Narbon bean (Vicia narbonensis L.): a promising grain legume for low rainfall areas of south-western Australia

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
KHM Siddique ◽  
SP Loss ◽  
D Enneking
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Vicia Narbonensis ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Seed Yields

The phenology, growth, seed yield and yield components of a number of introduced narbon bean (Vicia narbonensis L.) accessions and F9 breeding lines were compared with faba bean (Vicia faba L. cv. Fiord) or field pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Dundale) at 3 sites in 2 seasons. All narbon bean accessions had slow development, for example all accessions reached 50% flowering 9-35 days later than faba bean or field pea depending on the accession, site and season. Dry matter production near flowering ranged from 1.0 to 2.3 tlha and the growth of the best accessions was comparable with faba bean. In general, the accession ATC 60114 collected in the Beka'a Valley, Lebanon, produced the greatest seed yield across the sites and seasons (on average 1.52 t/ha). In 1993, the best narbon bean accession produced seed yields that ranged from 59% of the faba bean seed yield at the wettest site to 121% at the driest site. In the following year, one of the driest in decades, 6 accessions produced seed yields of more than 1.0 t/ha, similar to field pea. Seed yield was negatively correlated with days to flowering, podding and maturity, suggesting that yield could be improved by selecting for more rapid development. Most accessions retained the majority of their leaves at maturity, but showed some degree of pod shattering and a moderate level of lodging at maturity. Genotypic variation in all these characters was evident. Further selection and breeding, together with appropriate agronomic packages will improve the adaptation of narbon bean to mediterranean-type environments of southern Australia. However, the adoption of narbon bean in Australian agriculture will depend on its marketability and acceptance by the stockfeed industry, and its on-farm utility.

A comparison of seed yields of winter grain legumes in Western Australia

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 915 ◽  
Author(s):  
KHM Siddique ◽  
GH Walton ◽  
M Seymour
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Narrow Leaf ◽  
Seed Yields

Field trials were conducted in 2 seasons at 13 sites on neutral to alkaline soils in Western Australia, to compare the growth and seed yield of 6 winter grain legume species: field pea (Pisum sativum L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik), narrow leaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), albus lupin (L. albus). In a dry year (1991), overall site mean seed yield was highest for field pea (1.35 t/ha), then faba bean (1.22 t/ha) and narrow leaf lupin (0.85 t/ha). Chickpea, lentil line ILL5728, and albus lupin produced an average seed yield of 0.64 t/ha. Rainfall in 1992 was above average and seed yields of all species except field pea were higher than in 1991. Heavy rainfall in winter and spring caused transient waterlogging at several sites, affecting growth and seed yield of most species. Faba bean responded positively to the increase in rainfall and produced exceptional seed yields of >4 t/ha at 3 sites. Mean seed yield was highest for faba bean, at 2.87 t/ha, then narrow leaf lupin (1.19 t/ha), chickpea (1.1 t/ha), and field pea (1.0 t/ha). Field pea performed poorly at several sites due to its susceptibility to transient waterlogging and black spot disease (caused by Mycosphaerella pinoides). Albus lupin and lentil line ILL5728 produced similar seed yields (0.78 t/ha). Lentil cvv. Laird (1991) and Kye (1992) had low seed yields due to poor adaptation. Seed yield differences between species at various locations were not simply related to any soil chemical parameters or to depth to clay. On a calcareous soil of pH(CaC12) 8 at Dongara, the growth of narrow leaf lupin was severely affected and the crop failed. Days to flowering varied between species; faba bean was earliest to flower (76 days), then field pea. Faba bean and field pea (particularly in 1991) generally produced the most dry matter, both early and at final harvest. The relationship between seed yield and rainfall was complicated by transient waterlogging and fungal disease (e.g. black spot in field pea) at many sites. Seed yield was significantly positively related to final dry matter production but not to harvest index.

