Preliminary comparisons of several annual Trifolium species on Kangaroo Island, South Australia

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (59) ◽  
pp. 634 ◽  
Author(s):  
PE Beale ◽  
EJ Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Kabatiella Caulivora ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Clover Scorch

The growth and persistence of a number of accessions of seven species of Trifolium were measured. For the first three years the plots were grazed only to remove excess herbage after sampling. For the following three years they were grazed continuously under commercial conditions. In ungrazed swards the annual dry matter production of accessions of T. cherleri, T. globosum, and T. purpureurn was similar to T. subterraneum cultivars Yarloop and Woogenellup. T. cherleri, T. globosum, and Woogenellup made the bulk of their growth during the spring whereas T. purpureum and Yarloop produced half of their total dry matter during the winter. Good plant densities of T. argutum, T. cherleri, T. purpureum, and T. subterraneum were present at the end of three years continuous grazing, but Woogenellup and all other species were markedly inferior to Yarloop in their contribution to total production at the end of this period. Yarloop and T. purpureum were found to be very susceptible to clover scorch (Kabatiella caulivora) ; Woogenellup was moderately susceptible and the other species were unaffected in the field. All test species had low levels of formononetin in their leaves.

scholarly journals Influence of Sowing Dates and Plant Densities on Dry Matter Production and Nitrogen Uptake of Soybean under South Telangana Climatic Zone of Telangana State, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 2061-2066
Author(s):  
N. Mahesh ◽  
G. Sreenivas ◽  
P. Leela Rani ◽  
Akhilesh Gupta ◽  
P.D. Sreekanth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Climatic Zone ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Telangana State

Variation in Australian and European collections of Trifolium glomeratum L. and the provisional distribution of the species in southern Australia

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Woodward ◽  
FHW Morley
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Flower Growth

Seventy-four lines of Trifolium glomeratum L. from a wide range of Australian and European environments were grown in a glasshouse at Canberra. Time to flower, growth habit, leaf markings, stipule colour, floret colour and dry matter production varied among collections, and within some lines. Numbers of flowers per plant, leaf: stem ratio, and dry matter yields were correlated with days to flower. The variation within the European collection was similar to that within the Australian collection. Time of flowering has probably been important in natural selection in this species, since the date of flowering at Canberra was strongly correlated with date of the end of the growing season (defined by effective rainfall) at the collection site of each ecotype. A survey during 1970 through New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia showed the western limit of spread of T. glomeratum to be through Garah, Burren Junction, Coonamble, Euabalong,Booligal, Moulamein, Beulah, Lake Hindmarsh, Mannum and Jamestown. Extrapolation of climatic restrictions to Western Australia indicated that the species could exist west of Lake Biddy, and possibly north and east to Geraldton and Esperance. The distribution appears to be controlled by the shortest length of growing season in which the species can germinate, grow, and set viable seed.

An evaluation of lucerne lines at the Waite Agricultural Research Institute, South Australia

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (42) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Leach
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Waite Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Plant Trials

One hundred and ten lines of lucerne from regions with Mediterranean and temperate climates have been grown in three spaced-plant trials. The collection represented a wide range of morphological variation from erect to prostrate types, and included wild creeping lucernes. Seasonal growth was compared with or without summer irrigation. Plants were cut or grazed at the frequency usually recommended for lucerne or twice as often. No line consistently yielded more total dry matter than the Australian cultivar, Hunter River, but some from the Mediterranean region yielded more in winter. Persistence was poor in the winter active Mediterranean lines, but good in Hunter River. Frequent cutting decreased persistence, and a six-month period of heavy and continuous grazing eliminated nearly all plants from most lines. Wild, spreading plants from the Mediterranean region showed the best persistence, and persisted well even under the continuous grazing, but their yields were very low. Lines from Spain and Portugal showed sufficient promise to become new cultivars, and they are under further test. Other lines have potential value when breeding for improved seasonal yield or persistence.

Assessment of summer forage crops for sheep by the put-and-take grazing technique

1972 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 825 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Wheeler ◽  
DA Hedges
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
First Year ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Cool Temperate ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake

During three summers a sorghum-Sudan grass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor x S. sudanense) and S. almum were grown at three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 84, or 168 kg N/ha) in a cool temperate environment at Armidale, N.S.W. A pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides) was included in the experiment during one summer and Japanese millet (Echinochloa crus-galli var. frumentacea) in two summers. Differences in dry matter production were non-significant except in one summer when Japanese millet produced almost twice as much as the sorghums. The forages were grazed by young sheep on the put-and-take method. Carrying capacity as judged by this technique was high on all crops except pearl millet but average daily gains were low, the performance on S. almum being generally the poorest. Total production (expressed as metabolizable energy intake) was significantly higher for S. almum than for the hybrid or pearl millet in the first year but there were no significant differences thereafter. Pre-sowing application of anhydrous ammonia did not increase the dry matter available at the first grazing and tended to depress animal performance. Liveweight gain per hectare was significantly reduced by nitrogen in one of the three summers. Residual soil nitrogen subsequently assessed by an oat crop was substantial on plots that had received ammonia. Crop performance measures were computed in various ways and differences between them are discussed. It is tentatively concluded that, of the four crops, Japanese millet has the most potential for use by sheep in this environment.

