and Fe2+ than those plants not supplied with K. Although all modes of K application were effective in mitigating the inhibitory effects of waterlogging, the combined application through soil + foliar spray yielded the best results and the foliar application (alone) being the least effective.

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Co-application of bio-fertilizer and salicylic acid improves growth, photosynthetic pigments and stress tolerance in wheat under drought stress

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.9960 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e9960

Author(s):

Ammar Azmat ◽

Humaira Yasmin ◽

Muhammad Nadeem Hassan ◽

Asia Nosheen ◽

Rabia Naz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Photosynthetic Pigments ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Combined Application

Drought stress hampers the growth and productivity of wheat crop worldwide. Thus far, different strategies have been proposed to improve drought tolerance in wheat but the combined application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria formulated bio-fertilizer (BF) and salicylic acid (SA) has not been thoroughly explored yet. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted to observe the effect of SA, BF, and their combination on wheat plants under optimal and drought stress conditions. Seeds priming was done with BF (107 CFU mL−1). After 2 weeks of germination, SA (one mM) was applied as a foliar spray. Drought stress was applied by withholding water supply at three-leaf stage (30 d old plants) for the next 15 d until soil moisture dropped to 10%. Foliar application of SA increased the bacterial population of BF significantly compared to the sole application of BF under irrigated as well as drought stress conditions. Co-application of BF and foliar spray of SA induced drought tolerance in wheat plants by enhancing plant biomass, photosynthetic pigments, relative water content and osmolytes, and activities of the defense-related system. Plants treated with SA and BF together under drought stress had significantly increased leaf water status, Chl a, Chl b, and carotenoids synthesis by 238%, 125%, 167%, and 122%, respectively. Moreover, the co-application of SA and BF showed maximum SOD, POD, APX, and CAT activities by 165%, 85%, 156%, and 169% in the leaves while 153%, 86%, 116% and 200% in roots under drought stress. Similarly, the combined treatment exhibited a pronounced decrease in MDA content by 54% while increased production of proteins and proline by 145% and 149%, respectively. Our results showed that the co-application of SA and BF induced better drought tolerance as compared with the sole application of SA or BF. The results obtained herein suggest that combined application of BF and SA can be applied to the wheat crop to greatly improve drought tolerance in field conditions.

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Improvement of antioxidant activities and yield of spring maize through seed priming and foliar application of plant growth regulators under heat stress conditions

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n1p47 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 47 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ijaz Ahmad ◽

Shehzad Maqsood Ahmed Basra ◽

Muhammad Akram ◽

Allah Wasaya ◽

Muhammad Ansar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Exogenous Application ◽

Hybrid Maize

Heat stress during reproductive and grain filling phases adversely affects the growth of cereals through reduction in grain’s number and size. However, exogenous application of antioxidants, plant growth regulators and osmoprotectants may be helpful to minimize these heat induced yield losses in cereals. This two year study was conducted to evaluate the role of exogenous application of ascorbic acid (AsA), salicylic acid (SA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) applied through seed priming or foliar spray on biochemical, physiological, morphological and yield related traits, grain yield and quality of late spring sown hybrid maize. The experiment was conducted in the spring season of 2007 and 2008. We observed that application of AsA, SA and H2O2 applied through seed priming or foliar spray improved the physiological, biochemical, morphological and yield related traits, grain yield and grain quality of late spring sown maize in both years. In both years, we observed higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activity in the plants where AsA, SA and H2O2were applied through seed priming or foliar spray than control. Membrane stability index (MSI), relative water contents (RWC), chlorophyll contents, grain yield and grain oil contents were also improved by exogenous application of AsA, SA and H2O2 in both years. Seed priming of AsA, SA and H2O2was equally effective as the foliar application. In conclusion, seed priming with AsA, SA and H2O2 may be opted to lessen the heat induced yield losses in late sown spring hybrid maize. Heat tolerance induced by ASA, SA and H2O2 may be attributed to increase in antioxidant activities and MSI which maintained RWC and chlorophyll contents in maize resulting in better grain yield in heat stress conditions.