scholarly journals Agroinfiltration for transient gene expression and characterisation of fungal pathogen effectors in cool-season grain legume hosts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes W. Debler ◽  
Bernadette M. Henares ◽  
Robert C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Transient Gene Expression ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Pathogen Effectors ◽  
Green Fluorescent

Abstract Key message Modified pEAQ-HT-DEST1 vectors were used for agroinfiltration in legumes. We demonstrate protein expression and export in pea, lentil, and faba bean; however, the method for chickpea was not successful. Abstract Agroinfiltration is a valuable research method for investigating virulence and avirulence effector proteins from pathogens and pests, where heterologous effector proteins are transiently expressed in plant leaves and hypersensitive necrosis responses and other effector functions can be assessed. Nicotiana benthamiana is widely used for agroinfiltration and the characterisation of broad-spectrum effectors. The method has also been used in other plant species including field pea, but not yet developed for chickpea, lentil, or faba bean. Here, we have modified the pEAQ-HT-DEST1 vector for expression of 6 × histidine-tagged green-fluorescent protein (GFP) and the known necrosis-inducing broad-spectrum effector necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide (Nep1)-like protein (NLP). Modified pEAQ-based vectors were adapted to encode signal peptide sequences for apoplast targeting of expressed proteins. We used confocal microscopy to assess the level of GFP expression in agroinfiltrated leaves. While at 3 days after infiltration in N. benthamiana, GFP was expressed at a relatively high level, expression in field pea and faba bean at the same time point was relatively low. In lentil, an expression level of GFP similar to field pea and faba bean at 3 days was only observed after 5 days. Chickpea leaf cells were transformed at low frequency and agroinfiltration was concluded to not be successful for chickpea. We concluded that the pEAQ vector is suitable for testing host-specific effectors in field pea, lentil, and faba bean, but low transformation efficiency limits the utility of the method for chickpea.

Optimum plant population density for chickpea and dry pea in a semiarid environment

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. T. Gan ◽  
P. R. Miller ◽  
B. G. McConkey ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
P. H. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
Plant Population Density ◽  
Field Emergence ◽  
Seed Yields

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), an annual grain legume, is being broadly included in cereal-based cropping systems throughout the semiarid Canadian prairies, but information on optimum plant population density (PPD) has not been developed for this region. This study, which was conducted from 1998 to 2000 in southwestern Saskatchewan, determined the effect of PPD on field emergence, seed yield and quality, and harvestability of kabuli and desi chickpea compared with dry pea (Pisum sativum L.). Seed yields of all legumes increased with increasing PPD when the crops were grown on conventional summerfallow. The PPD that produced the highest seed yields ranged from 40 to 45 plants m-2 for kabuli chickpea, from 45 to 50 plants m-2 for desi chickpea, and from 75 to 80 plants m-2 for dry pea. When the legumes were grown on wheat stubble, the PPD that gained optimum seed yield ranged from 35 to 40 plants m-2 for kabuli chickpea, from 40 to 45 plants m-2 for desi chickpea, and from 65 to 70 plants m-2 for dry pea. The proportion of large-sized (>9-mm diameter) seed in the harvested seed was >70% when the kabuli chickpea was grown on summerfallow regardless of PPD, whereas the large-seed proportion decreased with increasing PPD when the crop was grown on wheat stubble. Increases in PPD advanced plant maturity by 1.5 to 3.0 d and increased the height of the lowest pods from the soil surface by 1.4 to 2.0 cm (or 5 to 10%), with desi chickpea receiving the greatest benefits from increased PPD. The percentage of plants established from viable seeds per unit area decreased substantially as PPD increased, with kabuli chickpea emergence decreasing from 90% at PPD = 20 plants m-2 to 72% at PPD = 50 plants m-2, from 81 to 69% for desi type, and from 83 to 59% for dry pea . The reason for the low field emergence with increased PPD is unknown, but methods which lead to improved field emergence represent a great opportunity to increase seed yield and reduce production costs for both chickpea and dry pea in this semiarid region. Key words: seed size, Cicer arietinum, Pisum sativum, seeding rate, summerfallow

