Growth patterns and yield of maize (Zea mays) hybrids as affected by nitrogen rate and sowing date in southern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 976
Author(s):  
Antonio Eduardo Coelho ◽  
Luis Sangoi ◽  
Alvadi Antonio Balbinot Junior ◽  
Samuel Luiz Fioreze ◽  
Juliano Berghetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Spring Sowing

Sowing date and nitrogen (N) fertilisation modify the morpho-physiological characteristics of maize (Zea mays L.) plants, which can alter the yield. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of sowing date and N rate on the growth-pattern characteristics of maize hybrids with contrasting cycles, and the subsequent relationship with grain yield. Two experiments were set up in Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil. Two maize hybrids (AG9025, super-early cycle; P30F53, early cycle), two sowing periods (early spring and late spring), and four rates of topdressed N (0, 150, 300 and 450 kg N ha−1) were tested. Plant height, leaf area index (LAI), and relative chlorophyll content (RCC) were evaluated. The increment in N rate increased plant height at the silking stage for early spring sowing, and had no effect for late spring sowing. Higher N rates increased plant height of P30F53 and did not affect plant height of AG9025. Increasing the N rate enhanced LAI and RCC at silking more sharply when maize was sown in early spring. Higher N rates resulted in increased RCC during grain-filling, as well as maintenance of LAI, factors that were strongly associated with grain yield, especially for early spring sowing with hybrid P30F53. This research shows that the use of increasing N rates is an adequate management strategy to increase maize grain yield when the crop is sown in early spring. When applied at this sowing time, N has greater effect on the elevation of LAI and RCC and their maintenance during grain filling.

scholarly journals Effect of Herbicides on Yield and Yield Components of Hybrid Maize (Zea mays)

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. KHAN ◽  
G. HASSAN ◽  
N. MALIK ◽  
R. KHAN ◽  
H. KHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Hybrid Maize

ABSTRACT Maize crop (Zea mays) is facing lots of problems from different pests throughout Asia, including Pakistan. Weed infestation is one of the serious pests that remarkably decrease the grain yield in maize. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, the trend of maize hybrid cultivation is gaining the attention of the farmers due to its higher production. Therefore, in this research we tested herbicides (Stomp 330 E, Dual gold 960 EC, 2,4-D, ester) in maize hybrids (P-3025, P-32T78, P-3203). The experiment was done in RCB design with split plots arrangement, where maize hybrids were kept in main plots, while herbicides were assigned to the subplots. Each treatment was repeated three times at the New Developmental Farm (NDF), at the Peshawar University of Agriculture, Pakistan. Results revealed that both hybrids and herbicides significantly increased plant height, biological yield and grain yield. However, the lowest weed density (142.50 m-2) was observed in Dual Gold 960 EC treated plots. Similarly, plant height (247.188 cm) and grain yield (2.253 ton ha-1) was maximum in maize hybrid P-3025 and Dual gold treated plots. From the instant experiment, it is concluded that the Dual gold 960 EC herbicide is declared as the best herbicide for weed suppression in maize, while maize hybrid P-3025 was the best hybrid giving maximum yield in the study.

scholarly journals Selection of best lines and hybrids on the basis of genetic variability analysis in Maize (Zea mays L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Ankit Kumar ◽  
Amit Tomar
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Variability Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

The results revealed that parents namely, TSK-10, TSK-27, New Blue-II, Kurara and TSK-109 were found highly genetic diverse for days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, days to 755 dry husk. The parents namely, TSK-109, Kurara, New Blue-II and TSK-10 were found highly genetic diverse for plant height (cm), cob height, number of cobs per plant and number of grains per cob. The parents namely, Kurara, TSK-109, TSK-10, New Blue-II and TSK-27 were found highly genetic diverse for shelling percentage, grain yield per plant, grain yield per cob and 100-grain weight.

scholarly journals Fertilización Con Potasio Y Fosfitos, Sobre El Rendimiento De Maíz Duro (Zea Mays) En La Zona Subcentral Litoral

