scholarly journals PHOTOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF PLANTS AND WHEAT YIELD, CULTIVATED OF SEEDS ON DIFFERENT NUTRITION BACKGROUND IN THE CONDITIONS OF GRAY FOREST SOILS OF KAMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
Игорь Сержанов ◽  
Igor Serzhanov ◽  
Фарит Шайхутдинов ◽  
Farit Shaykhutdinov ◽  
Азат Ганиев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Gray Forest Soils ◽  
Biological Substance

The results of a study on the effect of seeds, grown on different backgrounds of mineral nutrition on the photosynthetic activity of plants and the yield of of spring wheat grain of “Yoldyz” variety are considered. The collection of the dry biological substance of spring wheat plants, grown from seeds on fertilized variants of the experiment, was above the control to 0.71-1.07 g. The collection of organic dry matter is directly related to the increase in the assimilating leaf surface of the offspring from the fertilized backgrounds.

Fall-Applied Trifluralin Granules in Conservation-till Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Endres ◽  
William H. Ahrens
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Line Transect Method ◽  
Fall Application

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate postplant crop residue, green and yellow foxtail control, and wheat grain yield after fall application of trifluralin granules in undisturbed small grain stubble. Levels of postplant residue were at least 48% cover (line transect method) and 2750 kg/ha of aboveground dry matter where herbicide granules were left unincorporated or were incorporated with conservation-till methods, including an undercutter, rotary hoe, or undercutter followed by a rotary hoe. Trifluralin at 0.56 kg/ha applied as granules in mid October in untilled stubble and incorporated with conservation-till methods controlled foxtail 81 to 88%, with control appearing slightly lower when granules were not incorporated. The 81 to 88% foxtail control in conservation-till treatments was comparable to control achieved with trifluralin at 0.56 kg/ha applied in mid October on conventionally-tilled soil and incorporated by a field cultivator. Foxtail control improved somewhat as trifluralin rate was increased to 0.84 and 1.12 kg/ha in conservation-till treatments. Slight wheat stand reductions at 1.12 kg/ha of trifluralin did not appear to reduce wheat yield. Fall application of trifluralin granules in these high-residue conditions apparently minimizes herbicide losses by photodecomposition and volatility, thereby facilitating good trifluralin efficacy the following season.

PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING WHEAT DEPENDING ON GROWING CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Upper Volga ◽  
The Upper Volga Region

Spring wheat is the main grain crop. Stable production of high-quality wheat grain is the key to the country's food independence. Therefore, the study of the elements of growing spring wheat technology, aimed at increasing the productivity of crops, is important. The study of the interaction of plants and microorganisms depending on the level of mineral nutrition in crop planning is currently ofparticular relevance. The use of biological products, growth regulators improves the mineral nutrition of plants, increases productivity and its quality, and also provides savings in mineral fertilizers. In the upper Volga region, the main spring crops are wheat, barley and oats. To further increase them in the region, it is necessary to study the characteristics of the formation of yields and determine the most productive crops depending on the level of nutrition, biological products and growth regulators. The scientific article presents the results of the study of these drugs on the productivity of spring wheat. In field experiments, it was planned to get 30, 40 and 50 tons of grain per hectare. Fertilizers for the planned harvest were made taking into account the agrochemical properties of the soil. From biological products used Flavobacterin, which has a protective effect against diseases and improves product quality, from growth regulators used agrochemicals HUMATE + 7 (10 % liquid concentrate), which is characterized by high biological activity. The yield level was determined taking into account the average long-term moisture supply and qualitative assessment of arable land. The indicators of photosynthetic activity of crops, crop and its structure, quality characteristics of grain and economic efficiency of growing spring wheat in the upper Volga region are presented. As a result of researches the optimum level of mineral nutrition for wheat, the efficacy of agrochemical diazotroph and programming yields of spring wheat, determined the photosynthetic activity of crops and grain yield, calculated economic efficiency of the studied techniques and established the qualitative characteristics of the crop. The program for obtaining the planned wheat yields in the years of the experiments was completed by 68-91 %. Close to the planned the program was implemented using a biological product and growth regulator-74-91 %.