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Effect of foliar spray of zinc, iron and boron on the growth, yield and sensory characters of guava (Psidium guajava L.) Cv. Sardar L-49

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v8i2.860 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 701-704

Author(s):

M. G. Bhoyar ◽

M.V. Ramdevputra

Keyword(s):

Zinc Sulphate ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Guava Fruit ◽

Overall Acceptability ◽

Combined Application ◽

Fruit Drop ◽

Sensory Parameters

The field experiment was carried to evaluate the response to the foliar application of micronutrients viz. zinc, iron and boron in single or in different combinations on guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Sardar L-49 for various growth, yield and sensory parameters. From various combinations of micronutrients growth characters were remain uninfluenced. Combination of 0.5% Zinc sulphate + 0.5% Ferrus sulphate + 0.3% Borax significantly influenced fruit per shoot (3.6), overall yield (57.1 kg/tree) and sensory characters like aroma (7.7), taste (8.1), flavour (8.2), texture (7.5) and also overall acceptability (7.9). Application of 0.3% Borax significantly influenced flowers per shoot (5.3). Minimum fruit drop was recorded with application of 0.5% Ferrus sulphate + 0.3% Borax and minimum fruit drop per shoot observed in 0.5% Zinc sulphate + 0.3% Borax foliar application. The present study indicated that combined application of micronutrients enhanced fruit set, minimized fruit drop and overall yield. This has resulted in improved sensory characters in the guava fruit. This will lure consumers with appealing fruit that would enable farmers to earn a decent sum of money.

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Exogenous Application of Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic Acid Mitigates Drought-Induced Oxidative Damages in French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10102066 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2066

Author(s):

Mohammed Mohi-Ud-Din ◽

Dipa Talukder ◽

Motiar Rohman ◽

Jalal Uddin Ahmed ◽

S. V. Krishna Jagadish ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Methyl Jasmonate ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

French Bean ◽

Defense System ◽

Growth Physiology ◽

Exogenous Application ◽

Combined Application

Drought stress impairs the normal growth and development of plants through various mechanisms including the induction of cellular oxidative stresses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) on the growth, physiology, and antioxidant defense system of drought-stressed French bean plants. Application of MeJA (20 μM) or SA (2 mM) alone caused modest reductions in the harmful effects of drought. However, combined application substantially enhanced drought tolerance by improving the physiological activities and antioxidant defense system. The drought-induced generation of O2●− and H2O2, the MDA content, and the LOX activity were significantly lower in leaves when seeds or leaves were pre-treated with a combination of MeJA (10 μM) and SA (1 mM) than with either hormone alone. The combined application of MeJA and SA to drought-stressed plants also significantly increased the activities of the major antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase as well as the enzymes of the ascorbate–glutathione cycle. Taken together, our results suggest that seed or foliar application of a combination of MeJA and SA restore growth and normal physiological processes by triggering the antioxidant defense system in drought-stressed plants.

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Foliar Application of Boron and Irrigation Levels on the Performance of Lentil

Bangladesh Agronomy Journal ◽

10.3329/baj.v24i1.55553 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 129-138

Author(s):

S Paul ◽

SC Sarker ◽

TS Roy ◽

R Chakraborty ◽

M Roy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Combined Application ◽

Stover Yield ◽

Biological Yield ◽

Four Levels ◽

Pod Length ◽

Irrigation Levels

The experiment was conducted to study the response of lentil to irrigation levels and different methods of boron application in relation to yield and yield contributing characters. Three levels of irrigation viz., I0: control (No irrigation), I1: one irrigation at 25 days after sowing (DAS), I2: two irrigations at 25 DAS and 40 DAS, and four levels of Boron viz., B0: control (No boron), B1: 80% recommended dose (RD) as basal + rest 20% as a foliar spray (FS) at pre-flowering (PF), B2: 60% RD as basal + rest 40% as FS at PF, B3: 40% RD as basal + rest 60% as FS at PF as treatment variables. It was found that the highest number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, 1000-seed weight, pod length, seed yield and stover yield was obtained with two irrigations. In contrast, B3 had a significant effect on the yield contributing characters of lentil. Results also revealed that numerically more seed yield (638.23 kg ha-1) was recorded in I2B3. Similar trend was found in case of stover yield (751.26 kg ha-1) and biological yield (1389.4 kg ha-1) from I2B3 combinations. These results suggested that combined application of irrigation at 25 and 40 DAS and boron at 40% RD as basal + rest 60% as FS at PF significantly enhanced the crop yields of lentil. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2021, 24(1): 129-138

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Combined application of zinc and iron-lysine and its effects on morpho-physiological traits, antioxidant capacity and chromium uptake in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0262140 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. e0262140

Author(s):

Ihsan Elahi Zaheer ◽

Shafaqat Ali ◽

Muhammad Hamzah Saleem ◽

Hafiza Sana Yousaf ◽

Afifa Malik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Maximum Level ◽

Tannery Wastewater ◽

Gas Exchange Parameters ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Combined Application ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Seed Crops ◽