Yield stability of selected forage vetches (Vicia spp.) under rainfed conditions in west Asia

1988 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Abd El Moneim ◽  
P. S. Cocks ◽  
Y. Swedan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Wide Adaptation ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Seed Yields

SummaryWith the current high prices for livestock, forage legumes are increasingly attractive to farmers in west Asia. There has been very little genetic improvement of the main species, of which three vetches, Vicia saliva (common vetch), V. villosa subsp. dasycarpa (woollypod vetch), and V. narbonensis (Narbon vetch), show promise. As a first step in genetic improvement 23 genotypes of common vetch and one each of woollypod vetch and Narbon vetch were grown at four sites in Syria and one in Lebanon over three seasons. Since local climatic conditions were considered to be of considerable importance, each site in each year was treated as a separate environment, to give 15 environments in all. genotype × environment (G × E) interactions were analysed using linear regression.There was considerable variation in herbage and seed yields within both genotypes and environments, and G × E interactions were highly significant. In the case of herbage yield good environments could be defined as those receiving high rainfall and low incidence of frost. Several genotypes appeared to possess wide adaptation, in terms of both yield and stability. Climate, except for late spring rains, had little effect on seed yield, nor were any of the genotypes widely adapted. However, in the broad sense heritability was much higher for seed than for herbage yield.There is a need to define good and bad environments for seed yield. Based on observations during the study it is likely that good environments for Narbon vetch are those where broomrape (Orobanche crenata) is absent, while root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne artiella) may affect seed yield of common vetch. In view of its high seed yield the possible role of Narbon vetch as a grain legume is briefly discussed.

Adaptation and seed yield of cool season grain legumes in Mediterranean environments of south-western Australia

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 375 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. M. Siddique ◽  
S. P. Loss ◽  
K. L. Regan ◽  
R. L. Jettner
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Bitter Vetch ◽  
Seed Yields

A range of cool season grain legume species have shown considerable potential for soils unsuitable for the production of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) at limited sites in the Mediterranean-type environments of south-western Australia. In this study the adaptation of these grain legume species was compared by measuring crop phenology, growth, and yield in field experiments at a total of 36 sites over 3 seasons, with the aim of identifying species with suitable adaptation and seed yield for specific environments. The grain legumes examined appeared to fall into 3 categories: (i) field pea (Pisum sativum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), and narbon bean (Vicia narbonensis L.) clearly had superior seed yield to the other species over a wide number of sites and years across south-western Australia (mean 1.0–2.3 t/ha); (ii) albus lupin (Lupinus albus L.), desi chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), and Lathyrus cicera, L. sativus, and L. ochrus produced seed yields of 1–1.3 t/ha; and (iii) red lentil (Lens culinaris L.), bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia), and kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) generally produced the lowest yields (0.6–1.0 t/ha). There were clear species × environment interactions. At low-yielding sites (<1.4 t/ha), field pea was the highest yielding species, while faba bean often produced the highest seed yields under more favourable conditions at high yielding sites. Lentil, bitter vetch, Lathyrus spp., and desi chickpea showed average response to increasing mean site yield. Soil pH and clay content and rainfall were the environmental factors identified as the most important in determining seed yields. Soil pH and clay content appeared to be especially important in the adaptation of lentil, narbon bean, bitter vetch, and kabuli chickpea, with these species performing best in soils with pH >6.0 and clay contents >15%. Seed yields were positively correlated with dry matter production at maturity across a number of sites (r2 = 0.40, P < 0.01). Future improvements in seed yield of these species are likely to come from management practices that increase dry matter production such as increased plant density and early sowing, and through the development of genotypes with greater tolerance to low winter temperatures, and more rapid phenology, canopy development, and dry matter production than existing commercial cultivars.

