Soil structural conditions of vineyards under two soil management systems

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 450 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Cock
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Vineyard Soil

The soil structural conditions of two management systems of vineyard soil on Barmera Sandy Loam in the Riverland of South Australia were compared. Three years of zero cultivation and weed mulching were compared with long term winter cropping and cultivation between vines. Significant increases in 1 mm dry aggregates, aggregate stability and percentage of large pores were measured under zero tillage. Significant reductions also occurred for bulk density and penetration resistance of the 6-12 cm layer of the zero-tilled soil. The results suggest that infiltration, aeration and root growth of vines would improve under a long-term program of zero tillage and weed mulching.

Corn rhizosphere microbial community in different long term soil management systems

2022 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 104339
Author(s):  
Eliane Cristina Gruszka Vendruscolo ◽  
Dany Mesa ◽  
Emanuel Maltempi de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbial Community

Effects of agricultural management on dermosols in northern Tasmania

Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Cotching ◽  
J. Cooper ◽  
L. A. Sparrow ◽  
B. E. McCorkell ◽  
W. Rowley
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
Carbon Concentrations

Attributes of 15 Tasmanian dermosols were assessed using field and laboratory techniques to determine changes associated with 3 typical forms of agricultural management: long-term pasture, cropping with shallow tillage using discs and tines, and cropping (including potatoes) with more rigorous and deeper tillage including deep ripping and powered implements. Soil organic carbon in the surface 75 mm was 7.0% under long-term pasture compared with 4.3% and 4.2% in cropped paddocks. Microbial biomass carbon concentrations were 217 mg/kg, 161 mg/kg, and 139 mg/kg, respectively. These differences were negatively correlated with the number of years cropped. Greater bulk densities were found in the surface layer of cropped paddocks but these were not associated with increased penetration resistance or decreased infiltration rate and are unlikely to impede root growth. Long-term pasture paddocks showed stronger structural development and had smaller clods than cropped paddocks. Vane shear strength and penetration resistance were lower in cropped paddocks than under long-term pasture. Many soil attributes showed no significant differences associated with management. Including potatoes in the rotation did not appear to affect these dermosols, which indicates a degree of robustness in these soils. clay loams, organic carbon, soil strength, aggregate stability, land management, cropping.

Water and bromide movement in a Vertosol under four fallow management systems

Soil Research ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Turpin ◽  
J. P. Thompson ◽  
B. J. Bridge ◽  
D. Orange
Keyword(s):  
Water Movement ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Fallow Management ◽  
Stubble Retention ◽  
Tracer Solution ◽  
Stubble Burning

Recent work on the Hermitage long-term fallow management found increased rates of anion movement under zero tillage systems compared with conventional tillage. Four separate experiments have been used to determine relative rates of water movement through different fallow management treatments on the Hermitage long-term fallow management trial and the causes of any differences. Photography of the aggregation patterns at the depth of tillage (approx. 15 cm) showed that conventional tillage combined with stubble burning has led to the formation of large massive peds up to 20 cm across below the tillage layer, whereas zero-tillage with stubble retention has maintained much smaller aggregates in this zone. Measurements of hydraulic conductivity at 15 cm under both dry and moist conditions indicated that, when the soil is dry and cracked, all tillage treatments have similar conductivities, but when the soil swells and cracks close, zero tillage–stubble retention maintains a greater volume of large pores and thereby greater conductivity. This effect was further demonstrated when a bromide tracer solution was applied to a relatively wet soil by ring infiltrometer, where only 15% of the solution moved below 15 cm in conventional tillage–stubble burning compared with 26% and 38% in zero tillage{stubble retention. In the final experiment, which followed the movement of surface applied bromide over a 6-month fallow, there were no significant differences in rates of leaching between management treatments.