Chromium Uptake

Environmental contamination of chromium (Cr) has gained substantial consideration worldwide because of its high levels in the water and soil. A pot experiment using oil seed crop (rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)) grown under different levels of tannery wastewater (0, 33, 66 and 100%) in the soil using the foliar application of zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe)–lysine (lys) has been conducted. Results revealed that a considerable decline in the plant growth and biomass elevates with the addition of concentrations of tannery wastewater. Maximum decline in plant height, number of leaves, root length, fresh and dry biomass of root and leaves were recorded at the maximum level of tannery wastewater application (100%) compared to the plants grown without the addition of tannery wastewater (0%) in the soil. Similarly, contents of carotenoid and chlorophyll, gas exchange parameters and activities of various antioxidants (superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)) were also reduced significantly (P < 0.05) with the increasing concentration of tannery wastewater (33, 66 and 100%) in the soil. In addition, a combined application of Zn and Fe-lys reduced the accumulation and uptake of toxic Cr, while boosting the uptake of essential micronutrients such as Zn and Fe in different tissues of the plants. Results concluded that exogenous application of micronutrients chelated with amino acid successfully mitigate Cr stress in B. napus. Under field conditions, supplementation with these micronutrient-chelated amino acids may be an effective method for alleviating metal stress in other essential seed crops.

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The Effect of Potassium and Micronutrient Foliar Fertilisation on the Content and Accumulation of Microelements, Yield and Quality Parameters of Potato Tubers

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10110530 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 530

Author(s):

Renata Gaj ◽

Dariusz Górski ◽

Leszek Majchrzak

Keyword(s):

Foliar Application ◽

Block Design ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

French Fries ◽

Tuber Quality ◽

Potassium Sulphate ◽

Potato Tubers ◽

Combined Application ◽

Foliar Treatment

The objective of this three-year study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of dedusted potassium sulphate and chelated forms of microelements on the contents and accumulation of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) as well as on the quality parameters of potato tubers at the stage of full maturity. Four treatments were analysed, including the control, where only nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilisation was applied. Consistent with the experimental design adopted, other trials included: (I) Double foliar treatment with potassium sulphate in the combined dose of 8.6 K kg ha−1 (SOP); (II) double foliar treatment with micronutrients: 12 g Zn ha−1, 12 g Cu ha−1, 300 g Mn ha−1 and 500 g B ha−1 (Micro) and (III) combined application of SOP and Micro on two scheduled terms (SOP + Micro). Two potato varieties were tested: The French fries variety Zorba and the crisps variety Hermes. The experiment was arranged in a randomised complete block design with four replicates for each potato variety. Both the two-fold foliar spray with micronutrients and the treatment combined with the application of potassium sulphate resulted in the enhanced content and accumulation of the elements examined. The significant effect of the experimental factor was especially visible for the content and uptake of manganese and iron. Moreover, a highly significant relationship was determined between the tuber contents of protein and starch. The tuber quality parameters were most significantly conditioned by manganese and iron for the French fries variety and by zinc, copper and manganese for the crisps variety.

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Effect of Iron and Phytohormones Application on Antioxidant Enzymes Activity, Chlorophyll and Grain Yield of Maize in Iron-deficient Soil

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i530551 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 100-109

Author(s):

Kavita . ◽

Vipin Kumar

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Block Design ◽

Ferrous Sulphate ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Enzymes Activity ◽

Spad Value ◽

Combined Application ◽

Iron Deficient

The study investigated the effect of foliar application of gibberellic acid (GA3) and cytokinin on antioxidative enzymes, chlorophyll content and grain yield of maize. Three factor randomized block design (RBD) was used to carry out the investigation in experimental farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar during 2012-13. The field experiment was laid out in Fe-deficient soil (Fe < 0.5 ppm) with contrasting cultivars of maize. The factors were: i) Fe-efficient (Suwan) vs. inefficient cultivar (Shaktiman-3); ii) ‘control’ (no Fe-spray) vs. one soil application of Fe (20 kg ha-1) + two foliar spray of Fe as 0.5% ferrous sulphate at pre-flowering and 7-days after flowering; and iii) foliar application of phytohormones viz., GA3 at10 and 20 ppm; cytokinin at10 and 20 ppm and their combinations. Application of Fe and phytohormones significantly increased enzymes activity like catalase, peroxidise and superoxide dismutase. The highest activity was observed with combined application of cytokinin + GA3 at10 ppm. For example, the value of catalase increased from 196.0 to 217.0 µmol/min/g fresh protein, and peroxidase from 90.0 to 103.0 Units mg-1 fresh protein. There were significant increases in chlorophyll content of leaves, and grain yield with combined application of cytokinin + GA3 at 10 ppm. The maximum chlorophyll content was recorded in ‘Suwan’ (32.7 SPAD value) having treatment Fe application plus GA3 + cytokinin at10 ppm each. Grain yield increased significantly from 58.6 to 64.6 q ha-1 in ‘Suwan’ provided with Fe application and GA3+ cytokinin at10 ppm each compared to control (50.3 q ha-1). Results indicated that phytohormones were involved in regulation of nutrient availability and conversely mineral nutrients influenced hormone biosynthesis suggesting a relationship between hormones and nutritional homeostasis. Conclusion: Exogenous application of phytohormones could alleviate Fe deficiency stresses in maize and application of Fe and phytohormones acted synergistically. Hence, application of GA3 + cytokinin at 10 ppm may be done to alleviate Fe stress and to improve grain yield of maize.