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Álvaro Lamilla Arana ◽  
Eduardo Colina Navarrete ◽  
Carlos Castro Arteaga ◽  
Danilo Santana Aragone ◽  
Guillermo García Vásquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Hybrid Corn ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
San Juan County ◽  
Muriate Of Potash

The investigation evaluated the effect of fertilizers potásicos with fosfitos on the yield of grain of hard corn (Zea mays L.), in the Property "Santiago", located in the Km 26 way Babahoyo-San Juan, county of Los Ríos. A rehearsal settled down in the hybrid corn DK-7088, measuring the answer from the corn to the application of fertilizers potasic and fhosphite, to determine the dose with more effect on the production. 19 treatments were proven with Chloride of potassium, Sulfate of potassium and Nitrate of potassium, with fhosphite of Calcium, Magnesium and Potassium, more a witness without applications. The used experimental design was complete Blocks at random in three repetitions, the evaluated variables were subjected to the variancia analysis, and the test was applied from Tukey to 95% of probability. The evaluated parameters were: plant height, days to flowering, longitude and ear diameter and yield for hectare. Found increases in grain yield with three treatments, highlighting the treatment with the application of muriate of potash in conjunction with Calcium phosphide (9451,65 kg ha1 ). The results indicate the possibility of increases of more than 49% in relation to the witness (6339 kg ha1 ) where there was applied the treatments.

scholarly journals Action of auxin inhibitors on growth and grain yield of soybean

Revista CERES ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gederson Luiz Buzzello ◽  
Michelangelo Muzell Trezzi ◽  
José Abramo Marchese ◽  
Elouize Xavier ◽  
Edemir Miotto Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Soybean Plants

Soybean genotypes grown in sub-tropical climate may exhibit lodging. The plant lodging is influenced by soil type and fertility level, sowing date, latitude and altitude of the location, plant population and conditions of crop development. Plant regulators and herbicides are able to avoid or reduce plant lodging. This study aimed to verify the effects of the growth regulators TIBA and daminozide on vegetative growth and yield of soybean cultivar CD 214 RR. The experiment was carried out at a field in randomized block design with four replications in a factorial scheme. The A factor was represented by the combination of regulators TIBA and daminozide and its concentrations, and the Factor B was seven times of evaluation of injury and plant height or eight times of evaluation of lodging. In the range of doses used, the application of daminozide resulted in greater injury to soybean plants than TIBA. The smaller plant height was achieved by the application of 6 g ha-1 of TIBA and 1200 g ha-¹ of daminozide. Treatments with daminozide (100 g ha-¹) and TIBA (10 g ha-1) stood out due to the reduced lodging of soybean plants. Grain weight increased linearly when the levels of TIBA increased. There was a negative correlation between lodging and grain yield and a positive correlation between plant height and lodging. There was also a negative correlation between injury caused by the application of plant regulators and lodging.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilization impact on agronomic traits of maize hybrids released at different decades

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 757-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Sangoi ◽  
Márcio Ender ◽  
Altamir Frederico Guidolin ◽  
Milton Luiz de Almeida ◽  
Valmor Antônio Konflanz
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Use

Genetic selection of maize hybrids is often conducted using high N rates during the breeding cycle. This procedure may either lead to the release of genotypes that present nitrogen luxury consumption or require a stronger N input to accomplish their yield potential. This work was carried out to evaluate the effects of N rates on grain yield and N use efficiency of hybrids cultivated in different decades in Southern Brazil. The trial was performed in Lages, Santa Catarina State. A split plot design was used. Hybrids Ag 12, Ag 28, Ag 303 and Ag 9012, released during the 60's, 70's, 80's and 90's, respectively, were evaluated in the main plots. Nitrogen rates equivalent to 0, 50, 100 and 200 kg ha-1 were side-dressed in the split-plots when each hybrid had six fully expanded leaves. Modern-day hybrid Ag 9012 had higher grain yield than hybrids of earlier eras, regardless of N rates. Under high doses of N, the older hybrids Ag 12 and Ag 28 took up more N and presented higher values of shoot dry matter at flowering than Ag 9012. Nonetheless, they set less grains per ear which contributed to decrease their grain yield and N use efficiency.

