The partial replacement of soybean meal by amino acids in pig rations based on wheat and sorghum

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (39) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Beames ◽  
PM Pepper
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Slaughter Weight

In five experiments involving 104 pigs, rations consisting of grain and 15 per cent soyhean meal as the major components were compared with rations of grain plus 7.5 per cent soybean meal in combination with lysine and methionine. In three of the experiments, comparisons were also made between wheat and sorghum as basal grains. The results showed a response in growth rate and feed efficiency to the addition of 0.24 per cent L-lysine HCl.2H2O either with or without 0.20 per cent DL-methionine to rations of grain plus 7.5 per cent soybean meal. From weaning to 45 kg body weight the growth rates of pigs fed these amino acidsupplemented rations were consistently less than those obtained with pigs fed the grain plus 15 per cent soybean meal rations, although not always significantly so. From 45 kg to the final slaughter weight of approximately 90 kg, only in one experiment were the results obtained with the rations containing 7.5 per cent soybean meal plus amino acids significantly less than those obtained with the 15 per cent soybean meal rations. Where comparisons were made between wheat and sorghum, the wheat-based rations consistently produced better growth rates and feed efficiencies, and in one experiment better carcase measurements.

A comparison between barley and sorghum when combined with soybean meal or meat and bone meal in rations for growing pigs

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (40) ◽  
pp. 482 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Beames ◽  
JO Sewell
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Large White ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Two experiments are reported. In the first experiment, 48 Large White pigs were individually fed from 22.2 to 86.5 kg bodyweight, with rations containing either sorghum or barley in combination with 16.6, 13.8, 10.7, or 7.4 per cent soybean meal. Type of grain did not affect growth rate or feed efficiency but carcase measurements indicated that the barley-fed pigs were leaner. There were no significant differences in growth rate or feed efficiency between the 16.6 per cent and 13.8 per cent soybean meal rations before 45 kg bodyweight or between the 16.6 per cent, 13.8 per cent, or 10.7 per cent soybean meal rations after 45 kg bodyweight, but all rations containing the three higher levels of soybean meal gave significantly better growth rate and feed efficiency than the rations containing 7.4 per cent soybean meal for both bodyweight ranges. Final results showed no significant differences between the 16.6 per cent and the 13.8 per cent soybean meal rations in growth rate, feed efficiency, or carcase measurements of pigs receiving these rations, but growth data and carcase measurements were poorer with the two lower levels of soybean meal supplementation. In the second experiment, 40 Berkshire pigs were individually fed barley or sorghum grain with 15 per cent soybean meal or 20 per cent of one of three meat and bone meals. Pigs were fed from 25.8 to 74.0 kg bodyweight. The sorghum-based rations gave significantly better growth rates and feed efficiencics than the barley-based rations after 45 kg bodyweight, but carcase appraisal indicated greater lean content in the barley-fed pigs. Growth rates and feed efficiencies obtained with rations containing two of the meat and bone meals were significantly (P<0.05) less than values obtained with the rations containing soybean meal. Pigs fed the third meat and bone meal grew only slightly more slowly than those fed soybean meal. Type of supplement had no effect on carcase measurements.

Supplementation of a low protein diet in an attempt to optimize egg mass output

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Summers ◽  
J. L. Atkinson ◽  
D. Spratt
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Low Protein

Pullets were brought into production on a low-protein corn, soybean meal diet to which various nutrients including essential amino acids, choline, corn oil and feathermeal were supplemented. Production commenced between 18 and 20 wk of age and up to at least 60% production, hens fed the low protein diets (10% CP) produced at least as many eggs and as great an egg mass as these given a 17% protein corn, soybean meal control diet. Pullets fed the corn, soybean meal test diets, peaked at around 80% as compared to slightly over 90% for the control. Egg production immediately fell for birds fed the test diets to around 70% for most of the test treatments. Body weight remained constant or fell after peak production for birds fed the test diets as compared to a normal increase for birds on the control diet. Egg size increased for the test diets at a rate which was comparable to that of the control birds. In a second experiment, with older hens, supplementation of the 10% protein test diet with methionine, lysine, arginine and tryptophan, resulted in intakes of these amino acids which met NRC minimum requirement levels. However, egg mass output was reduced approximately 11% compared to the 17% protein control diet. While intakes of several essential amino acids fell below requirement levels, the degree that valine was calculated to be deficient in both experiments corresponded closely with the reduction in egg mass output of hens fed the test as compared to the control diet. Key words: Lysine, methionine, egg weight, body weight, hens.