Effects of tillage and direct drilling on soil properties during the growing season in a long-term barley mono-culture system

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Pidgeon ◽  
B. D. Soane
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Equilibrium Density ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Cone Resistance

SUMMARYSoil responses to deep (30–35 cm) and normal (15–20 cm) mouldboard ploughing, chisel ploughing and zero-tillage have been compared for 7 years in a field experiment growing continuous spring barley near Edinburgh. The soil was of variable texture, from moderately well-drained sandy loam overlying loam to imperfectly to poorly drained sandy clay loam overlying clay loam, classified as stagnogleyic brown earth to cambio stagnogley soil. Soils of this type derived from Carboniferous till are widely used for cereal production in south-east Scotland. Measurements of soil physical properties were made at crop emergence, midseason and at harvest to characterize seasonal and long-term responses to tillage and traffic. After the first 3 years bulk density responses varied little within or between seasons, showing a compacted horizon from 0–15 cm under zero-tillage and a looser horizon from 21–33 cm under deep ploughing compared with normal ploughing. Immediately below the depth of normal ploughing there was no difference in bulk density between this treatment and zero-tillage while in some years the chisel-ploughing treatment was denser. Moisture content responses on a weight basis, together with air-filled porosity responses, showed large differences between treatments particularly at the time of crop emergency, indicating substantial alterations in the soil profile hydrology. Expressed on a volume basis the increased moisture content near the surface under zero-tillage became more pronounced and the other effects disappeared. Cone resistance responses were proportionately larger than those for bulk density and showed one major difference in that below the depth of ploughing cone resistance was greater for zero-tillage than normal ploughing in the sixth and seventh seasons, but not previously. For bulk density, but probably not for cone resistance, there were no increases after the third season of zero-tillage, the soil reaching an equilibrium density for the current management practices and machinery usage.

scholarly journals Critical soil bulk density for soybean growth in Oxisols

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Keisuke Sato ◽  
Herdjania Veras de Lima ◽  
Pedro Daniel de Oliveira ◽  
Sueli Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Soybean Root ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the critical soil bulk density from the soil penetration resistance measurements for soybean root growth in Brazilian Amazon Oxisols. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using disturbed soil samples collected from the northwest of Para characterized by different texture. The treatments consisted of a range of soil bulk densities for each soil textural class. Three pots were used for soybean growth of and two for the soil penetration resistance curve. From the fitted model, the critical soil bulk density was determined considering the penetration resistance values of 2 and 3 MPa. After sixty days, plants were cut and root length, dry mass of root, and dry mass of shoots were determined. At higher bulk densities, the increase in soil water content decreased the penetration resistance, allowing unrestricted growth of soybean roots. Regardless of soil texture, the penetration resistance of 2 and 3 MPa had a slight effect on root growth in soil moisture at field capacity and a reduction of 50% in the soybean root growth was achieved at critical soil bulk density of 1.82, 1.75, 1.51, and 1.45 Mg m-3 for the sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clayey, and very clayey soil.

scholarly journals Coquetéis vegetais e sistemas de manejo alterando a qualidade do solo e produtividade da mangueira (Plant mixture and soil management systems changing soil quality and mango productivity)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Silva Brandão ◽  
Vanderlise Giongo ◽  
Nelci Olszevski ◽  
Alessandra Monteiro Salviano
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Total N ◽  
Mango Tree ◽  
Spontaneous Vegetation