Identification of QTLs for plant height, ear height and grain yield in maize (Zea mays L.) in response to nitrogen and phosphorus supply

2012 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongguang Cai ◽  
Qun Chu ◽  
Riliang Gu ◽  
Lixing Yuan ◽  
Jianchao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Ear Height

Bromoxynil tolerance during the seedling phase is associated with genetic grain yield improvement in maize

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tollenaar ◽  
M. Mihajlovic
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Highly Correlated

Genetic grain yield improvement of maize (Zea mays L.) in Ontario during the past three decades can be attributed, in part, to increased tolerance to environmental stresses. We have observed a differential response of field-grown old and new hybrids after application of the photosystem II inhibiting herbicide bromoxynil (4-hydroxy-3,5-dibromobenzonitrile). Studies were conducted to test whether tolerance to bromoxynil is associated with stress tolerance and grain yield in maize hybrids representing three decades of yield improvement in Ontario. Experiments were carried out with seedlings of eight maize hybrids grown in pots in controlled-environment growth cabinets and, in one experiment, with seedlings grown in pots outside during the months of July and August at Guelph, Ontario. Bromoxynil was applied to the youngest fully-expanded leaf of plants at the 6- to 8-leaf stage and chlorophyll fluorescence of the treated leaves was measured in the 2- to 24-h period after bomoxynil application. Results showed that the chlorophyll fluorescence ratio Fv/Fm, an indicator of photosynthetic efficiency, declined after bromoxynil application until 4 h after application and, subsequently, recovered slightly during the next 20 h. Large differences in the Fv/Fm ratio were apparent among hybrids in the response to bromoxynil. The Fv/Fm ratio was significantly higher for hybrids released in the 1980s than for hybrids released in the 1970s, and the Fv/Fm ratio of the latter group was significantly higher than that of the four oldest hybrids. Chlorophyll fluorescence ratios Fv/Fm after bromoxynil application in the seedling phase were highly correlated with grain yield of the hybrids in field experiments conducted during 1987 and 1988 (r = 0.91). Results of this study support the contention that maize genotypes that are less sensitive to bromoxynil are less susceptible to environmental stresses. Key words: Zea mays L., stress tolerance, bromoxynil, chlorophyll fluorescence, Fv/Fm ratio, detoxifying agents

Some factors influencing the development of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under dry-farming systems in Sudan

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Khalifa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
The Other ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Rainfed Conditions

SUMMARYAn experiment was carried out over a 3-year period at two locations in the central rainlands of Sudan under rainfed conditions at one site and under supplementary irrigation at the other to study the effects of cultivars and cultural practices on growth and grain yield of sunflower. Four cultivars, namely, Manohurian, Peredovik, Hungarian-A and Hungarian-B and four intra-row spacings of 15, 30, 45 and 60 cm (in rows 60 cm apart) were tested with three sowing dates starting on 15 July and following at 15-day intervals. Manchurian outyielded the other three varieties under supplementary irrigation whereas under rainfed conditions the reverse was true. This was attributed to the relative earliness in flowering of the varieties and their moisture requirements. Manchurian was the tallest with the thickest stem and a larger head at both locations compared with the other three varieties. Under rainfed conditions, the early sowing date of 15 July gave a significantly higher grain yield than the other two sowing dates, with the last sowing date of 15 August giving significantly least. This is attributed to decreasing moisture availability with delayed sowings. But under supplementary irrigation the effect of sowing date was less marked. Contrasting effects of sowing dates on plant height and stem circumference were obtained under the two systems of production. Under rainfed conditions there was a decrease in plant height and stem circumference with delayed sowing, whereas under supplementary irrigation the reverse was true. A contrasting response of plant height to spacing was also obtained; wider intra-row spacing was associated with taller plants under rainfed conditions and shorter plants under supplementary irrigation. Wider spacing was associated with thicker stems and larger heads at both locations. On the evidence obtained, 45 cm intra-row spacing is recommended for rainfed planting and 30 cm intra-row spacing for irrigated production of sunflower.

scholarly journals Agronomic Performance and Genetic Divergence in Corn (Zea mays) in the Cerrado-Amazon Ecotone