Influence of foliar-applied fungicides on seed yield of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in northern New South Wales

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Marcellos ◽  
KJ Moore ◽  
A Nikandrow
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Chocolate Spot ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Better Than

The effects of 5 foliar-applied fungicides on seed yield of faba bean (Vicia faba) cv. Fiord were studied over 3 years at Tamworth in northern New South Wales. In 2 seasons when the diseases chocolate spot (Botrytis fabae) and rust (Uromyces viciae-fabae) were significant, 5 applications of foliar fungicides after flowering increased yield, by up to 1.6 t/ha in 1990 and nearly 0.9 t/ha in 1992, compared with the unsprayed treatment.Mancozeb, dichlofluanid, and tebuconazole were the most effective fungicides for preventing yield reduction, and vinclozolin and procymidone had little or no effect. Mancozeb and tebuconazole were effective in reducing the severity of both diseases, whereas procymidone was only active against chocolate spot. Differences between the most effective fungicides when applied 5 times or twice (at early and mid flowering) were seldom significant. Seed yields following 2 applications of tebuconazole were significantly higher than from 1 application, but for mancozeb, 2 applications were better than 1 in 1992 only. It was estimated that rust accounted for most of the yield loss in 1990 and 1992, and did so mainly by reducing seed size. Application of mancozeb early and during late flowering provided an effective and economical increase in grain yield in 1990 and 1992.

Performance of Imazethapyr on Pulse Crops

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najib Malik ◽  
Lawrence Townley-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Field Pennycress ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Loam Soil

The potential of imazethapyr as a selective herbicide in four pulse crops was investigated at Melfort, Saskatchewan in 1988 and 1989. Lentil, field pea, faba bean and annual vetch were tolerant to imazethapyr applied preemergence to a silty clay loam soil at 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 kg ai ha-1. Postemergence treatments above 0.05 kg ha-1, however, stunted lentil and vetch in both years. Environmental factors, the dominant weed in the experimental site, as well as timing of application strongly influenced the performance of imazethapyr. Seed yield increases observed with imazethapyr treatments, compared to metribuzin or untreated check, were greater in 1989 when wild oat was the dominant weed and moisture was not a limiting factor in the early stages of crop development, than in 1988 when field pennycress was the dominant weed. Mean seed yield for all imazethapyr treatments, compared to the check, increased 0 and 930%, 24 and 89%, 21 and 600%, and 47 and 44% in 1988 and 1989, for lentil, field pea, faba bean and vetch, respectively. Significant increases in lentil seed density, seed size, and germination were also obtained though protein content decreased 2%.

scholarly journals Performance of Field Pea and Lentil When Intercropped with Faba Bean and Chickpea in the Peace River Region of Alberta, Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Kabal Singh Gill ◽  
Darcy Boisvert
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Peace River ◽  
River Region ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Total Seed

Research information concerning intercropping legumes with non-legumes for seed production is extensively available, but concerning legume-legume intercropping is from tropical areas only. Field pea and lentil tend to lodge as they reach maturity and this can result in harvesting difficulties as well as reduced seed yield and quality. The objectives of this study were to assess crop response and seed production when field pea (Pisum staivum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) were intercropped with lodging resistant faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), in the Peace River region of Alberta, Canada. The combinations of lentil+faba bean, lentil+chickpea, field pea+faba bean and field pea+chickpea intercrops; and their sole crops were tested in 2015, 2016 and 2017. Seeding rates were either 75 or 100% of lentil and field pea; and either 50 or 75% of faba bean and chickpea for intercrops; and 100% for sole crops. Compared to the seed rates in the intercrops, the plant counts were similar or slightly lower for lentil and field pea sole crops, while they were similar or lower for faba bean and chickpea sole crops. Plant height of lentil and field pea was similar in sole crops and intercrops, while faba bean and chickpea were stunted in some intercrop treatments. There was reduced lodging of lentil and field pea in the intercrops compared to sole crops in 2016 and 2017, which could provide better harvesting conditions. Compared to sole crops, the seed yield and land equivalent ratio (LER) of individual crops in the intercropping treatments were similar or slightly lower than the seeding rates for lentil and field pea, while they were similar or noticeably lower for faba bean and chickpea. There was very little gain in the total seed yield and total LER values from the intercrops in 2015, due to very dry weather conditions. However with adequate rain in 2016 and 2017, the lentil intercrops provided greater total seed yield and total LER than the sole crops, but the gains in the total seed yield and total LER from the field pea intercrops over the sole field pea were small and not consistent. Overall, the results indicate a potential for improving seed yield and total LER over the sole crops of lentil by intercropping with faba bean and chickpea.

