Low rates of dicarboximide seed treatment reduce brown spot in narrow-leafed lupin

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Sweetingham
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Disease Reduction ◽  
Disease Pressure

Field experiments at 7 sites over 3 seasons showed that the dicarboximide fungicides iprodione and procymidone could reduce brown spot severity in lupin seedlings when applied as a seed treatment at rates as low as 0.06 g/kg seed. Treatment at previously recommended rates (1.0 g/kg) gave only slightly or no improved disease control. Where either brown spot or pleiochaeta root rot was severe, seedling death occurred and seed treatment increased plant population, dry matter and grain yield. In some experiments seed treatment reduced pleiochaeta root rot. In no experiment was there an additional grain yield benefit from applying either fungicide above 0.12 g/kg seed even where disease pressure was extreme at an artificially infected site. The direct effect of dicarboximide seed treatment appears mainly due to reduced infection on cotyledons and to a lesser extent the first 4 true leaves. Disease reduction can be measured higher up the plant later in the season as a result of reduced secondary infection.

Control of Pleiochaeta setosa diseases of lupin using seed and fertiliser applied fungicides

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Loughman ◽  
MW Sweetingham
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Significant Control ◽  
Seed Dressing ◽  
Phomopsis Leptostromiformis ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Fertiliser Application

Control of Pleiochaeta setosa diseases of lupins was compared in 8 field experiments using Rovral (iprodione) and Sumisclex (procymidone) as either seed dressing or fertiliser-applied treatments. Seed-dressing application was more effective than fertiliser application for control of brown spot. Rovral and Sumisclex provided very similar control of brown spot in most comparisons, but Sumisclex occasionally provided significantly better control. Pleiochaeta root rot was controlled by Rovral seed treatment at 1 location and by all Rovral and Sumisclex treatments at a second location. When used at 1 location, Armour (flutriafol) on superphosphate provided significant control of brown spot but not pleiochaeta root rot. Fungicide seed treatment did not reduce Phomopsis leptostromiformis stem lesioning. Significant yield improvement following fungicidal control of P. setosa occurred in 4 experiments.

Management of Root Rot (Rhizoctonia solani) of Mothbean through Bio-Agents

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Godara ◽  
Narendra . Singh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Soil Application

Root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani is an important disease of mothbean, under severe infestation it causes 58-68 % losses in grain yield. Three-year field experiments were conducted in hot arid conditions at Bikaner, Rajasthan during kharif seasons with the objective to find out suitable eco-friendly management strategies for root rot. The experiment was conducted on cv. RMO-225 with six different combination of Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens bio- agents viz, seed treatment, soil treatment and their combinations against the root rot disease and compared with an untreated control. Results of experiment showed that all the treatments brought significant decline in disease incidence and consequently enhancement of grain yield compared to control. The treatment having combination of Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens seed treatment (4+4 g/kg seed) + soil application of T. harzianum + P. fluorescens (1.25 +1.25 kg in 50 kg FYM for each/ha) had minimum (21.78 %) root rot incidence, highest grain yield (10.56 q /ha) and net return (Rs. 14,338/ha). The T. harzianum seed treatment 8 g/kg seed + soil application of T. harzianum 2.5kg in 100 kg FYM/ha was the next best treatment with 25.56 per cent disease incidence and 9.42 q/ha of grain yield. These treatments can provide an effective, economical and eco- friendly management of root rot of mothbean for cultivators.

Contribution of Stem Dry Matter to Grain Yield in Wheat Cultivars

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
PC Pheloung ◽  
KHM Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Percentage Reduction ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate ◽  
Days After Anthesis

Field experiments were conducted in the eastern wheat belt of Western Australia in a dry year with and without irrigation (1987) and in a wet year (1988), comparing three cultivars of wheat differing in height and yield potential. The aim of the study was to determine the contribution of remobilisable stem dry matter to grain dry matter under different water regimes in old and modern wheats. Stem non-structural carbohydrate was labelled with 14C 1 day after anthesis and the activity and weight of this pool and the grain was measured at 2, 18 and 58 days after anthesis. Gutha and Kulin, modern tall and semi-dwarf cultivars respectively, yielded higher than Gamenya, a tall older cultivar in all conditions, but the percentage reduction in yield under water stress was greater for the modern cultivars (41, 34 and 23%). In the grain of Gamenya, the increase in 14C activity after the initial labelling was highest under water stress. Generally, loss of 14C activity from the non-structural stem dry matter was less than the increase in grain activity under water stress but similar to or greater than grain activity increase under well watered conditions. Averaged over environments and cultivars, non-structural dry matter stored in the stem contributed at least 20% of the grain dry matter.