scholarly journals Nutritional Evaluation of Crambe Meal as a Partial Replacement of Soybean Meal in Nile Tilapia Diets

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamilton Hisano ◽  
Pamela Souza de Pietro ◽  
Márcia Mayumi Ishikawa ◽  
Alex Júnio da Silva Cardoso ◽  
Arielle Cristina Arena
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crambe Meal ◽  
Total Plasma Protein ◽  
Fillet Yield

Abstract This study evaluated the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of crambe meal (CM) and its potential to partially replace soybean meal (SM) protein in Nile tilapia diets. The ADC for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, energy, amino acids, calcium and phosphorus of CM were assessed in fish (n=80; 65.30 ± 5.32 g). Subsequently, an 80-day feeding trial was conducted with Nile tilapia (n=140; 6.04 ± 0.25 g) randomly distributed in 20 experimental cages (70 L; seven fish cage-1) allocated in five circular tanks (1000 L) in recirculation water system, to evaluate the effects of replacement of SM by CM (0, 6, 12, 18 and 24% in isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets) on growth, blood parameters, fillet yield and proximal composition. The CM shows good digestibility of protein (0.824) and amino acids (0.844) by Nile tilapia and its inclusion in the diet does not affect carcass and fillet yield or proximal composition. Fish fed diets with 24.0% of the SM replaced by CM showed the worst weight gain and feed conversion rate. The protein efficiency ratio decreased in fish fed diets with 12.0, 18.0 and 24.0% of the SM replaced by CM. Hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, total plasma protein, glucose and alanine aminotransferase enzyme activity trend to increase at highest levels of CM in the diet. In conclusion, CM has potential to replace SM in Nile tilapia diets, due to high digestibility of protein and amino acids. However, anti-nutritional factors present in untreated CM interfere on the growth and nutrient utilization of Nile tilapia.

The production characteristics of the indigenous Imroz and Kivircik sheep breeds in Turkey

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yilmaz ◽  
M. Ozcan ◽  
B. Ekiz ◽  
A. Ceyhan ◽  
A. Altine
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Production Characteristics

SummaryThis study was carried out to investigate the fertility, milk production and body weight of ewes and the survival and growth characteristics of lambs of the indigenous Imroz and Kivircik sheep breeds. The Imroz and Kivircik sheep breeds are included among the genetic resources in the project for the conservation of the indigenous breeds in Turkey.Conception rates for Imroz and Kivircik ewes were 57.6% and 81.7% respectively, litter sizes were 1.2 and 1.2 respectively, milk yields were 89 kg and 62 kg respectively and average live weights (2–7 years of age) were 43 kg and 55 kg, respectively. Imroz and Kivircik lambs had survival rates at weaning (90th day) of 98% and 96%, birth weights of 3.3 kg and 4.1 kg and weaning weights of 19.8 kg and 28.0 kg, respectively.The results showed that the Kivircik sheep were heavier and the lambs had a better growth rate until weaning than the Imroz breed. However, the milk production of the Imroz ewes was higher than that of Kivircik. The lambs of both breeds had a satisfactory survival and growth rates until weaning and these results might be regarded as a desired adaptation of the Imroz and Kivircik lambs to the environmental conditions of the Marmara Region.