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Combined Kinetin and Spermidine Treatments Ameliorate Growth and Photosynthetic Inhibition in Vigna angularis by Up-Regulating Antioxidant and Nitrogen Metabolism under Cadmium Stress

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom10010147 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 147 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mohammad Abass Ahanger ◽

Usman Aziz ◽

Abdulaziz Alsahli ◽

Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni ◽

Parvaiz Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Cadmium Stress ◽

Photosynthetic Parameters ◽

Cd Stress ◽

Vigna Angularis ◽

Gas Exchange Parameters ◽

Cd Uptake ◽

Exogenous Application ◽

Photosynthetic Inhibition ◽

Combined Application ◽

The Individual

Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the probable beneficial role of the individual as well as combined application of kinetin (50 μM Kn) and spermidine (200 μM Spd) on Vigna angularis under cadmium (Cd) stress. Cd treatment reduced growth by declining the content of chlorophylls and carotenoids, photosynthesis, and gas exchange parameters. Exogenously, Kn and Spd application enhanced the photosynthetic parameters and up-regulated the antioxidant system by improving the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the content of non-enzymatic components. In addition, the application of Kn and Spd resulted in significant improvement in the content of sugars, proline, and glycine betaine, ameliorating the decline in relative water content. Oxidative stress parameters including hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, lipid peroxidation, lipoxygenase activity, and electrolyte leakage increased due to Cd stress; however, the application of Kn and Spd imparted a significant decline in all these parameters. Further, reduced Cd uptake was also observed due to Kn and Spd application. Total phenols and flavonoids also increased due to Kn and Spd treatments under normal as well as Cd stress conditions, which may have further helped with the elimination of reactive oxygen species. Reduction in the activity of nitrate reductase and the content of nitrogen was ameliorated due to the exogenous application of Kn and Spd. Therefore, the exogenous application of Kn and Spd benefited Vigna angularis counteracting the damaging effects of Cd stress by up-regulating the tolerance mechanisms, including antioxidant and osmolyte metabolism.

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Some improvement strategies for the sustainable chickpea development: Single or combined application of monosodium phosphate and sodium sulphate with or without gibberellic acid treatment by foliar or seed priming

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr.v0i0.7645 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammad Mazid ◽

Manoj Kumar Srivastava ◽

Khalil Khan ◽

Farha Naz

Keyword(s):

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Acid Treatment ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Sodium Sulphate ◽

Minute Amount ◽

Combined Application ◽

Improvement Strategies ◽

Gibberellic Acid Treatment

An experiment was laid out with a target to enhance the performance of gram by the foliar spray of a minute amount of monosodium phosphate and/or sodium sulphate (P and S each at 2 kg/ha were sprayed in two equal splits, i.e. half at 60 and the remaining half at the 70 DAS alone or in combination with the gibberellic acid (GA3) treatment i.e., spray or soaking or P and S solution at 0.1%) with or without the seed priming of GA3 (10-6M GA3 for 8h) and/ or the GA3 foliar application (10-6M GA3 at 60-70 DAS). Monosodium phosphate and sodium sulphate each at 2 kg/ha were foliage applied in two equal splits, i.e. half at 60 and the remaining half at the 70 DAS alone or in combination with the GA3. Prior to sowing, total seeds were categorised into two groups; one group of seeds was primed in 0.0M GA3 and the other was primed in 10-6M GA3 aqueous solution, each for 8 hours. Total 16 treatments with 10 best combinations of monosodium phosphate and/or sodium sulphate with GA3 are possible viz., FPS, SGA + FP, SGA + FS, SGA + FPS, FGAP, FGAS, FGAPS, SGA + FGAP, SGA + FGAS and SGA + FGAPS. The combined application of monosodium phosphate and sodium sulphate with GA3 stimulated seed yield per plant, total protein and carbohydrate content at 130 DAS, along with other parameters at the 80 and 90 DAS.

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