scholarly journals Variability in yield of four grain legume species in a subhumid temperate environment I. Yields and harvest index

2004 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. AYAZ ◽  
B. A. McKENZIE ◽  
G. D. HILL ◽  
D. L. McNEIL
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Optimum Population ◽  
Crop Harvest ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Seed Yields

In 1998/99 and 1999/2000, field trials were conducted to try to explain why grain legume yields and harvest index are more variable than many other crops. Treatments involved varying plant populations and sowing depths and were selected to maximize plant variability. Both yields and harvest index were variable. Total dry matter (TDM) production generally increased as plant population increased up to twice the optimum population. Increases ranged from 80 to 130% with lupins producing the highest yields of 878 and 972 g/m2 of TDM in 1998/99 and 1999/2000 respectively. While plants sown at 10 cm depth produced more TDM than did plants sown at 2 cm, the difference was only 3%. Seed yields followed similar trends to TDM, with maximum yields (mean of 403 g seed/m2) produced at twice the optimum population. Crop harvest index (CHI) was quite variable and ranged from 0·31 to 0·66. Crop HI was lowest (0·43) at the lowest population and increased to 0·55 at twice the optimum plant population. In both seasons, lentil had the highest CHI and lupin the lowest. While CHI was variable there were very close relationships between seed yield and TDM which suggested that maximum seed yield depends on maximizing TDM production. The results also suggest that growers should increase population by a factor of two to obtain maximum seed yields.

Response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties to time of sowing in Mediterranean-type environments of south-western Australia

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Regan ◽  
K. H. M. Siddique ◽  
N. J. Brandon ◽  
M. Seymour ◽  
S. P. Loss
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Seed Yields

Chickpea has become an important grain legume crop in Australia over the last decade. New varieties with improved seed yield and quality are being developed in Australia with varied phenological and agronomic traits. This study examined the optimum time of sowing of several desi chickpea varieties (Dooen, T1587, Sona and Tyson) varying in phenology over a range of dryland Mediterranean-type environments in south-western Australia. Chickpea showed good adaptation, particularly in the northern grain belt of Western Australia where growing conditions are warmer than southern areas. Seed yields varied widely depending on the time of sowing, location and seasonal conditions. Mean seed yields greater than 1000 kg/ha and up to 2000 kg/ha were achieved, but in some cases seed yields were less than 800 kg/ha. In the northern region, seed yield was almost doubled by sowing in early-May (1625 kg/ha) compared with late-June (754 kg/ha). In contrast to this, seed yields were generally lower in the southern regions and greater from late-June sowings (865 kg/ha) compared to earlier mid-May sowings (610 kg/ha). Seed yields were not clearly increased by altering sowing time to match the phenology of the variety to the growing season rainfall and temperatures, except at the early sowing times (April and early-May) where Tyson out-yielded all other varieties. This is most likely due to the lack of photoperiod-responsive, long-duration varieties to match early sowing and low temperatures limiting vegetative and reproductive growth in all varieties, especially in southern areas. However, it is likely that early flowering varieties will show greater adaptation and yield performance in short growing seasons, while later flowering varieties will be better suited to longer growing seasons. The study found that there were significant differences in the optimum sowing time between northern, central and southern sites, based on differences in mean daily temperatures and length of the growing season. Generally, the greatest seed yields were produced by sowing between mid to late June at southern sites, and early May at central and northern sites.

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