The effect of ammonium sulphate treated with a nitrification inhibitor, and calcium nitrate, on growth and N-uptake of spring wheat, ryegrass and kale

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Spratt ◽  
J. K. R. Gasser
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Wheat Grain

SUMMARYWheat, ryegrass and kale were grown with ammonium sulphate (treated with a nitrification inhibitor) or calcium nitrate supplying 50 and 100 lb N/acre, and without fertilizer-N. Plants were sampled at various stages, dry weights measured, percentage N determined and N uptakes calculated.Initially wheat and ryegrass grew better and took up more N with ammonium fertilizer than with nitrate. Final yields of dry matter did not differ between forms. Kale produced more dry matter with calcium nitrate than with ammonium sulphate. All crops produced more dry matter with fertilizer-N than without. Fertilized crops contained greatest weights of N 109 days after sowing, when wheat and ryegrass had more with ammonium than with nitrate and kale had less. The 50 lb N/acre as calcium nitrate produced the most wheat grain/lb of fertilizer-N.During the period when growth and N uptake were fastest, wheat grew faster with ammonium than with nitrate, ryegrass grew similarly with both forms, and kale faster with nitrate; wheat and ryegrass took up N faster from ammonium sulphate and kale from calcium nitrate.Mature wheat recovered 58% of the fertilizer-N from calcium nitrate and 43% from ammonium sulphate. After 21 weeks of growth, kale recovered more N from calcium nitrate (50%) than from ammonium sulphate (24%), whereas grass recovered about 40% from each.

scholarly journals Features of the formation of spring wheat grain yield in the Volga region

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Oleg Ivanovich Goryanin ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Shcherbinina
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Seeding Rate

The results of the study of five seeding rates (variants) in the cultivation of spring durum wheat Bezenchukskaya Niva with seed treatment with Scenic Combi preparation (1.4 l/t) in order to identify the optimal rate are presented. On ordinary chernozem for 2017-2020 in the arid conditions of the Volga region, it was found out that when growing a crop for winter wheat, a decrease in seeding rates contributed to an increase in the coefficient of total and productive bushiness, the weight of grain from the ear and plant, the number of grains from the ear. On average, over the years of research, the yield of spring wheat grain at seeding rates of 2.0-5.0 million/ha was 2.00-2.22 t / ha. Under favorable weather conditions, the yield advantage was the norm of 4.0-5.0 million/ha by 6.2-37 %, in the acutely arid 2.0-3.0 million / ha by 3.4-16.4 % more, compared to other options. Wheat yield was most affected by the air temperature during the growing season (r=-0.97* to -0.99*). Of the elements of the structure, the maximum conjugacy with the yield at the norms of 1.0-4.0 is noted with the number and weight of grain from the ear and plant, the height of the plants (r=0,97*-1,0**). On average, over the years of research, the highest net income was established on the variants with the norm of 3.0-4.0 million / ha-17100.4-17442.8 rubles / ha, which is 761.9-1704.7 rubles/ha (4.7-10.8 %) more than the variants with the norm of 2.0 and 5.0 million/ha. The maximum level of profitability was revealed at the rate of 1.0 million / ha-194.6 %, which is 9.6-41.3% more than the options with the rate of 2.0-4.0 million / ha. Based on the conducted research, the seeding rate of 2.0-4.0 million/ha is recommended for the cultivation of spring durum wheat for commercial purposes. In the original seed production – 1.0 and 2.0 million/ha, providing a multiplication factor of up to 57.8 kg/kg of grain.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF USE OF HORN- UNGULATED MEAL AND A ZEOLIC-CONTAINING FOSSIL MEAL FOR UNDERGROUND CROPS IN LIGHT-GRAY FOREST SOILS

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Леонид Шашкаров ◽  
Leonid Shashkarov ◽  
Иван Елисеев ◽  
Ivan Eliseev ◽  
Людмила Елисеева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Fodder Beet ◽  
Gray Forest Soils ◽  
Root Crops

Investigations on light gray forest soils of the Chuvash Republic were carried out to study the effectiveness of the use of horn-ungulated meal or keratin as a nitrogenous organic fertilizer and zeolite-containing trefoil as a sorbent-type soil improver. The use of horn-ungulted meal as a nitrogen fertilizer of organic origin helps to enhance the biological activity of the soil. Observations during the vegetation period revealed a more intense coloration of the leaf surface, as well as an increase in the area of the assimilative surface of fodder beet and potatoes. The results of the determination of quality indicators has revealed the possibility of obtaining environmentally friendly products, as there has been a decrease in the content of nitrates in root crops fodder beet and potato tubers, increased dry matter content and sugar content in root crops fodder beet and in the tubers of potato dry matter and starch.The conducted studies have revealed the possibility of replacing the mineral form of nitrogen fertilizer with a nitrogen fertilizer of organic origin - horn-ungulated meal (keratin), which is a waste of the livestock industry. The joint application of zeolite-containing fossil meal together with horn-ungulated meal and phosphoric-potassium mineral fertilizers positively affected the increase in the use of nutrients from them not only in the row crops in the year of application, but also in the subsequent barley culture, increasing its yield and economic efficiency.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF MULTIPLE-NUTRIENT MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD AND GRAIN QUALITY OF SPRING WHEAT IN THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF THE ALTAI REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
A.V. Yakovlev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