scholarly journals EFFETS DE LA DENSITE DU PEUPLEMENT ET DE L’APPORT DES ELEMENTS N, P ET K SUR LA PRODUCTION D’ENSILAGE DE MAIS DE MATURITE DIFFERENTE

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-743
Author(s):  
JEAN GENEST ◽  
JEAN-LOUIS DIONNE
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
K Fertilization ◽  
Corn Hybrid

The experiment was designed to measure the effect of corn maturity, plant density, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization on corn silage production. Funk’s G 4252 corn hybrid planted 10 cm apart in rows 75 cm apart produced an average of 18,325 kg/ha of dry matter over 4 yr, when fertilized with 200 kg/ha of N. Nitrogen fertilization, plant density, and choice of hybrid were the most important factors in dry matter production. Yield increases of 30% were associated with a 3% decrease in quality. Optimum yields were predicted for plant densities of 133,000 pl/ha with 180 kg/ha of N. There was no significant response to P and K fertilization. Yearly applications of P at 50 kg/ha allowed an increase in available P in the soil. Even with yearly applications of K at 200 kg/ha, a constant decrease in soil exchangeable K content was observed.

Assessment of annual legumes for pastures in the low rainfall wheatbelt of central western New South Wales

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (82) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Scott ◽  
H Brownlee
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Annual Legumes ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Seed Yields

Dry matter production and seed yields of a range of annual legumes grown in ungrazed swards were measured between 1966 and 1971 on seven sites in the low rainfall wheatbelt of central western New South Wales. Jemalong and Hannaford barrel medics (Medicago truncatula) were the highest yielding medic cultivars tested. Jemalong medic was slightly superior to Hannaford in dry matter production but seed yields were equal. The short season subterranean clovers (Trifolium subterraneum), Dwalganup and Geraldton, yielded much less dry matter and seed than the medics in most experiments. Although the mid-season subterranean clovers, Woogenellup and Clare, persisted for the duration of our experiments, their production was not as consistent as that of the medics, and plant densities decreased. The rose clovers (T. hirtum), Sirint and Kondinin, the cupped clovers (T. cherleri), Beenong and Yamina, and Snail (M. scutellata) and Paragosa (M. rugosa) medics did not produce satisfactory swards.

Grain yield and flowering of some introduced grain legumes in South Australia

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (75) ◽  
pp. 556 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Silsbury
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Lathyrus Cicera ◽  
Genotype A

Data are presented for time of flowering, total shoot dry weight and grain yield of White Brunswick pea (Pisum sativum), six introduced peas and one introduction each of Lathyrus sativus and Lathyrus cicera from ten plot experiments conducted in South Australia over the period 1955-1 960.None of the introduced legumes flowered earlier than White Brunswick peas and only one, possibly, has a greater capacity for higher grain yield. L. cicera on the other hand gave 25 per cent greater yield over all sites and seasons with an average of 2.84 tonne ha-1.The ratio between grain yield and total shoot dry weight varied with genotype and between seasons with a genotype. A low ratio was not always associated with low dry matter production.

The performance of cupped, dry-headed, globe and purple clover on Kangaroo Island, South Australia

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (69) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
PE Beale
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Seed Yields

Trifolium argutum, T. cherleri, T. globosum and T. purpureum were grown in a waterlogged lateritic podsol in competition with self regenerating T. subterraneum cv. Yarloop and subjected to three defoliation treatments. T. purpureum was the most successful introduction and contributed up to 60 per cent of herbage production in the year of sowing, but only 10 per cent in the second year. Defoliation prior to flowering in the year of sowing reduced dry matter production but had only a small effect on seed yields. Regular defoliation in the second year reduced the smothering effect of Yarloop and increased the contribution of the sown species. None of the species tested was a suitable competitor for Yarloop.

Comparison of the Growth and Development of Two Selections of Guar, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub., With Contrasting Branching Patterns

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 385 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Beech ◽  
DA Charles-Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Light Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Branching Patterns ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
The Mean

Two selections of guar, C. tetragonoloba, with contrasting branching patterns were grown at two times of year at each of three plant densities. Although the efficiency with which they used intercepted light energy in the production of new dry matter did not differ between the two selections, or between the treatments, it did appear to increase during the ontogeny of the crops. The gross partitioning of new dry matter between leaves, stems and roots was similar between selections and across treatments, but there were large differences in the mean weights of stem associated with each internode, mean leaf weights and specific leaf areas of the two selections. The results of the analysis of dry matter production and partitioning are discussed in relation to the field performances of the two selections.

Prediction of the influence of water, sowing date and planting density on dry matter production of wheat

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Hanks ◽  
DW Puckridge
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Good Agreement

A water balance model was used to calculate dry matter yields for wheat. The prediction used initial soil water, irrigation, rainfall and pan evaporation as inputs. Leaf area index (LAI) was estimated by an empirical equation and changes in LAI were determined by the ratio of predicted to potential transpiration and relative density. Time of sowing influenced time of maximum LAI. Dry matter production was calculated from equations relating LAI and photosynthesis. The model was tested with data from wheat crops in South Australia which had been grown with large differences in water supply, planting density and sowing date between seasons. There was good agreement between predicted and measured production.

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