<p>ABSTRAK<br />Sampai saat ini informasi pengaruh jarak tanam dan dosis pupuk<br />terhadap produktivitas, dan viabilitas benih nilam (Pogostemon cablin<br />Benth) masih terbatas. Untuk itu penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan<br />mendapatkan jarak tanam dan dosis pupuk yang optimum untuk produksi<br />benih/setek nilam. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan (KP)<br />Sukamulya, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Industri Lain (Balittri),<br />Pakuwon, Parungkuda, Sukabumi, dari Januari sampai November 2010.<br />Percobaan faktorial, dengan tiga faktor dan tiga ulangan, disusun dalam<br />rancangan petak terbagi dua kali (RPPT). Petak utama adalah dua varietas<br />nilam yaitu Sidikalang dan Lhokseumawe. Anak petak adalah tiga jarak<br />tanam yaitu (1) 1 x 0,5 m; (2) 1 x 0,7 m; dan (3) 1 x 1 m. Anak-anak petak<br />adalah dua dosis pemupukan yaitu : 1) 30 ton pupuk kandang, 300 kg urea,<br />150 kg SP-36, dan 300 kg KCl/th, dan 2) 45 ton pupuk kandang, 450 kg<br />urea, 225 kg SP-36, dan 450 kg KCl/th. Ukuran plot 8,4 x 5 m. Parameter<br />yang diamati adalah pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman, jumlah<br />cabang primer, sekunder, dan tersier), produksi benih pertanaman,<br />diameter bagian pangkal, tengah, dan pucuk dari cabang primer dan<br />sekunder, kadar karbohidrat dan serat, dan viabilitas benih setek.<br />Pengamatan dilakukan pada umur enam bulan setelah tanam (6 BST).<br />Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : (1) varietas Sidikalang dengan<br />dosis pemupukan 45 ton pupuk kandang, 450 kg urea, 225 kg SP-36, dan<br />450 kg KCl/th, menghasilkan jumlah cabang primer paling tinggi yaitu<br />14,29; (2) jarak tanam 1 x 0,5 m menghasilkan benih setek tertinggi<br />(73.555 stek/1.000 m 2 ). Rata-rata diameter benih berasal dari pangkal ≥ 5<br />mm, sedangkan rata-rata diameter benih berasal dari pucuk ≥ 4 mm; (3)<br />Viabilitas benih pada 0 dan 4 hari setelah penyimpanan ≥ 80%. Jarak<br />tanam 1 x 0,5 m dengan dosis pupuk kandang sebanyak 30 ton, 300 kg<br />urea, 150 kg SP-36, dan 300 kg KCl pertahun merupakan dosis yang<br />optimal untuk produksi benih/setek nilam. Kombinasi perlakuan<br />pemupukan 30 ton pupuk kandang, 300 kg urea, 150 kg SP-36, 300 kg<br />KCl/th dengan jarak tanam 1 x 0,5 m menghasilkan keuntungan tertinggi<br />yaitu: Rp 6.668.500 dengan nilai B/C 2,05.<br />Kata kunci : Pogostemon cablin Benth, jarak tanam, pemupukan,<br />produksi, kualitas benih/setek</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Effect of Spacing and Fertilizer Dosages on Production<br />and Viability of Patchouli Cutting Seeds<br />Information on the effect of plant density and fertilizer dosage on<br />the production and viability of patchouli seeds is still limited. This<br />experiment was aimed at finding out optimum plant spacing and fertilizer<br />dosage for improving production and quality of patchouli cutting seeds.<br />The experiment was conducted at Sukamulya experimental station of<br />Indonesian Spice and Industrial Crops Research Institute (ISICRI),<br />Pakuwon, Sukabumi from January through November 2010. This<br />experiment was consisted of three factors and three replicates and was<br />arranged in a split-split-plot design. The main plots were two varieties of<br />patchouli, i.e. V1 = Sidikalang and V2 = Lhokseumawe. The sub plots<br />were three plant spacing dimentions, i.e. S1 (1 x 0.5 m), S2 (1 x 0.7 m),<br />and S3 (1 x 1 m). The sub-sub plots were two levels of fertilizer dosage,<br />i.e. F1 (manure; urea, SP-36, and KCl of 30 t; 450, 225, and 450 kg/ha,<br />respectively) and F2 (manure; urea, SP-36, and KCl of 45 t; 300, 150, and<br />450 kg/year, respectively). Variables observed were plant growth (plant<br />height; number of primary, secondary, and tertiary branches), seed<br />productivity and viability, diameter of bottom, medium, and upper of<br />cutting seeds. The results of experiment indicated that Sidikalang variety,<br />treated with 45 tons of manure, 450 kg urea, 225 kg SP-36, and 450 kg<br />KCl per hectare produced the highest number of primary branches<br />compared to other treatments. Plant spacing of 1 x 0.5 m produced the<br />highest number of cutting seeds (73,555 stumps/1,000m 2 ). The averaged<br />diameters of cutting seeds from basal were ≥ 5 mm while those from top<br />were ≥ 4 mm. Viability of the cutting seeds at 0 and 4 days after storage<br />was ≥ 80%. Plant spacing 1 x 0.5 m with dosage of fertilizer 30 ton dung<br />manure, 300 kg urea, 150 kg SP-36, and 300 kg KCl per year is the dosage<br />optimum for producing seed/cutting of patchouli. Combination of fertilizer<br />dosages of 30 tons manure, 300 kg urea, 150 kg SP-36, and 300 kg KCl<br />per year and plant spacing of 1 x 0.5 m produced the highest profit as<br />much as Rp 6,668,500 with B/C value of 2.05.<br />Key words: Pogostemon cablin Benth, plant spacing, fertilizer,<br />production, cutting seed quality</p>
Quinoa for the Brazilian Cerrado: Agronomic Characteristics of Elite Genotypes under Different Water Regimes