Nitrogen fertilizer and wheat in a semi-arid environment. 1. Effect on yield

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (28) ◽  
pp. 453 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Russell
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Comparable Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Semi Arid

Response experiments with Gabo wheat at four rates of ammonium sulphate (0, 11.5, 23, and 46 lb N an acre) were carried out at a number of widely-spread locations in the cereal growing areas of South Australia during six seasons in the period 1956-61. Considerable variability in grain and grain + straw yield and in the observed response to nitrogen fertilizer was found. Season and site effects were marked and season-site interactions were also observed. The mean grain yield response was 8.7, 7.2, and 5.1 lb grain for each lb of nitrogen applied as fertilizer at the rates of 11.5, 23, and 46 lb N an acre. These mean values are lower than those reported for other more humid wheat growing areas, but there are conditions where response is at a comparable level. The main difficulty lies in predicting these situations. Several aspects of the use of nitrogen fertilizer in a semi-arid environment are discussed.

scholarly journals Variability of morphometric leaf characteristics of black poplar from the area of Vojvodina

2014 ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dijana Cortan ◽  
Mirjana Sijacic-Nikolic ◽  
Radmila Knezevic
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Interpopulation Variability ◽  
Black Poplar ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Populations

A morphological study of intra and interpopulation variability of black poplar leaves was conducted in two populations in the area of Vojvodina. Nine morphometric parameters of leaves have been analyzed. The results indicate that there is considerable variability within and between the populations. Morphological differentiation is clearly represented with the average values of analyzed parameters and a statistically significant difference between the mean values. On the basis of the obtained data, it has been concluded that the variability within the two populations is much more expressed than the variability between them. The uniformity of environmental conditions of the studied locations indicates that this variability is a consequence of the specific gene pool of the studied populations.

Maximizing maize quality, productivity and profitability through a combined use of compost and nitrogen fertilizer in a semi-arid environment in Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahid Iqbal ◽  
Christian Thierfelder ◽  
Haroon Zaman Khan ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Rashad Javeed ◽  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Semi Arid

Sulfur and nitrogen responses by barley and wheat on a sandy soil in a semi-arid environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 894
Author(s):  
M. K. Conyers ◽  
J. E. Holland ◽  
B. Haskins ◽  
R. Whitworth ◽  
G. J. Poile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Semi Arid

Soil testing guidelines for sulfur (S) under dryland cropping in south-eastern Australia are not well developed. Our objective was to assess the value of soil and tissue tests for S and nitrogen (N), because the two minerals frequently interact), in predicting S-deficient sites and hence increasing the probability of response to application of S (and N). Here, we report three proximal experiments in 2014–16 for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on a sandy soil in a semi-arid environment near Merriwagga in western New South Wales. The trials contained a factorial combination of four rates of each of applied N as urea and S as high-grade gypsum. Responses to S were obtained for dry matter (DM) quantity and nutrient content at flowering in 2014, but no grain-yield response was obtained in any year. DM response to applied S was obtained when the concentration of S in the DM was increased from 0.08% in barley and 0.09% in wheat without S application to 0.10–0.11% in both crops with S applied as gypsum. Because we obtained no grain-yield responses to applied S, the 0.10% S in grain was likely to have been adequate for both crops in these experiments. A pool of subsoil S was accessed during each season and this compensated for any DM deficiencies of S by the time of grainfill. Shallow soil tests (0–10 cm) for S can therefore indicate sufficiency but not necessarily deficiency; therefore, in grain-cropping areas, we recommend soil S tests on the same samples as used for deep N testing (to 60 cm) and that an S-budgeting approach be used following the soil tests. Furthermore, for marginal nutritional circumstances such as occurred in this study, the supporting use of N:S ratio is recommended, with values >17 in DM or grain likely to indicate S deficiency for both barley and wheat.

Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, 1952 (Nematoda: Tylenchida) from Argentina. 4. Morphological and morphometrical characterisation of cysts

Nematology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 783-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Doucet ◽  
Paola Lax
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Body Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Populations

AbstractCysts of Heterodera glycines races 1 and 3, collected in two localities in Argentina, were morphologically and morphometrically characterised. Although the morphological characters showed considerable variability, they were not useful in differentiating the populations. Most of the morphometrical characters showed a certain degree of variability and presented differences from values of other known populations of the species. No significant differences were observed between the mean values of the two populations, except for the characters' body length and body diameter.

scholarly journals Does Elevated [CO2] Only Increase Root Growth in the Topsoil? A FACE Study with Lentil in a Semi-Arid Environment

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Maryse Bourgault ◽  
Sabine Tausz-Posch ◽  
Mark Greenwood ◽  
Markus Löw ◽  
Samuel Henty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Semi Arid

Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations [CO2] are increasing steadily. Some reports have shown that root growth in grain crops is mostly stimulated in the topsoil rather than evenly throughout the soil profile by e[CO2], which is not optimal for crops grown in semi-arid environments with strong reliance on stored water. An experiment was conducted during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons with two lentil (Lens culinaris) genotypes grown under Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) in which root growth was observed non-destructively with mini-rhizotrons approximately every 2–3 weeks. Root growth was not always statistically increased by e[CO2] and not consistently between depths and genotypes. In 2014, root growth in the top 15 cm of the soil profile (topsoil) was indeed increased by e[CO2], but increases at lower depths (30–45 cm) later in the season were greater than in the topsoil. In 2015, e[CO2] only increased root length in the topsoil for one genotype, potentially reflecting the lack of plant available soil water between 30–60 cm until recharged by irrigation during grain filling. Our limited data to compare responses to e[CO2] showed that root length increases in the topsoil were correlated with a lower yield response to e[CO2]. The increase in yield response was rather correlated with increases in root growth below 30 cm depth.

