Timing and intensity of surface cultivation and depth of cultivation affect Rhizoctonia patch and wheat yield

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 703 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Jarvis ◽  
RF Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Patch Area ◽  
White Sand ◽  
Seed Placement ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
Direct Drilling

The incidence of rhizoctonia patch was reduced by both intensity and depth of cultivation on a fine white sand near Gibson, W.A. When seed was direct drilled with a triple disc drill, 13.3% of the plot area was covered with patches compared with 16.1% following a tined combine seeder. Direct drilling with a modified tined combine seeder which cultivated 10-cm deep while seeding at 3-cm depth had 6.2% patch and was as effective, in reducing patch area, as the best pre-seeding cultivation treatment of 2 scarifying (6.6%). Deep ripping to a depth of 27 cm with an Agrowplow before scarifying and seeding reduced the incidence of patch to only 2.1%. The area of patch and wheat grain yield were inversely correlated (P< 0.001) and accounted for 32% of the variation. Effects (other than rhizoctonia) on grain yield due to the cultivation treatments are suggested. Cultivation directly below the seed placement with the modified combine increased wheat plant growth and grain yield. Deep ripping further increased above-ground dry matter, and grain yield was 58% greater than the yield from direct drilling with the triple disc drill.

Deep cultivation of a sandy soil, near Esperance, reduced the incidence of Rhizoctonia bare patch and increased grain yield of lupins

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 803 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Brennan ◽  
WL Crabtree
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Patch Area ◽  
Bare Patch ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Plot Area

The incidence of rhizoctonia bare patch in lupins was decreased by increasing the depth of cultivation on a grey sand at Gibson, Western Australia. With a shallow 5 cm cultivation, 18% of the plot area was covered with rhizoctonia patches. Deep ripping with an Agrowplow to 20 cm reduced the area of patch to 7%. Deeper ripping to 30 cm further decreased the area of patch. The area covered by rhizoctonia patches was negatively related with lupin yields and accounted for 65% of the variation of dry matter yields of lupin whole tops and 70% of the variation in grain yields. The increase in lupin grain yield as a result of the cultivation (deep ripping) could possibly be due to the reduction of rhizoctonia patch area and any effects that cultivation alone had on lupin growth. The effects of cultivation (deep ripping) and rhizoctonia bare patch on lupin grain yields cannot be separated in this experiment.

Effect of weeds and nitrogen fertiliser on yield and grain protein concentration of wheat

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
MG Mason ◽  
RW Madin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser

Field trials at Beverley (19911, Salmon Gums (1991; 2 sites) and Merredin (1992; 2 sites), each with 5 rates of nitrogen (N) and 3 levels of weed control, were used to investigate the effect of weeds and N on wheat grain yield and protein concentration during 1991 and 1992. Weeds in the study were grasses (G) and broadleaf (BL). Weeds reduced both vegetative dry matter yield and grain yield of wheat at all sites except for dry matter at Merredin (BL). Nitrogen fertiliser increased wheat dry matter yield at all sites. Nitrogen increased wheat grain yield at Beverley and Merredin (BL), but decreased yield at both Salmon Gums sites in 1991. Nitrogen fertiliser increased grain protein concentration at all 5 sites-at all rates for 3 sites [Salmon Gums (G) and (BL) and Merredin (G)] and at rates of 69 kg N/ha or more at the other 2 sites [Beverley and Merredin (BL)]. However, the effect of weeds on grain protein varied across sites. At Merredin (G) protein concentration was higher where there was no weed control, possibly due to competition for soil moisture by the greater weed burden. At Salmon Gums (G), grain protein concentration was greater when weeds were controlled than in the presence of weeds, probably due to competition for N between crop and weeds. In the other 3 trials, there was no effect of weeds on grain protein. The effect of weeds on grain protein appears complex and depends on competition between crop and weeds for N and for water at the end of the season, and the interaction between the two.