Management strategies to reduce losses caused by fusarium seedling blight of field pea

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Chang ◽  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
H. U. Ahmed ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
G. D. Turnbull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Fusarium Seedling Blight ◽  
Disease Pressure

Chang, K. F., Hwang, S. F., Ahmed, H. U., Gossen, B. D., Turnbull, G. D. and Strelkov, S. E. 2013. Management strategies to reduce losses caused by fusarium seedling blight of field pea. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 619–625. Fusarium seedling blight can cause substantial reductions in the stand density of field pea in western Canada. In greenhouse experiments, emergence decreased and root rot severity rose with increasing inoculum density. In field trials in 2007 and 2008 near Edmonton, AB, seeding at different depths and seeding dates did not consistently affect emergence or yield in Fusarium-infested soils. In field experiments, emergence declined significantly with each increase in inoculum level. Also, seed yield were reduced at high levels of disease pressure. Treatment of seed with Apron Maxx improved emergence, nodulation and yield of treatments challenged with inoculum of F. avenaceum in both greenhouse and field experiments. This research demonstrates the need to prevent seedling blight and root rot through proper seed treatment.

Effect of herbicides on the weed infestation and grain yield of soybean (Glycine max)

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Singh ◽  
R. S. Jolly
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Weed Infestation

Two field experiments were conducted during the kharif (rainy) season of 1999 and 2000 on a loamy sand soil to study the effect of various pre- and post-emergence herbicides on the weed infestation and grain yield of soybean. The presence of weeds in the weedy control plots resulted in 58.8 and 58.1% reduction in the grain yield in the two years compared to two hand weedings (HW) at 30 and 45 days after sowing (DAS), which gave grain yields of 1326 and 2029 kg ha-1. None of the herbicides was significantly superior to the two hand weedings treatment in influencing the grain yield. However, the pre-emergence application of 0.75 kg ha-1 S-metolachlor, and 0.5 kg ha-1 pendimethalin (pre-emergence) + HW 30 DAS were at par or numerically superior to this treatment. There was a good negative correlation between the weed dry matter at harvest and the grain yield of soybean, which showed that effective weed control is necessary for obtaining higher yields of soybean.

Department of Plant Pathology, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner-334 001, Rajasthan, India.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohit . Kumar ◽  
Data Ram Kumhar ◽  
Ashok Kumar Meena ◽  
Kiran . Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Percent Inhibition

Bio-control agents and bio-fertilizer minimized the root rot incidence, increased percent inhibition, increased grain yield and nodulation in mungbean significantly as compared to control. The minimum 13.50% disease incidence, maximum 79.23% inhibition of dry root rot, maximum grain yield of 14.8q/ha and maximum 24 nodules/plant were observed in the treatment T13. Where T. harzianum in combination with Rhizobium was used as seed treatment and soil application followed by the treatment(T14) where P. fluorescens was used in combination with Rhizobium (18.50% disease incidence, 71.54% disease inhibition,13.4q/ha grain yield and 21 nodules/plant. used as seed treatment and soil application.

scholarly journals Role of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Trichoderma spp. in the control of root rot disease of soybean

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ehteshamul-Haque ◽  
Abdul Ghaffar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

Seed treatment of soybean with <i>Bndyrhizobium japonicum, Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, T. hamatum, T. koningii</i> and <i>T. pseudokoningii</i> significantly controlled the infection of 30-day-old seedlingsby <i>Maerophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> spp. In 60-day-old plants <i>Trichoderma</i> spp.. and <i>B. japonicum</i> inhibited the grouth of <i>R. solani</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> spp., whereas the use of <i>B. japonicum</i> (TAL-102) with <i>T. harzianum. T. viride, T. koningii</i> and <i>T. pseudokoningii</i> controlled the infection by <i>M. phaseolina. Greater grain yield was recorded when B. <i>japonium</i> (TAI-102) was used with <i>T. hamatum</i>.