he effect of sowing multiple-nutrient mineral fertilizerapplication on spring wheat crops of the Astrid variety on gray forest soils of the forest-steppe zone was found. The study of the weather conditions of the growing season showed that the total amount of precipitation during the growing season was significantly lower than the average annual -158 mm as compared to 220 mm of the normal. The monthly rainfalls sharply differed from long-term ones; this had a significant impact on the formation of yield and grain quality. The application of NPK fertilizer and ammoni-um-phosphate-sulfate at a rate of 100 kg ha and ammoni-um phosphate fertilizer at a rate of 50 kg ha increased the yield of spring wheat grain by 8-66%, and the gluten con-tent in the variant with ammonium phosphate fertilizer at the level of 26-31% ascompared to 28% in the control. The payback of 1 kg of the primary nutrient of the fertilizers by grain yield gain was the highest against the background of NPK fertilizer and ammonium-phosphate-sulfate -55.0 and 40.8 kg, respectively. The protein content in wheat grain for in all fertilization variants ranged within 13.1-15.2% as compared to 13.7% in the unfertilized variant. The thou-sand-kernel weight as a result of obtaining high gains in the variants of sowing application ranged within 31.1-38.3 g; TKW below the control was in the variants with ammonium phosphate fertilizer and ammonium-phosphate-sulfate -31.1 and 33.4 g. The grain-unit belonged to Class 3 (no less than 730). It has been found that it is agronomically efficient when cultivating soft spring wheat in a temperately moist zone, on more arid years, on gray forest soils, when sowing, to apply NPK fertilizer and ammonium-phosphate-sulfate at a rate of 100 kg ha.

scholarly journals The productivity of spring rapeseed hybrids depending on different levels of mineral nutrition and humic fertilizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00014
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Lupova ◽  
Dmitry Vinogradov ◽  
Olga Zaharova ◽  
Dmitry Kucher
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Production System ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Gray Forest Soils ◽  
Rapeseed Production ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Yield Formula ◽  
Different Levels

Rapeseed has a multifunctional agricultural and environmental value. According to statistics, the growth of acreage occupied by rapeseed in the Russian Federation for 10 years reached 126.8 % or 872.9 thousand ha. The article provides an assessment of spring rapeseed production for oilseeds in the Clearfield system at different levels of mineral nutrition in combination with Ecorost bio-fertilizer in conditions of the Non-Chernozem Zone of Russia. The studies were carried out in 2018–2019 at an experimental agrotechnological station of Ryazan State Agrotechnological University Named after P.A. Kostychev (FSBEI HE RSATU) on gray forest soils. High efficiency of the Clearfield production system has been established. The introduction of N180P120K60 complex for pre-sowing cultivation contributed to the formation of maximum indicators of the rapeseed yield formula and size. The highest yields were shown by Ecorost variants: Kultus KL N180P120K60 (27.8 dt/ha), Cultus KL N180 (27.3 dt/ha), Cebra KL N180P120K60, N180 (24.4 dt/ha), Cyclus KL N180, N90P60K60 (26.6 dt/ha). The maximum profitability of rapeseed oilseeds production was obtained on N180 variant Kultus KL (133.5 %).

Timing and intensity of surface cultivation and depth of cultivation affect Rhizoctonia patch and wheat yield

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 703 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Jarvis ◽  
RF Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Patch Area ◽  
White Sand ◽  
Seed Placement ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
Direct Drilling

The incidence of rhizoctonia patch was reduced by both intensity and depth of cultivation on a fine white sand near Gibson, W.A. When seed was direct drilled with a triple disc drill, 13.3% of the plot area was covered with patches compared with 16.1% following a tined combine seeder. Direct drilling with a modified tined combine seeder which cultivated 10-cm deep while seeding at 3-cm depth had 6.2% patch and was as effective, in reducing patch area, as the best pre-seeding cultivation treatment of 2 scarifying (6.6%). Deep ripping to a depth of 27 cm with an Agrowplow before scarifying and seeding reduced the incidence of patch to only 2.1%. The area of patch and wheat grain yield were inversely correlated (P< 0.001) and accounted for 32% of the variation. Effects (other than rhizoctonia) on grain yield due to the cultivation treatments are suggested. Cultivation directly below the seed placement with the modified combine increased wheat plant growth and grain yield. Deep ripping further increased above-ground dry matter, and grain yield was 58% greater than the yield from direct drilling with the triple disc drill.

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