Increasing of wheat grain yield by use of a liquid fertilizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Tsotne Samadashvili ◽  
Gulnari Chkhutiashvili ◽  
Mirian Chokheli ◽  
Zoia Sikharulidze ◽  
Qetevan Nacarishvili
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer

Wheat is a vital crop in Georgia and in the world. Because of the increase in the rate of population growth, improving the grain yield is the way to meet food demand. Proper crop nutrition plays a vital role in maintaining the world’s food supply. Fertilizer is essential for accomplishing this.One of the most important means for increasing the wheat yield is fertilizer, especially, organic fertilizer. The present research was carried out to study the effects of different doses (150ml, 200ml and 300 ml on ha) of humic organic fertilizer “Ecorost” on yield of winter wheat cultivar “Tbilisuri 15”. The humic liquid fertilizer "Ecorost" is a peat-based organic-mineral fertilizer. The product is active and saturated due to the use of the latest technology and living bacteria found in peat. The field trials were conducted in 2017-2019 at the Experimental Site of Scientific Research Center of Agriculture in Dedopliskharo- arid region (Eastern Georgia).Liquid fertilizer was applied two times: in tillering stage in early spring and two weeks after - in stem elongation stage. Results indicated that the highest wheat grain yield (4t/ha) was achieved when the plants were fertilized with 300 ml on 1 ha ofEcorost. Applications of liquid fertilizer “Ecorost” increased grain yield of winter wheat by 16.2% in comparison with standard nitrogen fertilization. Thus, liquid fertilizer “Ecorost” had a significant effect on wheat grain yield compared to control standard nitrogen fertilizer.

Wheat Grain Growth: Anthesis to Maturity

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
JHM Thornley
Keyword(s):  
Grain Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Storage Material ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Substrate Level ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
And Storage

A model of the wheat plant is described which consists of two components, the grain and storage material. Photosynthesis supplies further substrate to the store, from which material is used for grain growth at a rate that depends on the substrate level. The model allows predictions of grain dry weight at maturity and its dependence on total post-anthesis dry matter production, and leads to an interpretation of the source-sink interactions in this situation.

Influence of planting date and environment on Oklahoma wheat grain yield trend from 1963 to 1995

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Epplin ◽  
T. F. Peeper
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Words Wheat

The five-year moving average (5YRMA) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield per harvested hectare has declined by more than 18% over the past decade in Oklahoma. By contrast, world wheat yields have increased steadily over the same period. The Oklahoma wheat yield trend during the past decade is inconsistent with expectations. The objective of the research was to determine why the 5YRMA wheat grain yield per harvested hectare did not increase in Oklahoma during the past decade. Five types of potential explanatory variables were investigated: structural change (including government programs), fertilizer use, proportion grazed, planting date and environment. Regression analysis was used to determine that the consequences of improvements in technology, research and education programs, as measured by a linear trend variable, were positive. However, during the past decade, these advancements were overwhelmed by changes in planting date and environmental factors. Key words: Wheat, yield, trend, planting date, environment

scholarly journals Effect of Magnesium Fertilization Systems on Grain Yield Formation by Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) during the Grain-Filling Period

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Witold Grzebisz ◽  
Jarosław Potarzycki
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Yield Formation

The application of magnesium significantly affects the components of the wheat yield and the dry matter partitioning in the grain-filling period (GFP). This hypothesis was tested in 2013, 2014, and 2015. A two-factorial experiment with three rates of magnesium (0, 25, 50 kg ha−1) and four stages of Mg foliar fertilization (without, BBCH 30, 49/50, two-stage) was carried out. Plant material collected at BBCH: 58, 79, 89 was divided into leaves, stems, ears, chaff, and grain. The wheat yield increased by 0.5 and 0.7 t ha−1 in response to the soil and foliar Mg application. The interaction of both systems gave + 0.9 t ha−1. The Mg application affected the grain yield by increasing grain density (GD), wheat biomass at the onset of wheat flowering, durability of leaves in GFP, and share of remobilized dry matter (REQ) in the grain yield. The current photosynthesis accounted for 66% and the REQ for 34%. The soil-applied Mg increased the REQ share in the grain yield to over 50% in 2014 and 2015. The highest yield is possible, but provided a sufficiently high GD, and a balanced share of both assimilate sources in the grain yield during the maturation phase of wheat growth.