Effect of micronization on energy, starch and amino acid digestibility in hulless barley for young pigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. X. Huang ◽  
W. C. Sauer ◽  
M. Pickard ◽  
S. Li ◽  
R. T. Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Hulless Barley ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids

Studies were carried out to determine the effect of micronization on energy, starch and amino acid digestibilities in hulless barley. Six pigs (Canabrid × Camborough) were weaned at 21 d of age and fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum on days 23 or 24. The pigs were fed one of three diets with major constituents of hulless barley and soybean meal (HB + SBM), micronized hulless barley and soybean meal (MHB + SBM) and corn starch and soybean meal (C + SBM) according to a repeated Latin square design. The pigs were fed three times daily, equal amounts at 8-h intervals. The diets were supplied at a rate of 5% (wt/wt) of body weight. The average body weight of the pigs was 9.3 kg at start and 15.9 kg at the conclusion of the experiment at 58 d of age. Faeces were collected for 48 h on days 6 and 7 and ileal digesta for 24 h on days 8 and 9. Chromic oxide was used as digestibility marker. The apparent ileal amino acid digestibilities in HB and MHB were determined by the difference method. The apparent ileal digestibilities of the indispensable amino acids were higher in MHB than in HB and ranged from 5.3 to 10.0 percentage units. Of the indispensable amino acids, the differences were significant (P < 0.05) for arginine, histidine, isoleucine, phenylalanine and valine. Micronization of HB improved (P < 0.05) the ileal digestibility of starch from 79.0 to 97.3%. Micronization resulted in an increase in the digestion of energy in the small intestine and a decrease in microbial fermentation of energy in the large intestine. This shift in the disappearance of energy from the large to the small intestine should also result in an improvement in the efficiency of energy utilization. These studies show a positive effect of micronization on the digestibilities of energy and amino acids in young pigs fed HB. Key words: Micronization, barley, digestibility, pigs

Effect of Growth Rate on Mineral Retention and Body Composition of Growing Lambs

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 102-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wan Zahari ◽  
J K Thompson ◽  
D Scott
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Fast Rate ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Secondary Objective

The effects of plane of nutrition on the body composition of growing sheep are very apparent when animals are compared at the same age following different nutritional histories. These differences are, however, less obvious when animals of the same breed and sex are compared at the same body weight and at present there is some conjecture whether composition is affected by growth rate. This uncertainty is not limited to fat and protein but includes the bone and ash, fraction and the ash composition.The primary objective of this trial was to study the effects of different growth rates achieved by feeding different amounts of the same concentrate diet on the composition of empty-body gain and on the retention of minerals by growing lambs. A secondary objective was to examine the effect of adding supplementary calcium carbonate to the basal diet at the fast rate of growth.

Factors influencing growth of juvenile spruce grouse

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1790-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman W. S. Quinn ◽  
Daniel M. Keppie
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Maternal Influence ◽  
Juvenile Growth ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Differential Timing

The influences of date of hatch, and age and prelaying body weight of brood female on the growth rate of juvenile spruce grouse (Canachites canadensis) were studied in central New Brunswick in 1977 and 1978. Because of differential timing of hatch of broods of adult and yearling females, it was not clear whether a difference in juvenile growth rates during 5–14 days of age in 1977 was related to date of hatch, age of brood female, or both. Differences in juvenile growth rates within and between years apparently were not influenced by body weight of brood females prior to egg laying. Results suggest that posthatch factors are more important in determining growth rate than a prehatch or "maternal" influence.

Inheritance of geographic variation in body size, and countergradient variation in growth rates, in the southern brown bandicoot Isoodon obesulus.

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
ML Hale
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Adaptive Divergence ◽  
Common Environment ◽  
Countergradient Variation ◽  
Large Animals

The inheritance of geographic variation in body size in the southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus) was investigated through a common-environment crossbreeding experiment. The geographic variation in body size is related to habitat type, suggesting that it may be adaptive. Adults from two locations in Western Australia, Perth (large animals) and Albany (small animals), were collected and offspring from both hybrid and non-hybrid matings were reared under controlled conditions. All four variables examined (head length, pes length, ear length and body weight) were found to possess a large genetic component, supporting the interpretation that the geographic variation in size is adaptive. The three length variables initially showed additive genetic variation, although the variation in body weight displayed dominance. Genetically controlled differences in growth rate were also detected, with the smaller animals, found in the relatively poorer environment, possessing the faster intrinsic growth rate. Thus, not only does there appear to be adaptive divergence in initial body size, but the countergradient variation in growth rates provides additional evidence for adaptive divergence in this species.