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar alterações em características químicas e na estabilidade estrutural do solo e, na produtividade da mangueira após cinco cultivos de dois tipos de coquetéis vegetais e manutenção da vegetação espontânea em dois sistemas de manejo do solo. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, com os tratamentos dispostos em esquema de parcelas subdivididas. As parcelas foram constituídas por 2 sistemas de manejo (com e sem revolvimento do solo) e, as subparcelas por 3 tipos de adubação verde (CV1 - 75% leguminosas + 25% gramíneas e oleaginosas; CV2 - 25% leguminosas + 75% gramíneas e oleaginosas e uma vegetação espontânea (VE)). Em cada unidade experimental foram coletadas, nas entrelinhas das mangueiras, amostras indeformadas para avaliação da estabilidade de agregados e amostras deformadas para determinação dos teores de MO, Ca, Mg e K trocáveis, P assimilável e N total. As amostras foram coletadas nas profundidades 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-40 cm. Foi avaliada também a produtividade da mangueira (t ha-1). Os cinco ciclos de cultivo sucessivos de coquetéis vegetais e de manutenção da vegetação espontânea alteraram os teores de P, MO e N. Os coquetéis vegetais promoveram maiores produtividades de manga em relação à vegetação espontânea, mas não alteraram a qualidade dos frutos.  A B S T R A C TThe aim of this study was to evaluate changes in chemical characteristics, soil structural stability and productivity of mango tree after five crops of two plant mixure types and maintenance of spontaneous vegetation in two soil management systems. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with four replications, with the treatments arranged in a split plot. The plot was set by two management systems (tillage and no tillage) and the subplots by 3 types of green manure (PM1 - 75% + leguminous 25% grasses and oilseeds; PM2 - 25% leguminous + 75% of grasses and oilseeds and spontaneous vegetation (SV)). In each experimental unit were collected between the lines of mango tree, undisturbed soil samples to assess the stability of misfolded aggregates and samples for determination of OM, Ca, Mg , K exchangeable, P assimilable and total N. The samples were collected from depths of 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-40 cm. It also evaluated the productivity of mango tree (t ha-1). The five cycles of successive cultivation of plants mixture types and on spontaneous vegetation maintenance changed only the P, MO and N levels. The plants mixture promoted major mango productivity compared to spontaneous vegetation, but didn't change the quality of the fruit.Keywords: green manure, aggregate stability, soil fertility. 

scholarly journals Soil seed bank of plant species as a function of long-term soil management and sampled depth

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Concenço ◽  
J.C Salton ◽  
R.C Brevilieri ◽  
P.B Mendes ◽  
M.L Secretti
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage System

This study aimed at assessing the level of weed infestation indifferent areas that were submitted to different soil management for 16 years. Four management systems were studied: (1) agriculture only under conventional tillage system; (2) agriculture only under no-till system; (3) crop-livestock integrationcrop-livestock integration; (4) livestock only. These areas were sampled at three soil depths (0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 cm), and soil was stored in plastic pots and taken to a greenhouse, where soil moisture and weight were standardized. Soil was kept near 70% moisture field capacity, being revolved every 20 days when all seedling emerged from soil were counted, identified and collected for dry mass assessment. The soil coverage by weeds, number of weed seedlings and dry mass of the weedy community were assessed. A phytoecological analysis was conducted. Weed composition is differentdifferent among management systems after 16 years. Areas with livestock showed much smaller number of weed species in comparison to systems where only grain crops are grown. The presence of livestock affects the potential of germination of soil seed bank. Agriculture systems are similar in terms of weed composition along soil profile, while systems involving livestock show little relation in what regards such sampled depths. Conservationist models of land exploration contribute to reduce severity of weed species occurrence in the long term.

Soil solution composition and aggregate stability changes caused by long-term farming at four contrasting sites in South Australia

Soil Research ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Naidu ◽  
S Mcclure ◽  
NJ Mckenzie ◽  
RW Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Fungal Hypha ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Solution Composition ◽  
Horizon Scanning ◽  
Undisturbed Soils

The effect of long-term farming on the cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic carbon content, soil solution composition, and aggregate stability was investigated using contrasting soils from 4 sites in the Mid North of South Australia. Undisturbed and farmed profiles were characterised at each site. Farming led to a 10–50% decrease, approximately, in organic matter and CEC in the surface horizon. Scanning electron microscopic study of the surface and selected subsurface soils revealed poor aggregation, compaction, reduced porosity, and a decrease in aggregate particle size in the farmed surface soils. Intra-aggregate binding in the undisturbed soils appeared to be largely due to fungal hypha, with the roots largely contributing to inter-aggregate binding of soil particles. Electrical conductivity (EC) of soil solutions was generally 2–3 times higher in the undisturbed soils than farmed soils, suggesting increased leaching of ions associated with loss of tree cover. This was also supported by a decrease in the concentrations of mobile ions such as Cl-and Na+ in the farmed soils. The concentrations of Na+ and K+ decreased with farming leading to a decrease in the Gapon selectivity constant for Na–Ca and K–Ca exchange. The changes in soil solution composition together with the decline in organic matter concentrations resulted in increased sensitivity of soils to dispersion.

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