Relation of the Saluresis of Urea and Mannitol Loading to the Normal Excretion of Electrolyte

1957 ◽  
Vol 191 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clark D. West ◽  
Ruth K. Bayless
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Electrolyte Excretion ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Titratable Acid ◽  
Identical Manner ◽  
Chloride Excretion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ammonia Bicarbonate ◽  
Solute Excretion

In hydrated dogs subjected to mild solute diuresis with mannitol and urea, the patterns of change in the course of the experiments in the ratios of sodium and chloride excretion to total solute excretion were not significantly different from those observed in control experiments conducted in an identical manner but in which no solute load was imposed. In hydrated, mildly acidotic dogs a similar result was obtained if only the mean values of the data are considered; in individual experiments loading produced considerable fluctuations in the ratios as compared with control experiments. Hydropenic animals, on the other hand, showed an increase in the sodium:total solute ratio with loading but the chloride:total solute ratio was not significantly affected. The potassium: total solute ratio was, in general, also independent of solute diuresis. In the hydropenic and hydrated acidotic animals the ratio was unaffected by loading but in the hydrated nonacidotic animals, considerable variability in excretion made interpretation of the ratios difficult. Ratios calculated in a similar manner for titratable acid, ammonia, bicarbonate and phosphorus all fell with loading. Reductions in filtration rate occasioned by urea loading had no effect on the ratios for sodium, potassium and chloride. The data appear to provide a link between the saluresis of solute loading and the normal excretion of electrolyte and suggest that the saluresis is simply a magnified operation of the normal mechanism concerned with electrolyte. The ratio of electrolyte to total solute would appear to be of physiological significance, differing from other parameters of electrolyte excretion in that it is independent of at least moderate fluctuations in the rate of nonelectrolyte excretion.

Comparison of total tuber yields from inner and guard rows used in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) fertiliser experiments

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
NA Maier ◽  
AB Frensham ◽  
KSR Chapman ◽  
CMJ Williams
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Total tuber yields were compared for inner and outer (guard) rows from 4 phosphorus (P) and 3 nitrogen (N) field experiments conducted during 1985-86 in South Australia, and from 5 N and 2 potassium (K) field experiments conducted during 1985-86 and 1987-88 in Tasmania. All fertiliser treatments were banded along the rows, either at planting or part at planting and the remainder sidedressed after emergence. The inter-row spacings were in the range 76-86 cm and the cultivars used were Kennebec, Coliban and Russet Burbank. Analysis showed that at only 1 of the 14 sites (site 6 in South Australia) was the mean total tuber yield for the inner 2 rows significantly (P<0.01) less than the mean total tuber yield for all 4 rows. However, the difference was small (0.8 t/ha or 1.9%) and of little practical importance. The relationships between mean (� s.e.) total tuber yield and rate (kg/ha) of applied nutrient (0-240 P, 0-320 N, 0-400 K) for inner and guard rows showed that differences between means were small and usually within standard error ranges at all sites. There were no consistent differences in the magnitudes of the standard errors of the means for inner and guard rows for all rates and types of nutrient applied. No significant cross-feeding occurred in these fertiliser experiments, which suggests that omission of guard rows from experiments where the fertiliser treatments are applied along the rows should not result in serious errors of interpretation of tuber yield response.

Nitrogen content of wheat grain as as indication of potential yield response to nitrogen fertilizer

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Russell
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Grain Nitrogen

Examination of results from a large number of experiments in the wheat growing areas of South Australia has shown a relation between grain yield response to nitrogen fertilizer and both grain nitrogen percentage and the ratio. (Yield of grain)/(Amount of nitrogen in grain and straw) of corresponding unfertilized wheat plants. With Gabo, large yield responses to nitrogen fertilizer were associated with grain nitrogen percentages of less than 2.0 per cent N (9.9 per cent protein). Above 2.3 per cent N (11.3 per cent protein) positive responses to nitrogen were small and some negative responses were found. Similar overall trend were shorn by Insignia 49, Sabre and Quadrat. Exponential regression equations were calculated for Gabo allowing prediction of grain yield response at rates up to 46 lb fertilizer N an acre under conditions which result in grain protein contents of 7.5 to 16 per cent. Most profitable rates of nitrogen fertilizer application were also calculated for several different fertilizer-grain price levels. Possible value of the nitrogen content of wheat grain in the selection of regions, soil types, and cultural practices where nitrogen fertilizer may be used is discussed.

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