scholarly journals Source capacity during flowering affects grain yield of amaranth (Amaranthus sp.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 472-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Roitner-Schobesberger ◽  
Kaul H-P
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Sources And Sinks ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Eastern Austria ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Yield Formation

Amaranth is a promising C4-crop. However, for a wider spread of the crop a better understanding of factors that are influencing yield formation is crucial for optimizing the plant phenotype and enhancing yield. The present study wanted to clarify the effects of assimilate sources and sinks on yield formation by artificially altering source or sink size. Field experiments were conducted in Eastern Austria during three years with three genotypes, applying source-sink manipulation treatments at mid flowering (control, 50% of inflorescence removed, 50% or 100% of leaves removed). At maturity we measured shoot, inflorescence and grain dry matter, thousand kernel mass and number of seeds per plant. An average grain yield level of about 3.5 t/ha dry matter on control plots indicated favorable growth conditions for amaranth in general. The removal of all leaves had a strong detrimental effect on all parameters, but severity of yield reduction due to defoliation differed between genotypes, ranging from &ndash;49% to &ndash;73%. Contrastingly, 50% flower reduction did not have any significant effects. Also with 50% defoliation no significant yield reduction was observed. We conclude that source strength of amaranth during flowering is more yield limiting than its sink capacity.

scholarly journals Use of Fungicides and Biological Controls in the Suppression of Fusarium Crown and Root Rot of Asparagus Under Greenhouse and Growth Chamber Conditions

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Reid ◽  
M. K. Hausbeck ◽  
K. Kizilkaya
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
Control Disease ◽  
Disease Pressure ◽  
Commercial Field

Growth chamber, greenhouse, and field experiments were conducted with fungicides and biological control agents, including nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum, to test their ability to control disease caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. asparagi and F. proliferatum. In greenhouse studies with asparagus seedlings in soil, Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22, benomyl, and fludioxonil treatments increased root weight and decreased root disease compared with the infested control when a low level of F. oxysporum f. sp. asparagi and F. proliferatum was used. The fungicide fludioxonil limited plant death caused by Fusarium spp. at high inoculum levels, whereas T. harzianum strain T-22 was not effective. Nonpathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum were effective in limiting Fusarium disease on asparagus seedlings in culture tubes, although isolates differed in their ability to control disease caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. asparagi and F. proliferatum. In greenhouse studies, no significant differences in plant death were found between asparagus plants growing in media infested with F. oxysporum f. sp. asparagi and F. proliferatum and left untreated, and those treated with nonpathogenic F. oxysporum. The efficacy of fungicides and biological control products to control Fusarium crown and root rot under commercial field conditions could not be evaluated due to low disease pressure.

scholarly journals Tillering does not interfere on white oat grain yield response to plant density

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton Luiz de Almeida ◽  
Luís Sangoi ◽  
Márcio Ender ◽  
Anderson Fernando Wamser
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Plant Densities

Plant density is one of the cropping practices that has the largest impact on individual plant growth. This work was conducted to evaluate the response of white oat (Avena sativa) cultivars with contrasting tillering patterns to variations in plant density. Two field experiments were carried out in Lages, SC, Brazil, during the 1998 and 1999 growing seasons. A split plot experimental design was used. Four oat cultivars were tested in the main plots: UFRGS 14, UFRGS 18, UPF 16 and UPF 17 using five plant densities split plots: 50, 185, 320, 455 and 550 plants m-2. Five plant samples were taken 25, 34, 48, 58 and 70 days after plant emergence to assess the treatment effects on dry matter partition between main stem and tillers. UFRGS 18 promoted dry matter allocation to tillers whereas UPF 17 directed dry mass mostly to the main stem. Differences in dry mass allocation between the main stem and tillers had no impact on grain yield, UPF 16 presenting the highest values for both growing seasons. The lack of interaction between population density and cultivar and the small effect of plant population on grain yield indicates that the oat tillering ability is not fundamental to define its grain yield.

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