A comparative study on growth, body composition and carcass tissue distribution in Omani sheep and goats

1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. MAHGOUB ◽  
G. A. LODGE
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Growth, body composition and distribution of carcass tissues were compared in Omani sheep and goats. Animals had ad libitum access to Rhodes-grass hay (8 % CP) and a concentrate diet (16% CP) from weaning until slaughter. The two species had similar birth weights but sheep had higher preweaning (181 g/day), postweaning (175 g/day) and overall (179 g/day) growth rates than goats (120, 102 and 111 g/day, respectively) and thus they reached slaughter weights earlier. Sheep had higher slaughter weight (22·26 kg), empty body weight (20·39 kg), hot carcass weight (12·48 kg) and dressing out percentage (55·94%) than goats (21·17, 18·82, 11·48 kg and 53·97%, respectively). Sheep also had higher proportions of skin, liver and lungs and trachea (P<0·01) than goats, which had higher proportions of head, feet and gut contents. As proportions of carcass weight, sheep had higher fat (25·08%) but lower muscle content (57·24%) than goats (15·72 and 65·88%, respectively). There were no significant differences between the two species in proportion of carcass bone (13·76 and 14·17%). These effects resulted in sheep having a lower muscle: bone ratio (4·19 and 4·68) and higher fat: muscle ratio (0·44 and 0·24). Sheep had higher proportions of non-carcass, carcass and total body fat in the empty body weight (EBW) than goats. However, sheep had less non-carcass but more carcass fat than goats when fats were expressed as proportions of total body fat. Sheep had higher proportions of muscles in the proximal hind limb, distal hind limb (P<0·01), around the spinal column, connecting forelimb to thorax and high-priced muscle group (P<0·05), but lower proportions of muscles in the abdominal wall, proximal forelimb (P<0·05), distal forelimb (P<0·01), connecting neck to forelimb, intrinsic muscles of neck and thorax (P<0·05) and total forequarter muscles (P<0·01) than goats. As proportions in carcass bone, sheep had higher axial skeleton (P<0·05) but lower forelimb than goats. Among species/sex/slaughter weight groups, castrated male and female goats had the lowest growth rates. Castrates and female sheep, particularly at heavier liveweights, had higher carcass and non-carcass fat contents than intact males and goats of all sexes. Although Omani goats produced leaner carcasses and had higher proportions of some non-carcass offals than Omani sheep, they had slower growth rates and a less attractive muscle distribution. This may negatively affect their potential for large scale meat production under Omani conditions.

scholarly journals Componentes não integrantes da carcaça de novilhos terminados em confinamento recebendo ureia protegida ou agrícola em substituição ao farelo de soja

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilmar Dos Santos Cardoso ◽  
Lucas Braido Pereira ◽  
Ana Paula Machado Martini ◽  
Amanda Farias de Moura ◽  
Marcelo Ascoli da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Absolute Weight ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Slow Release Urea

The effect of termination of steers in a feedlot using the total substitution of soybean meal by slow-release or agriculture urea on the non-carcass components was evaluated. Twenty-seven purebred and Charolais × Nellore castrated crossbred steers (mean age 20 months, mean initial weight 293 kg) were allocated to received concentrates containing slow degradation urea, soybean meal, or agricultural urea. The experimental design was in randomized blocks (breed predominance), with three treatments and nine replicates, with the animal being the experimental unit. Diets did not lead to significant differences in empty body weight (EBW). The similarity between treatments was also verified in relation to EBW/slaughter weight, with mean values of 0.87 for treatments containing urea and 0.88 for soybean meal treatment. The gastrointestinal contents, both in absolute weight and in relation to EBW, were similar between the rations evaluated, with mean values of 54.33 kg and 13.52%, respectively. Steers fed with slow-release urea had a 32.8% higher weight of omasum relative to 100 kg of EBW (P < 0.05) compared to the animals fed with soybean meal.

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