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rafael Marcelino Da Silva ◽  
Weder Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Matheus Rodrigues de Andrade ◽  
Zildiney Dantas Da Silva ◽  
Layanni Ferreira Sodré Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Multivariate Model ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Generalized Distance

The objective of this work is to study the agronomic performance and genetic divergence in corn in the Cerrado-Amazon ecotone. The trials were conducted in the 2017/18 harvest at a property in the state of Pará. The experimental design was a randomized block with nine treatments and three replications, where the treatments are represented by nine cultivars of corn. The characteristics to evaluate agronomic performance and genetic divergence were: ear height (cm), plant height (cm), ear length (cm), ear diameter (mm), number of rows, number of grains per row and grain yield (kg ha−1). The cultivars were separated into a multivariate model in five groups using the Tocher optimization method. The cultivar AG 1051 showed the best agronomic performance. The results of genetic divergence were according to the generalized distance of Mahalanobis (D2), with the commences AG 8088 x CATIVERDE and AG 1051 x AL BANDEIRANTE, the most promising for future crosses.

scholarly journals Dynamics of chlorophyll and N concentration on e0 and e3 leaves of maize hybrids in winter in subtropical region

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nav Raj Adhikari ◽  
Surya Kant Ghimire ◽  
Shrawan Kumar Sah ◽  
Keshab Babu Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Subtropical Region ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Light Absorbance

National maize productivity is very low in Nepal. To increase its productivity, hybrid maize breeding and their cultivation are indispensible. For it, fifteen newly bred single cross hybrids of yellow maize were examined to select superior high GYHs (grain yielding hybrids) from the standpoint grain yielding potentiality. In addition, dynamics of chl, N conc and red light absorbance-transmittance (RAT) have also examined from the standpoint of chl, N conc and RAT measure and their effects on grain yield (GY). For it, a trial of RCBD experiment was conducted in open field in winter in subtropical region in Nepal. Seeds were sown on October 3, 2012 plot in two row plot area of 1.4 x 3.0 m2. After anthesis, observations of chl and N conc implying RAT (red light absorbance-transmittance) SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis and Development) measures were taken from the topmost ear (e0 or E0) and third (e3 or E3) leaf above the e0 leaf in ten days interval during entire grain filling (GF). SPAD measures were transformed to total chl and N conc. E0 leaf has been found more grain yield determining than e3 leaf and terminal GF has been found more determining than early GF from the standpoint of correlation coefficients (r ) of GYs with chl, N conc and SPAD measure. From pooled variance analysis; SPAD and chl conc were not significant different in the two leaves and among the hybrids (Hybrids x Leaves x Ages). But, the SPAD and chl conc were significant different among the two leaves and ages (Leaves x Ages) irrespective of the hybrids. Different to the SPAD and chl conc, N conc was significant different in the leaves among the hybrids with respect to ages of the plants among the fifteen hybrids (Hybrids x Leaves x Ages). Thirteen top high GYHs 8, 12, 11, 13, 5, 6, 10, 1, 7, 14, 2, 9 and 15 were non-significant different from the standpoint of GY. The SPAD measures were in the non-significant range of 51-55 in e0 leaf in the duration from 95 to 125 d among the fifteen hybrids (FHs). Among the top four high GYHs 8, 12, 11 and 13; hybrid 11 lost chl and N from e0 leaf significantly on 135th d relative to the most of the hybrids. It means that the hybrid 11 could efficiently degrade N containing soluble protein and chl even on e0 leaf relatively. Top listed five high GYHs 8, 12, 11, 5 and 6 (except 13) constantly maintained chl and N conc implying SPAD on the e0 leaf up to the 135th d. In addition, it implies that these five hybrids sent newly up-taken N to kernels without degradation of the proteins and chl from the e0 leaf till the age of 135 d. High GYH 8 had degraded soluble proteins and enzymes and chl conc on e3 leaf and mobilized the degraded N to the kernels more efficiently from the e3 leaf. It is not necessary that maize hybrids must constantly maintain soluble proteins and chl conc during most of early to mid GF for high GY. Instead, diagnostic decline of the soluble protein and chl conc during early to mid GF also accelerate GF phenomena.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document