The effect of a slant-legged subsoiler on soil compaction and the growth of direct-drilled winter wheat

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Hipps ◽  
D. R. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Cone Penetrometer ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
Trade Name ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Direct Drilling

SummaryThe effect of a slant-legged subsoiler (Trade name, ‘Paraplow’) on the growth of two crops of winter wheat following an intensively grazed grass-clover ley was investigated in 1981–2 and 1982–3. The treatments for the first crop were direct drilling, loosening the soil by shallow cultivation before drilling, loosening by ‘Paraplow’, and a combination of ‘Paraplow’ and shallow cultivation. For the second crop these treatments were repeated and a fifth added, loosening by ‘Paraplow’ after drilling. Seed was sown with a triple disk direct drill and all treatments received the same quantity of fertilizer.Soil compaction was measured with a cone penetrometer in the autumn of 1982 and spring 1983; root axes were counted and dry-matter weights of shoot, grain yield and components of yield obtained.Loosening soil by ‘Paraplow’ did not increase significantly the number of roots nor was the uptake of water by the crop in dry periods affected, even though soil strength, measured as cone resistance, was considerably reduced.Shallow cultivation increased grain yield in the first wheat by 0·34 t/ha (P< 0·05) but had no effect on the second wheat. The ‘Paraplow’ did not increase yield of the first crop but the mean response of 0·65 t/ha in the second crop was significant (P < 0·05). Using the ‘Paraplow’ before or after drilling gave similar yields. Increases in yield were produced by more grains per unit area, not increased 1000-grain weights.It is concluded that the apparently compacted soil did not restrict the growth of wheat and that the beneficial effect of the ‘Paraplow’ in the second crop was probably due to better drainage in the wet spring.

Herbicide-Grazing Interactions in Cheat (Bromus secalinus)–Infested Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)1

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 532-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Koscelny ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Bromus Secalinus ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Field experiments were conducted to determine the interaction of grazing and herbicide treatments on cheat control and biomass, wheat biomass, wheat grain yield, and wheat yield components. Ethyl-metribuzin at 1120 g ai ha−1and metribuzin at 420 g ai ha−1reduced cheat biomass 91 to 99 and 97 to 98%, respectively. Grazing had no effect on herbicide efficacy. Grazing increased cheat biomass in the check by 24% at only one location but did not affect total wheat plus cheat biomass. With one exception, controlled cheat was replaced by wheat on a 1:1 biomass basis when herbicides caused no crop injury. All herbicide treatments increased grain yield, but grazing did not alter yield. At two locations, increased heads m−2and spikelets/head accounted for most of the grain yield increases, but at one location seeds/spikelet and weight/seed were also increased. Harvest index was unaffected.

scholarly journals PHOTOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF PLANTS AND WHEAT YIELD, CULTIVATED OF SEEDS ON DIFFERENT NUTRITION BACKGROUND IN THE CONDITIONS OF GRAY FOREST SOILS OF KAMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
Игорь Сержанов ◽  
Igor Serzhanov ◽  
Фарит Шайхутдинов ◽  
Farit Shaykhutdinov ◽  
Азат Ганиев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Gray Forest Soils ◽  
Biological Substance

The results of a study on the effect of seeds, grown on different backgrounds of mineral nutrition on the photosynthetic activity of plants and the yield of of spring wheat grain of “Yoldyz” variety are considered. The collection of the dry biological substance of spring wheat plants, grown from seeds on fertilized variants of the experiment, was above the control to 0.71-1.07 g. The collection of organic dry matter is directly related to the increase in the assimilating leaf surface of the offspring from the fertilized backgrounds.

scholarly journals Diffuse system simulating wheat productivity by nitrogen and temperature in the use of biopolymers

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 289-297
Author(s):  
Ângela T. W. De Mamann ◽  
José A. G. da Silva ◽  
Osmar B. Scremin ◽  
Ana P. B. Trautmann ◽  
Cláudia V. Argenta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Fuzzy Model ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Maximum Air Temperature

ABSTRACT Fuzzy logic can simulate wheat yield by nitrogen and temperature nonlinearity, validating the use of hydrogel biopolymer. The objective of this study is to adapt the fuzzy logic model to the simulation of nitrogen biomass and wheat grain yield and non-linearity of the maximum air temperature, under the conditions of use of the hydrogel biopolymer, in high and low N-residual release systems. The study was conducted in 2014 and 2015, in Augusto Pestana, RS, Brazil (28 ° 26 ‘30’ latitude S and 54 ° 0 ‘58’ longitude W). The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications in 5 x 5 factorial, for hydrogel doses (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1), added in the furrow next to the seed, and N-fertilizer doses. (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1), applied at the phenological stage V3 (third expanded leaf) as top-dressing, respectively. The pertinence functions together with the quantitative and linguistic values for the input and output variables are suitable for the use of fuzzy logic in the wheat yield simulation. The fuzzy model made it possible to estimate the values of biomass and wheat grain yield by nitrogen and non-linearity of the maximum air temperature under the conditions of use of the hydrogel biopolymer in high and low N-residual release systems.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document